d1f322bddb
prefetch on 64bit architectures. Prior to this, two lines were needed for the fast path and each line may fetch an unused adjacent neighbor. - Move fields used by the fast path into a single line. - Move constants into the adjacent line which is mostly used for the spare bucket alloc 'medium path'. - Unpad the mtx which is only used by the fast path and place it in a line with rarely used data. This aligns the cachelines better and eliminates 128 bytes of wasted space. This gives a 45% improvement on a will-it-scale test on a 24 core machine. Reviewed by: mmacy
489 lines
17 KiB
C
489 lines
17 KiB
C
/*-
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* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
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*
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* Copyright (c) 2002-2005, 2009, 2013 Jeffrey Roberson <jeff@FreeBSD.org>
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* Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Bosko Milekic <bmilekic@FreeBSD.org>
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* All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
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* disclaimer.
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*
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* $FreeBSD$
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*
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*/
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#include <sys/_bitset.h>
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#include <sys/_task.h>
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/*
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* This file includes definitions, structures, prototypes, and inlines that
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* should not be used outside of the actual implementation of UMA.
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*/
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/*
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* The brief summary; Zones describe unique allocation types. Zones are
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* organized into per-CPU caches which are filled by buckets. Buckets are
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* organized according to memory domains. Buckets are filled from kegs which
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* are also organized according to memory domains. Kegs describe a unique
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* allocation type, backend memory provider, and layout. Kegs are associated
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* with one or more zones and zones reference one or more kegs. Kegs provide
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* slabs which are virtually contiguous collections of pages. Each slab is
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* broken down int one or more items that will satisfy an individual allocation.
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*
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* Allocation is satisfied in the following order:
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* 1) Per-CPU cache
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* 2) Per-domain cache of buckets
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* 3) Slab from any of N kegs
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* 4) Backend page provider
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*
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* More detail on individual objects is contained below:
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*
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* Kegs contain lists of slabs which are stored in either the full bin, empty
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* bin, or partially allocated bin, to reduce fragmentation. They also contain
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* the user supplied value for size, which is adjusted for alignment purposes
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* and rsize is the result of that. The Keg also stores information for
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* managing a hash of page addresses that maps pages to uma_slab_t structures
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* for pages that don't have embedded uma_slab_t's.
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*
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* Keg slab lists are organized by memory domain to support NUMA allocation
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* policies. By default allocations are spread across domains to reduce the
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* potential for hotspots. Special keg creation flags may be specified to
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* prefer location allocation. However there is no strict enforcement as frees
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* may happen on any CPU and these are returned to the CPU-local cache
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* regardless of the originating domain.
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*
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* The uma_slab_t may be embedded in a UMA_SLAB_SIZE chunk of memory or it may
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* be allocated off the page from a special slab zone. The free list within a
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* slab is managed with a bitmask. For item sizes that would yield more than
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* 10% memory waste we potentially allocate a separate uma_slab_t if this will
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* improve the number of items per slab that will fit.
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*
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* The only really gross cases, with regards to memory waste, are for those
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* items that are just over half the page size. You can get nearly 50% waste,
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* so you fall back to the memory footprint of the power of two allocator. I
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* have looked at memory allocation sizes on many of the machines available to
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* me, and there does not seem to be an abundance of allocations at this range
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* so at this time it may not make sense to optimize for it. This can, of
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* course, be solved with dynamic slab sizes.
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*
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* Kegs may serve multiple Zones but by far most of the time they only serve
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* one. When a Zone is created, a Keg is allocated and setup for it. While
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* the backing Keg stores slabs, the Zone caches Buckets of items allocated
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* from the slabs. Each Zone is equipped with an init/fini and ctor/dtor
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* pair, as well as with its own set of small per-CPU caches, layered above
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* the Zone's general Bucket cache.
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*
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* The PCPU caches are protected by critical sections, and may be accessed
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* safely only from their associated CPU, while the Zones backed by the same
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* Keg all share a common Keg lock (to coalesce contention on the backing
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* slabs). The backing Keg typically only serves one Zone but in the case of
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* multiple Zones, one of the Zones is considered the Master Zone and all
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* Zone-related stats from the Keg are done in the Master Zone. For an
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* example of a Multi-Zone setup, refer to the Mbuf allocation code.
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*/
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/*
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* This is the representation for normal (Non OFFPAGE slab)
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*
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* i == item
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* s == slab pointer
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*
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* <---------------- Page (UMA_SLAB_SIZE) ------------------>
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* ___________________________________________________________
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* | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ |
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* ||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i| |slab header||
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* ||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_| |___________||
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* |___________________________________________________________|
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*
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*
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* This is an OFFPAGE slab. These can be larger than UMA_SLAB_SIZE.
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*
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* ___________________________________________________________
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* | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
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* ||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||i| |
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* ||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_| |
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* |___________________________________________________________|
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* ___________ ^
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* |slab header| |
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* |___________|---*
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*
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*/
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#ifndef VM_UMA_INT_H
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#define VM_UMA_INT_H
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#define UMA_SLAB_SIZE PAGE_SIZE /* How big are our slabs? */
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#define UMA_SLAB_MASK (PAGE_SIZE - 1) /* Mask to get back to the page */
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#define UMA_SLAB_SHIFT PAGE_SHIFT /* Number of bits PAGE_MASK */
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/* Max waste percentage before going to off page slab management */
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#define UMA_MAX_WASTE 10
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/*
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* Size of memory in a not offpage slab available for actual items.
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*/
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#define UMA_SLAB_SPACE (UMA_SLAB_SIZE - sizeof(struct uma_slab))
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/*
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* I doubt there will be many cases where this is exceeded. This is the initial
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* size of the hash table for uma_slabs that are managed off page. This hash
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* does expand by powers of two. Currently it doesn't get smaller.
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*/
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#define UMA_HASH_SIZE_INIT 32
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/*
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* I should investigate other hashing algorithms. This should yield a low
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* number of collisions if the pages are relatively contiguous.
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*/
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#define UMA_HASH(h, s) ((((uintptr_t)s) >> UMA_SLAB_SHIFT) & (h)->uh_hashmask)
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#define UMA_HASH_INSERT(h, s, mem) \
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SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(h)->uh_slab_hash[UMA_HASH((h), \
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(mem))], (s), us_hlink)
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#define UMA_HASH_REMOVE(h, s, mem) \
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SLIST_REMOVE(&(h)->uh_slab_hash[UMA_HASH((h), \
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(mem))], (s), uma_slab, us_hlink)
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/* Hash table for freed address -> slab translation */
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SLIST_HEAD(slabhead, uma_slab);
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struct uma_hash {
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struct slabhead *uh_slab_hash; /* Hash table for slabs */
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int uh_hashsize; /* Current size of the hash table */
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int uh_hashmask; /* Mask used during hashing */
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};
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/*
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* align field or structure to cache line
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*/
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#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
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#define UMA_ALIGN __aligned(128)
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#else
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#define UMA_ALIGN
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#endif
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/*
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* Structures for per cpu queues.
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*/
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struct uma_bucket {
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LIST_ENTRY(uma_bucket) ub_link; /* Link into the zone */
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int16_t ub_cnt; /* Count of free items. */
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int16_t ub_entries; /* Max items. */
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void *ub_bucket[]; /* actual allocation storage */
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};
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typedef struct uma_bucket * uma_bucket_t;
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struct uma_cache {
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uma_bucket_t uc_freebucket; /* Bucket we're freeing to */
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uma_bucket_t uc_allocbucket; /* Bucket to allocate from */
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uint64_t uc_allocs; /* Count of allocations */
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uint64_t uc_frees; /* Count of frees */
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} UMA_ALIGN;
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typedef struct uma_cache * uma_cache_t;
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/*
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* Per-domain memory list. Embedded in the kegs.
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*/
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struct uma_domain {
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_slab) ud_part_slab; /* partially allocated slabs */
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_slab) ud_free_slab; /* empty slab list */
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_slab) ud_full_slab; /* full slabs */
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};
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typedef struct uma_domain * uma_domain_t;
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/*
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* Keg management structure
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*
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* TODO: Optimize for cache line size
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*
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*/
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struct uma_keg {
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struct mtx uk_lock; /* Lock for the keg */
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struct uma_hash uk_hash;
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_zone) uk_zones; /* Keg's zones */
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uint32_t uk_cursor; /* Domain alloc cursor. */
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uint32_t uk_align; /* Alignment mask */
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uint32_t uk_pages; /* Total page count */
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uint32_t uk_free; /* Count of items free in slabs */
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uint32_t uk_reserve; /* Number of reserved items. */
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uint32_t uk_size; /* Requested size of each item */
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uint32_t uk_rsize; /* Real size of each item */
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uint32_t uk_maxpages; /* Maximum number of pages to alloc */
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uma_init uk_init; /* Keg's init routine */
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uma_fini uk_fini; /* Keg's fini routine */
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uma_alloc uk_allocf; /* Allocation function */
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uma_free uk_freef; /* Free routine */
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u_long uk_offset; /* Next free offset from base KVA */
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vm_offset_t uk_kva; /* Zone base KVA */
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uma_zone_t uk_slabzone; /* Slab zone backing us, if OFFPAGE */
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uint32_t uk_pgoff; /* Offset to uma_slab struct */
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uint16_t uk_ppera; /* pages per allocation from backend */
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uint16_t uk_ipers; /* Items per slab */
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uint32_t uk_flags; /* Internal flags */
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/* Least used fields go to the last cache line. */
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const char *uk_name; /* Name of creating zone. */
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LIST_ENTRY(uma_keg) uk_link; /* List of all kegs */
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/* Must be last, variable sized. */
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struct uma_domain uk_domain[]; /* Keg's slab lists. */
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};
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typedef struct uma_keg * uma_keg_t;
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/*
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* Free bits per-slab.
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*/
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#define SLAB_SETSIZE (PAGE_SIZE / UMA_SMALLEST_UNIT)
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BITSET_DEFINE(slabbits, SLAB_SETSIZE);
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/*
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* The slab structure manages a single contiguous allocation from backing
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* store and subdivides it into individually allocatable items.
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*/
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struct uma_slab {
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uma_keg_t us_keg; /* Keg we live in */
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union {
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LIST_ENTRY(uma_slab) _us_link; /* slabs in zone */
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unsigned long _us_size; /* Size of allocation */
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} us_type;
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SLIST_ENTRY(uma_slab) us_hlink; /* Link for hash table */
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uint8_t *us_data; /* First item */
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struct slabbits us_free; /* Free bitmask. */
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#ifdef INVARIANTS
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struct slabbits us_debugfree; /* Debug bitmask. */
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#endif
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uint16_t us_freecount; /* How many are free? */
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uint8_t us_flags; /* Page flags see uma.h */
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uint8_t us_domain; /* Backing NUMA domain. */
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};
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#define us_link us_type._us_link
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#define us_size us_type._us_size
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#if MAXMEMDOM >= 255
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#error "Slab domain type insufficient"
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#endif
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typedef struct uma_slab * uma_slab_t;
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typedef uma_slab_t (*uma_slaballoc)(uma_zone_t, uma_keg_t, int, int);
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struct uma_klink {
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LIST_ENTRY(uma_klink) kl_link;
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uma_keg_t kl_keg;
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};
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typedef struct uma_klink *uma_klink_t;
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struct uma_zone_domain {
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_bucket) uzd_buckets; /* full buckets */
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};
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typedef struct uma_zone_domain * uma_zone_domain_t;
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/*
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* Zone management structure
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*
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* TODO: Optimize for cache line size
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*
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*/
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struct uma_zone {
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/* Offset 0, used in alloc/free fast/medium fast path and const. */
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struct mtx *uz_lockptr;
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const char *uz_name; /* Text name of the zone */
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struct uma_zone_domain *uz_domain; /* per-domain buckets */
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uint32_t uz_flags; /* Flags inherited from kegs */
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uint32_t uz_size; /* Size inherited from kegs */
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uma_ctor uz_ctor; /* Constructor for each allocation */
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uma_dtor uz_dtor; /* Destructor */
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uma_init uz_init; /* Initializer for each item */
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uma_fini uz_fini; /* Finalizer for each item. */
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/* Offset 64, used in bucket replenish. */
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uma_import uz_import; /* Import new memory to cache. */
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uma_release uz_release; /* Release memory from cache. */
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void *uz_arg; /* Import/release argument. */
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uma_slaballoc uz_slab; /* Allocate a slab from the backend. */
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uint16_t uz_count; /* Amount of items in full bucket */
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uint16_t uz_count_min; /* Minimal amount of items there */
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/* 32bit pad on 64bit. */
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LIST_ENTRY(uma_zone) uz_link; /* List of all zones in keg */
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LIST_HEAD(,uma_klink) uz_kegs; /* List of kegs. */
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/* Offset 128 Rare. */
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/*
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* The lock is placed here to avoid adjacent line prefetcher
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* in fast paths and to take up space near infrequently accessed
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* members to reduce alignment overhead.
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*/
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struct mtx uz_lock; /* Lock for the zone */
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struct uma_klink uz_klink; /* klink for first keg. */
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/* The next two fields are used to print a rate-limited warnings. */
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const char *uz_warning; /* Warning to print on failure */
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struct timeval uz_ratecheck; /* Warnings rate-limiting */
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struct task uz_maxaction; /* Task to run when at limit */
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/* 16 bytes of pad. */
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/* Offset 256, atomic stats. */
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volatile u_long uz_allocs UMA_ALIGN; /* Total number of allocations */
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volatile u_long uz_fails; /* Total number of alloc failures */
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volatile u_long uz_frees; /* Total number of frees */
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uint64_t uz_sleeps; /* Total number of alloc sleeps */
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/*
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* This HAS to be the last item because we adjust the zone size
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* based on NCPU and then allocate the space for the zones.
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*/
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struct uma_cache uz_cpu[]; /* Per cpu caches */
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/* uz_domain follows here. */
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};
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/*
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* These flags must not overlap with the UMA_ZONE flags specified in uma.h.
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*/
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_MULTI 0x04000000 /* Multiple kegs in the zone. */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_DRAINING 0x08000000 /* Running zone_drain. */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_BUCKET 0x10000000 /* Bucket zone. */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_INTERNAL 0x20000000 /* No offpage no PCPU. */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_FULL 0x40000000 /* Reached uz_maxpages */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_CACHEONLY 0x80000000 /* Don't ask VM for buckets. */
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#define UMA_ZFLAG_INHERIT \
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(UMA_ZFLAG_INTERNAL | UMA_ZFLAG_CACHEONLY | UMA_ZFLAG_BUCKET)
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static inline uma_keg_t
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zone_first_keg(uma_zone_t zone)
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{
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uma_klink_t klink;
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klink = LIST_FIRST(&zone->uz_kegs);
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return (klink != NULL) ? klink->kl_keg : NULL;
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}
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#undef UMA_ALIGN
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#ifdef _KERNEL
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/* Internal prototypes */
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static __inline uma_slab_t hash_sfind(struct uma_hash *hash, uint8_t *data);
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void *uma_large_malloc(vm_size_t size, int wait);
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void *uma_large_malloc_domain(vm_size_t size, int domain, int wait);
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void uma_large_free(uma_slab_t slab);
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/* Lock Macros */
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#define KEG_LOCK_INIT(k, lc) \
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do { \
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if ((lc)) \
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mtx_init(&(k)->uk_lock, (k)->uk_name, \
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(k)->uk_name, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK); \
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else \
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mtx_init(&(k)->uk_lock, (k)->uk_name, \
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"UMA zone", MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK); \
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} while (0)
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#define KEG_LOCK_FINI(k) mtx_destroy(&(k)->uk_lock)
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#define KEG_LOCK(k) mtx_lock(&(k)->uk_lock)
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#define KEG_UNLOCK(k) mtx_unlock(&(k)->uk_lock)
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#define ZONE_LOCK_INIT(z, lc) \
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do { \
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if ((lc)) \
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mtx_init(&(z)->uz_lock, (z)->uz_name, \
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(z)->uz_name, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK); \
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else \
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mtx_init(&(z)->uz_lock, (z)->uz_name, \
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"UMA zone", MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK); \
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} while (0)
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#define ZONE_LOCK(z) mtx_lock((z)->uz_lockptr)
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#define ZONE_TRYLOCK(z) mtx_trylock((z)->uz_lockptr)
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#define ZONE_UNLOCK(z) mtx_unlock((z)->uz_lockptr)
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#define ZONE_LOCK_FINI(z) mtx_destroy(&(z)->uz_lock)
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/*
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* Find a slab within a hash table. This is used for OFFPAGE zones to lookup
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* the slab structure.
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*
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* Arguments:
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* hash The hash table to search.
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* data The base page of the item.
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*
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* Returns:
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* A pointer to a slab if successful, else NULL.
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*/
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static __inline uma_slab_t
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hash_sfind(struct uma_hash *hash, uint8_t *data)
|
|
{
|
|
uma_slab_t slab;
|
|
int hval;
|
|
|
|
hval = UMA_HASH(hash, data);
|
|
|
|
SLIST_FOREACH(slab, &hash->uh_slab_hash[hval], us_hlink) {
|
|
if ((uint8_t *)slab->us_data == data)
|
|
return (slab);
|
|
}
|
|
return (NULL);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static __inline uma_slab_t
|
|
vtoslab(vm_offset_t va)
|
|
{
|
|
vm_page_t p;
|
|
|
|
p = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pmap_kextract(va));
|
|
return ((uma_slab_t)p->plinks.s.pv);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static __inline void
|
|
vsetslab(vm_offset_t va, uma_slab_t slab)
|
|
{
|
|
vm_page_t p;
|
|
|
|
p = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pmap_kextract(va));
|
|
p->plinks.s.pv = slab;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* The following two functions may be defined by architecture specific code
|
|
* if they can provide more efficient allocation functions. This is useful
|
|
* for using direct mapped addresses.
|
|
*/
|
|
void *uma_small_alloc(uma_zone_t zone, vm_size_t bytes, int domain,
|
|
uint8_t *pflag, int wait);
|
|
void uma_small_free(void *mem, vm_size_t size, uint8_t flags);
|
|
|
|
/* Set a global soft limit on UMA managed memory. */
|
|
void uma_set_limit(unsigned long limit);
|
|
#endif /* _KERNEL */
|
|
|
|
#endif /* VM_UMA_INT_H */
|