605 lines
16 KiB
Groff
605 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2013 The FreeBSD Foundation
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This documentation was written by Pawel Jakub Dawidek under sponsorship
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.\" the FreeBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 21, 2014
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.Dt NV 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm nvlist_create ,
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.Nm nvlist_destroy ,
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.Nm nvlist_error ,
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.Nm nvlist_empty ,
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.Nm nvlist_exists ,
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.Nm nvlist_free ,
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.Nm nvlist_clone ,
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.Nm nvlist_dump ,
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.Nm nvlist_fdump ,
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.Nm nvlist_size ,
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.Nm nvlist_pack ,
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.Nm nvlist_unpack ,
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.Nm nvlist_send ,
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.Nm nvlist_recv ,
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.Nm nvlist_xfer ,
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.Nm nvlist_next ,
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.Nm nvlist_add ,
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.Nm nvlist_move ,
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.Nm nvlist_get ,
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.Nm nvlist_take
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.Nd "library for name/value pairs"
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libnv
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In nv.h
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_create "int flags"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_destroy "nvlist_t *nvl"
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.Ft int
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.Fn nvlist_error "const nvlist_t *nvl"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_empty "const nvlist_t *nvl"
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.\"
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_clone "const nvlist_t *nvl"
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.\"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_dump "const nvlist_t *nvl, int fd"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_fdump "const nvlist_t *nvl, FILE *fp"
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.\"
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.Ft size_t
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.Fn nvlist_size "const nvlist_t *nvl"
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fn nvlist_pack "const nvlist_t *nvl" "size_t *sizep"
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_unpack "const void *buf" "size_t size"
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.\"
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.Ft int
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.Fn nvlist_send "int sock" "const nvlist_t *nvl"
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_recv "int sock"
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_xfer "int sock" "nvlist_t *nvl"
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.\"
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.Ft "const char *"
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.Fn nvlist_next "const nvlist_t *nvl" "int *typep" "void **cookiep"
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.\"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_type "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "int type"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_null "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_bool "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_number "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_string "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_nvlist "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_descriptor "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_exists_binary "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.\"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_null "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_bool "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "bool value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_number "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "uint64_t value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_string "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "const char *value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_stringf "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "const char *valuefmt" "..."
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_stringv "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "const char *valuefmt" "va_list valueap"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_nvlist "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "const nvlist_t *value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_descriptor "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "int value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_add_binary "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "const void *value" "size_t size"
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.\"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_move_string "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "char *value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_move_nvlist "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "nvlist_t *value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_move_descriptor "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "int value"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_move_binary "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "void *value" "size_t size"
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.\"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_get_bool "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft uint64_t
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.Fn nvlist_get_number "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "const char *"
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.Fn nvlist_get_string "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "const nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_get_nvlist "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft int
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.Fn nvlist_get_descriptor "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "const void *"
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.Fn nvlist_get_binary "const nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "size_t *sizep"
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.\"
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.Ft bool
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.Fn nvlist_take_bool "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft uint64_t
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.Fn nvlist_take_number "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "char *"
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.Fn nvlist_take_string "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "nvlist_t *"
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.Fn nvlist_take_nvlist "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft int
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.Fn nvlist_take_descriptor "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fn nvlist_take_binary "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "size_t *sizep"
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.\"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_type "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name" "int type"
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.\"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_null "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_bool "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_number "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_string "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_nvlist "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_descriptor "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn nvlist_free_binary "nvlist_t *nvl" "const char *name"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm libnv
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library allows to easily manage name value pairs as well as send and receive
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them over sockets.
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A group (list) of name value pairs is called an
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.Nm nvlist .
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The API supports the following data types:
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.Bl -ohang -offset indent
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.It Sy null ( NV_TYPE_NULL )
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There is no data associated with the name.
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.It Sy bool ( NV_TYPE_BOOL )
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The value can be either
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.Dv true
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or
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.Dv false .
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.It Sy number ( NV_TYPE_NUMBER )
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The value is a number stored as
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.Vt uint64_t .
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.It Sy string ( NV_TYPE_STRING )
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The value is a C string.
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.It Sy nvlist ( NV_TYPE_NVLIST )
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The value is a nested nvlist.
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.It Sy descriptor ( NV_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR )
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The value is a file descriptor.
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Note that file descriptors can be sent only over
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.Xr unix 4
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domain sockets.
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.It Sy binary ( NV_TYPE_BINARY )
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The value is a binary buffer.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_create
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function allocates memory and initializes an nvlist.
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.Pp
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The following flag can be provided:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "NV_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE" -compact -offset indent
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.It Dv NV_FLAG_IGNORE_CASE
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Perform case-insensitive lookups of provided names.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_destroy
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function destroys the given nvlist.
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Function does nothing if
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.Dv NULL
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nvlist is provided.
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Function never modifies the
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.Va errno
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global variable.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_error
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function returns any error value that the nvlist accumulated.
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If the given nvlist is
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.Dv NULL
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the
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.Er ENOMEM
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error will be returned.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_empty
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functions returns
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.Dv true
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if the given nvlist is empty and
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.Dv false
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otherwise.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_clone
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functions clones the given nvlist.
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The clone shares no resources with its origin.
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This also means that all file descriptors that are part of the nvlist will be
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duplicated with the
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.Xr dup 2
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system call before placing them in the clone.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_dump
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dumps nvlist content for debugging purposes to the given file descriptor
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.Fa fd .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_fdump
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dumps nvlist content for debugging purposes to the given file stream
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.Fa fp .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_size
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function returns the size of the given nvlist after converting it to binary
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buffer with the
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.Fn nvlist_pack
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function.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_pack
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function converts the given nvlist to a binary buffer.
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The function allocates memory for the buffer, which should be freed with the
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.Xr free 3
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function.
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If the
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.Fa sizep
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argument is not
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.Dv NULL ,
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the size of the buffer will be stored there.
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The function returns
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.Dv NULL
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in case of an error (allocation failure).
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If the nvlist contains any file descriptors
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.Dv NULL
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will be returned.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_unpack
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function converts the given buffer to the nvlist.
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The function returns
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.Dv NULL
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in case of an error.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_send
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function sends the given nvlist over the socket given by the
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.Fa sock
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argument.
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Note that nvlist that contains file descriptors can only be send over
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.Xr unix 4
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domain sockets.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_recv
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function receives nvlist over the socket given by the
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.Fa sock
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argument.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_xfer
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function sends the given nvlist over the socket given by the
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.Fa sock
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argument and receives nvlist over the same socket.
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The given nvlist is always destroyed.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_next
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function iterates over the given nvlist returning names and types of subsequent
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elements.
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The
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.Fa cookiep
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argument allows the function to figure out which element should be returned
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next.
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The
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.Va *cookiep
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should be set to
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.Dv NULL
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for the first call and should not be changed later.
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Returning
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.Dv NULL
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means there are no more elements on the nvlist.
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The
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.Fa typep
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argument can be NULL.
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Elements may not be removed from the nvlist while traversing it.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_exists
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function returns
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.Dv true
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if element of the given name exists (besides of its type) or
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.Dv false
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otherwise.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_exists_type
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function returns
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.Dv true
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if element of the given name and the given type exists or
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.Dv false
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otherwise.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_exists_null ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_bool ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_number ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_exists_binary
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functions return
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.Dv true
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if element of the given name and the given type determined by the function name
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exists or
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.Dv false
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otherwise.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_add_null ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_bool ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_number ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_stringf ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_stringv ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_add_binary
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functions add element to the given nvlist.
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When adding string or binary buffor the functions will allocate memory
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and copy the data over.
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When adding nvlist, the nvlist will be cloned and clone will be added.
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When adding descriptor, the descriptor will be duplicated using the
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.Xr dup 2
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system call and the new descriptor will be added.
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If an error occurs while adding new element, internal error is set which can be
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examined using the
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.Fn nvlist_error
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function.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_move_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_move_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_move_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_move_binary
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functions add new element to the given nvlist, but unlike
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.Fn nvlist_add_<type>
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functions they will consume the given resource.
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If an error occurs while adding new element, the resource is destroyed and
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internal error is set which can be examined using the
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.Fn nvlist_error
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function.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_get_bool ,
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.Fn nvlist_get_number ,
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.Fn nvlist_get_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_get_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_get_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_get_binary
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functions allow to obtain value of the given name.
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In case of string, nvlist, descriptor or binary, returned resource should
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not be modified - it still belongs to the nvlist.
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If element of the given name does not exist, the program will be aborted.
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To avoid that the caller should check for existence before trying to obtain
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the value or use
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.Xr dnvlist 3
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extension, which allows to provide default value for a missing element.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_take_bool ,
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.Fn nvlist_take_number ,
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.Fn nvlist_take_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_take_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_take_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_take_binary
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functions return value associated with the given name and remove the element
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from the nvlist.
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In case of string and binary values, the caller is responsible for free returned
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memory using the
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.Xr free 3
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function.
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In case of nvlist, the caller is responsible for destroying returned nvlist
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using the
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.Fn nvlist_destroy
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function.
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In case of descriptor, the caller is responsible for closing returned descriptor
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using the
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.Fn close 2
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system call.
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If element of the given name does not exist, the program will be aborted.
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To avoid that the caller should check for existence before trying to obtain
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the value or use
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.Xr dnvlist 3
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extension, which allows to provide default value for a missing element.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_free
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function removes element of the given name from the nvlist (besides of its type)
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and frees all resources associated with it.
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If element of the given name does not exist, the program will be aborted.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_free_type
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function removes element of the given name and the given type from the nvlist
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and frees all resources associated with it.
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If element of the given name and the given type does not exist, the program
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will be aborted.
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The nvlist must not be in error state.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn nvlist_free_null ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_bool ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_number ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_string ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_nvlist ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_descriptor ,
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.Fn nvlist_free_binary
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functions remove element of the given name and the given type determined by the
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function name from the nvlist and free all resources associated with it.
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|
If element of the given name and the given type does not exist, the program
|
|
will be aborted.
|
|
The nvlist must not be in error state.
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
The following example demonstrates how to prepare an nvlist and send it over
|
|
.Xr unix 4
|
|
domain socket.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
nvlist_t *nvl;
|
|
int fd;
|
|
|
|
fd = open("/tmp/foo", O_RDONLY);
|
|
if (fd < 0)
|
|
err(1, "open(\\"/tmp/foo\\") failed");
|
|
|
|
nvl = nvlist_create(0);
|
|
/*
|
|
* There is no need to check if nvlist_create() succeeded,
|
|
* as the nvlist_add_<type>() functions can cope.
|
|
* If it failed, nvlist_send() will fail.
|
|
*/
|
|
nvlist_add_string(nvl, "filename", "/tmp/foo");
|
|
nvlist_add_number(nvl, "flags", O_RDONLY);
|
|
/*
|
|
* We just want to send the descriptor, so we can give it
|
|
* for the nvlist to consume (that's why we use nvlist_move
|
|
* not nvlist_add).
|
|
*/
|
|
nvlist_move_descriptor(nvl, "fd", fd);
|
|
if (nvlist_send(sock, nvl) < 0) {
|
|
nvlist_destroy(nvl);
|
|
err(1, "nvlist_send() failed");
|
|
}
|
|
nvlist_destroy(nvl);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Receiving nvlist and getting data:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
nvlist_t *nvl;
|
|
const char *command;
|
|
char *filename;
|
|
int fd;
|
|
|
|
nvl = nvlist_recv(sock);
|
|
if (nvl == NULL)
|
|
err(1, "nvlist_recv() failed");
|
|
|
|
/* For command we take pointer to nvlist's buffer. */
|
|
command = nvlist_get_string(nvl, "command");
|
|
/*
|
|
* For filename we remove it from the nvlist and take
|
|
* ownership of the buffer.
|
|
*/
|
|
filename = nvlist_take_string(nvl, "filename");
|
|
/* The same for the descriptor. */
|
|
fd = nvlist_take_descriptor(nvl, "fd");
|
|
|
|
printf("command=%s filename=%s fd=%d\n", command, filename, fd);
|
|
|
|
nvlist_destroy(nvl);
|
|
free(filename);
|
|
close(fd);
|
|
/* command was freed by nvlist_destroy() */
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Iterating over nvlist:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
nvlist_t *nvl;
|
|
const char *name;
|
|
void *cookie;
|
|
int type;
|
|
|
|
nvl = nvlist_recv(sock);
|
|
if (nvl == NULL)
|
|
err(1, "nvlist_recv() failed");
|
|
|
|
cookie = NULL;
|
|
while ((name = nvlist_next(nvl, &type, &cookie)) != NULL) {
|
|
printf("%s=", name);
|
|
switch (type) {
|
|
case NV_TYPE_NUMBER:
|
|
printf("%ju", (uintmax_t)nvlist_get_number(nvl, name));
|
|
break;
|
|
case NV_TYPE_STRING:
|
|
printf("%s", nvlist_get_string(nvl, name));
|
|
break;
|
|
default:
|
|
printf("N/A");
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
printf("\\n");
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr close 2 ,
|
|
.Xr dup 2 ,
|
|
.Xr open 2 ,
|
|
.Xr err 3 ,
|
|
.Xr free 3 ,
|
|
.Xr printf 3 ,
|
|
.Xr unix 4
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm libnv
|
|
library appeared in
|
|
.Fx 11.0 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm libnv
|
|
library was implemented by
|
|
.An Pawel Jakub Dawidek Aq pawel@dawidek.net
|
|
under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
|