696 lines
14 KiB
Groff
696 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 5, 1993
|
|
.Dt HIER 7
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm hier
|
|
.Nd layout of filesystems
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "/stand/"
|
|
.It Li /
|
|
root directory of the filesystem
|
|
.It Li /bin/
|
|
user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
|
|
.It Li /boot/
|
|
programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width defaults/ -compact
|
|
.It Li defaults/
|
|
default bootstrapping configuration files; see
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li /dev/
|
|
block and character device files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
|
|
.It Li MAKEDEV
|
|
script for creating device files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr MAKEDEV 8
|
|
.It Li fd/
|
|
file descriptor files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr \&fd 4
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li /etc/
|
|
system configuration files and scripts
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact
|
|
.It Li defaults/
|
|
default system configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr rc 8
|
|
.It Li gnats/
|
|
gnats configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr send-pr 1
|
|
.It Li isdn/
|
|
isdn4bsd configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr isdnd 8
|
|
.It Li kerberosIV/
|
|
configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr kerberos 1
|
|
.It Li localtime
|
|
local timezone information;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr ctime 3
|
|
.It Li mail/
|
|
spam-filtering information
|
|
.It Li mtree/
|
|
mtree configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr mtree 8
|
|
.It Li namedb/
|
|
named configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr named 8
|
|
.It Li periodic/
|
|
scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
|
|
.Xr cron 8 ;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr periodic 8
|
|
.It Li ppp/
|
|
.Xr ppp 8
|
|
ppp configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr ppp 8
|
|
.It Li ssl/
|
|
OpenSSL configuration files
|
|
.It Li uucp/
|
|
uucp configuration files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr uucp 1
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li /kernel
|
|
pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
|
|
at boot time).
|
|
.It Li /modules/
|
|
loadable kernel modules;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr kldstat 8
|
|
.It Li /mnt/
|
|
empty directory commonly used by
|
|
system administrators as a temporary mount point
|
|
.It Li /proc/
|
|
process file system;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr procfs 5 ,
|
|
.Xr mount_procfs 8
|
|
.It Li /root/
|
|
root's HOME directory
|
|
.It Li /sbin/
|
|
system programs and administration utilities
|
|
fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
|
|
.It Li /stand/
|
|
programs used in a standalone environment
|
|
.It Li /tmp/
|
|
temporary files, usually a
|
|
.Xr mfs 8
|
|
memory-based filesystem (the contents
|
|
of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
|
|
.It Li /usr/
|
|
contains the majority of user utilities and applications
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
|
|
.It Li bin/
|
|
common utilities, programming tools, and applications
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
useful and semi-frivolous programs
|
|
.It Li include/
|
|
standard C include files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li arpa/
|
|
C include files for Internet service protocols
|
|
.It Li cam/
|
|
C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It scsi/
|
|
The SCSI device on top of CAM
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li dev/
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It usb/
|
|
The USB subsystem
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li g++/
|
|
GNU C++ include files
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li std/
|
|
GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li isofs/
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li cd9660/
|
|
iso9660 filesystem
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li kerberosIV/
|
|
C include files for kerberos authentication package;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr kerberos 1
|
|
.It Li machine/
|
|
machine specific C include files
|
|
.It Li msdosfs/
|
|
MS-DOS file system
|
|
.It Li net/
|
|
misc network C include files
|
|
.It Li netatalk/
|
|
Appletalk protocol
|
|
.It Li netatm/
|
|
ATM include files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr atm 8
|
|
.It Li netinet/
|
|
C include files for Internet standard protocols;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr inet 4
|
|
.It Li netinet6/
|
|
C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr inet6 4
|
|
.It Li netipx/
|
|
IPX/SPX protocol stacks
|
|
.It Li netkey/
|
|
kernel key-management service
|
|
.It Li netns/
|
|
Xerox NS protocols
|
|
.It Li nfs/
|
|
C include files for NFS (Network File System)
|
|
.It Li objc/
|
|
Objective C include files
|
|
.It Li openssl/
|
|
OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
|
|
.It Li pccard/
|
|
PC-CARD controllers
|
|
.It Li posix4/
|
|
POSIX real-time extensions includes;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr p1003_1b 9
|
|
.It Li protocols/
|
|
C include files for Berkeley service protocols
|
|
.It Li readline/
|
|
get a line from a user with editing;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr readline 3
|
|
.It Li rpc/
|
|
remote procedure calls;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr rpc 3
|
|
.It Li rpcsvc/
|
|
defintion of RPC service structures; see
|
|
.Xr rpc 3 .
|
|
.It Li security/
|
|
PAM; see
|
|
.Xr pam 8
|
|
.It Li ss/
|
|
MIT SIPB
|
|
.Sq subsystem
|
|
library, part of Kerberos IV.
|
|
.It Li sys/
|
|
system C include files (kernel data structures)
|
|
.\" .It Li tcl/
|
|
.\" Tcl language;
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" .Xr Tcl n
|
|
.\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.\" .It Li generic/
|
|
.\" ???
|
|
.\" .It Li unix/
|
|
.\" ???
|
|
.\" .El
|
|
.It Li ufs/
|
|
C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li ffs/
|
|
Fast filesystem
|
|
.It Li mfs/
|
|
memory file system;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr mount_mfs 8
|
|
.It Li ufs/
|
|
UFS filesystem
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li vm/
|
|
virtual memory;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr vmstat 8
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li lib/
|
|
archive libraries
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li compat/
|
|
shared libraries for compatibility
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li aout/
|
|
a.out backward compatibility libraries
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li libdata/
|
|
misc. utility data files
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li gcc/
|
|
???
|
|
.It Li lint/
|
|
various prebuilt lint libraries;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr lint 1
|
|
.It Li msdosfs/
|
|
Chatacter set conversion tables
|
|
.It Li perl/
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li 5.00503/
|
|
contains Perl modules for Perl version 5.00503;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr perl 1
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li stallion/
|
|
holding the download firmware images
|
|
.It Li tcl
|
|
???;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr Tcl n
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li libexec/
|
|
system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li aout/
|
|
utilities to manipulate a.out executables.
|
|
.It Li elf/
|
|
utilities to manipulate ELF executables.
|
|
.It Li lpr/
|
|
utilities and filters for LP print system;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr lpr 1
|
|
.It Li sm.bin/
|
|
restricted shell for sendmail;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr smrsh 8
|
|
.It Li uucp/
|
|
uucp utilities;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr uucp 1
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li local/
|
|
local executables, libraries, etc.
|
|
.br
|
|
Also used as the default destination for the
|
|
.Tn FreeBSD
|
|
ports framework.
|
|
Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
|
|
.Xr hier 7
|
|
for /usr
|
|
should be used. Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/
|
|
rather than under local/share/. Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/
|
|
.It Li mdec/
|
|
boot programs;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
.It Li obj/
|
|
architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
|
|
.It Li ports
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn FreeBSD
|
|
ports collection (optional).
|
|
.It Li sbin/
|
|
system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
|
|
.It Li share/
|
|
architecture-independent files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
|
|
.It Li calendar/
|
|
a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr calendar 1
|
|
.It Li dict/
|
|
word lists;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr look 1
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li words
|
|
common words
|
|
.It Li web2
|
|
words from Webster's 2nd International
|
|
.It Li papers/
|
|
reference databases;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr refer 1
|
|
.It Li special/
|
|
custom word lists;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr spell 1
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li doc/
|
|
misc documentation;
|
|
src for most of the printed
|
|
.Bx
|
|
manuals (available
|
|
from the
|
|
.Tn USENIX
|
|
association)
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li FAQ/
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions
|
|
.It Li handbook/
|
|
.Tn FreeBSD
|
|
Handbook
|
|
.It Li papers/
|
|
UNIX Papers
|
|
.It Li psd/
|
|
UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
|
|
.It Li smm/
|
|
UNIX System Manager's Manual
|
|
.It Li usd/
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li examples/
|
|
various examples for users and programmers
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
ASCII text files used by various games
|
|
.It Li groff_font/
|
|
device description file for device name
|
|
.It Li info/
|
|
GNU Info hypertext system
|
|
.It Li isdn/
|
|
ISDN
|
|
.It Li libg++/
|
|
libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
|
|
.It Li locale/
|
|
internationalization files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr setlocale 3
|
|
.It Li man/
|
|
manual pages
|
|
.It Li me/
|
|
macros for use with the me macro package
|
|
.It Li misc/
|
|
misc system-wide ASCII text files
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li fonts/
|
|
???
|
|
.It Li pcvtfonts/
|
|
pcvt fonts;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr pcvt 4
|
|
.It Li termcap
|
|
terminal characteristics database;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr termcap 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li mk/
|
|
templates for make;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr make 1
|
|
.It Li nls/
|
|
national language support files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr mklocale 1
|
|
.It Li pcvt/
|
|
pcvt documentation and etc examples;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr pcvt 4
|
|
.It Li perl/
|
|
perl library files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr perl 1
|
|
.It Li skel/
|
|
example . (dot) files for new accounts
|
|
.It Li syscons/
|
|
console staff;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr syscons 4
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "scrnmaps/xx" -compact
|
|
.It Li fonts/
|
|
console fonts;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr vidcontrol 1
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr vidfont 1
|
|
.It Li keymaps/
|
|
console keyboard maps;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr kbdcontrol 1
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr kbdmap 1
|
|
.It Li scrnmaps/
|
|
console screen maps
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li tabset/
|
|
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
|
|
the termcap file;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr termcap 5
|
|
.It Li tmac/
|
|
text processing macros;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr nroff 1
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr troff 1
|
|
.It Li vi/
|
|
localization support and utilities for
|
|
.Xr vi 1 .
|
|
.It Li zoneinfo/
|
|
timezone configuration information;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr tzfile 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li src/
|
|
BSD and/or local source files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li bin/
|
|
src for files in /bin
|
|
.It Li contrib/
|
|
src for file from contributed software
|
|
.It Li crypto
|
|
DES
|
|
.It Li etc/
|
|
src for files in /etc
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
src for files in /usr/games
|
|
.It Li gnu/
|
|
Utilities covered by the GNU Public License
|
|
.It Li include/
|
|
src for files in /usr/include
|
|
.It Li kerberosIV/
|
|
src for kerberos version IV
|
|
.It Li lib/
|
|
src for files in /usr/lib
|
|
.It Li libexec/
|
|
src for files in /usr/libexec
|
|
.It Li release/
|
|
files required to produce a
|
|
.Tn FreeBSD
|
|
release
|
|
.It Li sbin/
|
|
src for files in /sbin
|
|
.It Li secure
|
|
FreeSec sources
|
|
.It Li share/
|
|
src for files in /usr/share
|
|
.It Li sys/
|
|
kernel src files
|
|
.It Li tools/
|
|
tools used for maintaince and testing of FreeBSD
|
|
.It Li usr.bin/
|
|
src for files in /usr/bin
|
|
.It Li usr.sbin/
|
|
src for files in /usr/sbin
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li X11R6/
|
|
X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
|
|
.It Li bin/
|
|
X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
|
|
.It Li etc/
|
|
X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
|
|
.It Li include/
|
|
X11R6 include files.
|
|
.It Li lib/
|
|
X11R6 libraries.
|
|
.It Li man/
|
|
X11R6 manual pages.
|
|
.It Li share/
|
|
architecture independant files.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li /var/
|
|
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li account/
|
|
system accounting files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li acct
|
|
execution accounting file;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr acct 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li at/
|
|
timed command scheduling files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr \&at 1
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li jobs/
|
|
directory containing job files
|
|
.It Li spool/
|
|
directory containing output spool files
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li backups/
|
|
misc. backup files
|
|
.It Li crash/
|
|
default drectory to store kernel crash dumps; see
|
|
.Xr crash 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr savecore 8 .
|
|
.It Li cron/
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li log
|
|
cron log files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr cron 8
|
|
.It Li tabs/
|
|
crontab files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr crontab 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li db/
|
|
misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
misc. game status and score files
|
|
.It Li log/
|
|
misc. system log files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li wtmp
|
|
login/logout log;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr wtmp 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li mail/
|
|
user mailbox files
|
|
.It Li preserve/
|
|
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
|
|
of an editor;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr \&ex 1
|
|
.It Li msgs/
|
|
system messages database;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr msgs 1
|
|
.It Li quotas/
|
|
filesystem quota information files
|
|
.It Li run/
|
|
system information files describing various info about
|
|
system since it was booted
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li utmp
|
|
database of current users;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr utmp 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li rwho/
|
|
rwho data files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rwho 1 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ruptime 1
|
|
.It Li spool/
|
|
misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li ftp/
|
|
commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
|
|
.It Li mqueue/
|
|
undelivered mail queue;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr sendmail 8
|
|
.It Li output/
|
|
line printer spooling directories
|
|
.It Li secretmail/
|
|
secretmail spool directory;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr xget 1
|
|
.It Li uucp/
|
|
uucp spool directory
|
|
.It Li uucppublic/
|
|
commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li tmp/
|
|
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li vi.recover/
|
|
the directory where recovery files are stored
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li yp
|
|
the NIS maps
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr apropos 1 ,
|
|
.Xr find 1 ,
|
|
.Xr finger 1 ,
|
|
.Xr grep 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ls 1 ,
|
|
.Xr whatis 1 ,
|
|
.Xr whereis 1 ,
|
|
.Xr which 1 ,
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.Nm hier
|
|
manual page appeared in
|
|
.At v7 .
|