291 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
291 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991 Carnegie Mellon University
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.\"
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.\" $Id: bootpd.8,v 1.8 1998/02/03 07:30:22 charnier Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd November 06, 1993
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.Dt BOOTPD 8
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.Os "Carnegie Mellon University"
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm bootpd , bootpgw
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.Nd Internet Boot Protocol server/gateway
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm bootpd
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.Op Fl i
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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.Op Fl d Ar level
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.Op Fl c Ar chdir-path
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.Oo
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.Ar bootptab
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.Op Ar dumpfile
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.Oc
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.Nm bootpgw
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.Op Fl i
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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.Op Fl d Ar level
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.Ar server
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Bootpd
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implements an Internet Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server as defined in
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RFC951, RFC1532, and RFC1533.
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.Nm Bootpgw
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implements a simple BOOTP gateway which can be used to forward
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requests and responses between clients on one subnet and a
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BOOTP server (i.e.
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.Nm Ns )
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on another subnet. While either
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.Nm
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or
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.Nm bootpgw
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will forward BOOTREPLY packets, only
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.Nm bootpgw
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will forward BOOTREQUEST packets.
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.Pp
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One host on each network segment is normally configured to run either
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.Nm
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or
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.Nm bootpgw
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from
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.Xr inetd 8
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by including one of the following lines in the file
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.Pa /etc/inetd.conf :
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.Pp
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.Dl bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/bootpd bootpd /etc/bootptab
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.Dl bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/bootpgw bootpgw server
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.Pp
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This mode of operation is referred to as "inetd mode" and causes
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.Nm
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(or
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.Nm bootpgw )
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to be started only when a boot request arrives. If it does not
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receive another packet within fifteen minutes of the last one
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it received, it will exit to conserve system resources. The
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.Fl t
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option controls this timeout (see OPTIONS).
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.Pp
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It is also possible to run
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.Nm
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(or
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.Nm bootpgw )
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in "standalone mode" (without
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.Xr inetd 8 )
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by simply invoking it from a shell like any other regular command.
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Standalone mode is particularly useful when
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.Nm
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is used with a large configuration database, where the start up
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delay might otherwise prevent timely response to client requests.
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(Automatic start up in standalone mode can be done by invoking
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.Nm
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from within
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.Pa /etc/rc.local ,
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for example.)
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Standalone mode is less useful for
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.Nm bootpgw
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which
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has very little start up delay because
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it does not read a configuration file.
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.Pp
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Either program automatically detects whether it was invoked from inetd
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or from a shell and automatically selects the appropriate mode.
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The
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.Fl s
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or
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.Fl i
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option may be used to force standalone or inetd mode respectively
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(see OPTIONS).
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.Sh OPTIONS
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl t Ar timeout
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Specify the
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.Ar timeout
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value (in minutes) that a
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.Nm
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or
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.Nm bootpgw
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process will wait for a BOOTP packet before exiting.
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If no packets are received for
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.Ar timeout
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minutes, then the program will exit.
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A timeout value of zero means "run forever".
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In standalone mode, this option is forced to zero.
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.It Fl d Ar debug-level
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Set the
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.Ar debug-level
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variable that controls the amount of debugging messages generated.
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For example,
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.Fl d Ns 4
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or
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.Fl d
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4 will set the debugging level to 4.
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For compatibility with older versions of
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.Nm Ns ,
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omitting the numeric parameter (i.e. just
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.Fl d Ns )
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will simply increment the debug level by one.
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.It Fl c Ar chdir-path
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Set the current directory used by
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.Nm
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while checking the existence and size of client boot files. This is
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useful when client boot files are specified as relative pathnames, and
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.Nm
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needs to use the same current directory as the TFTP server
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(typically
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.Pa /tftpboot Ns ).
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This option is not recognized by
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.Nm bootpgw .
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.It Fl i
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Force inetd mode. This option is obsolete, but remains for
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compatibility with older versions of
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.Nm Ns .
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.It Fl s
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Force standalone mode. This option is obsolete, but remains for
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compatibility with older versions of
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.Nm Ns .
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.It Ar bootptab
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Specify the name of the configuration file from which
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.Nm
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loads its database of known clients and client options
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.Pf ( Nm bootpd
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only).
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.It Ar dumpfile
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Specify the name of the file that
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.Nm
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will dump its internal database into when it receives a
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SIGUSR1 signal
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.Pf ( Nm bootpd
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only). This option is only recognized if
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.Nm
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was compiled with the -DDEBUG flag.
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.It Ar server
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Specify the name of a BOOTP server to which
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.Nm bootpgw
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will forward all BOOTREQUEST packets it receives
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.Pf ( Nm bootpgw
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only).
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.El
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.Sh OPERATION
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Both
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.Nm
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and
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.Nm bootpgw
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operate similarly in that both listen for any packets sent to the
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.Em bootps
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port, and both simply forward any BOOTREPLY packets.
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They differ in their handling of BOOTREQUEST packets.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm bootpgw
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is started, it determines the address of a BOOTP server
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whose name is provided as a command line parameter. When
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.Nm bootpgw
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receives a BOOTREQUEST packet, it sets the "gateway address"
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and "hop count" fields in the packet and forwards the packet
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to the BOOTP server at the address determined earlier.
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Requests are forwarded only if they indicate that
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the client has been waiting for at least three seconds.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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is started it reads a configuration file, (normally
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.Pa /etc/bootptab Ns )
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that initializes the internal database of known clients and client
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options. This internal database is reloaded
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from the configuration file when
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.Nm
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receives a hangup signal (SIGHUP) or when it discovers that the
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configuration file has changed.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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receives a BOOTREQUEST packet, it
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.\" checks the modification time of the
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.\" configuration file and reloads the database if necessary. Then it
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looks for a database entry matching the client request.
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If the client is known,
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.Nm
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composes a BOOTREPLY packet using the database entry found above,
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and sends the reply to the client (possibly using a gateway).
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If the client is unknown, the request is discarded
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(with a notice if debug > 0).
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm
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is compiled with the -DDEBUG option, receipt of a SIGUSR1 signal causes
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it to dump its internal database to the file
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.Pa /tmp/bootpd.dump
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or the dumpfile specified as a command line parameter.
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.Pp
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During initialization, both programs
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determine the UDP port numbers to be used by calling
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.Xr getservbyname 3
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(which normally uses
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.Pa /etc/services Ns ).
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Two service names (and port numbers) are used:
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.Pp
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.Dl bootps BOOTP Server listening port
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.Dl bootpc BOOTP Client destination port
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.Pp
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If the port numbers cannot be determined using
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.Xr getservbyname 3
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then the values default to bootps=67 and bootpc=68.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /tmp/bootpd.dump -compact
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.It Pa /etc/bootptab
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Database file read by
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.Nm Ns .
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.It Pa /tmp/bootpd.dump
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Debugging dump file created by
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.Nm Ns .
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.It Pa /etc/services
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Internet service numbers.
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.It Pa /tftpboot
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Current directory typically used by the TFTP server and
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.Nm Ns .
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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Individual host entries must not exceed 1024 characters.
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.Sh CREDITS
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This distribution is currently maintained by
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.An Walter L. Wimer Aq walt+@cmu.edu .
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.Pp
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The original BOOTP server was created by
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.An Bill Croft
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at Stanford University in January 1986.
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.Pp
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The current version of
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.Nm
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is primarily the work of
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.An David Kovar ,
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.An Drew D. Perkins ,
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and
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.An Walter L. Wimer ,
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at Carnegie Mellon University.
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.Pp
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Enhancements and bug-fixes have been contributed by:
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.Pp
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(in alphabetical order)
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.Pp
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.An Danny Backx Aq db@sunbim.be
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.An John Brezak Aq brezak@ch.hp.com
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.An Frank da Cruz Aq fdc@cc.columbia.edu
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.An David R. Linn Aq drl@vuse.vanderbilt.edu
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.An Jim McKim Aq mckim@lerc.nasa.gov
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.An Gordon W. Ross Aq gwr@mc.com
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.An Jason Zions Aq jazz@hal.com .
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.Sh "SEE ALSO"
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.Xr bootptab 5 ,
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.Xr inetd 8 ,
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.Xr tftpd 8
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.Pp
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DARPA Internet Request For Comments:
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.Bl -tag -width RFC1533 -compact
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.It RFC951
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Bootstrap Protocol
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.It RFC1532
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Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap Protocol
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.It RFC1533
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DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions
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.El
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