7e6cabd06e
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point. Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu> Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
213 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
213 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)pwd_mkdb.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 5, 2014
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.Dt PWD_MKDB 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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.Nd "generate the password databases"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl BCilLNp
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.Op Fl d Ar directory
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.Op Fl s Ar cachesize
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.Op Fl u Ar username
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility creates
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.Xr db 3
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style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
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These databases are then installed into
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.Pa /etc/spwd.db
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and
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.Pa /etc/pwd.db
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respectively.
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The file is installed into
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.Pa /etc/master.passwd .
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The file must be in the correct format (see
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.Xr passwd 5 ) .
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It is important to note that the format used in this system is
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different from the historic Version 7 style format.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl C
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Check if the password file is in the correct format.
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Do not
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change, add, or remove any files.
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.It Fl N
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Tell
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.Nm
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to exit with an error if it cannot obtain a lock on the file.
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By default,
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we block waiting for a lock on the source file.
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The lock is held through
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the rebuilding of the database.
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.It Fl p
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Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
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.Pa /etc/passwd .
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.It Fl i
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Ignore locking failure of the
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.Pa master.passwd
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file.
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This option is intended to be used to build password files in
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the release process over NFS where no contention can happen.
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A non-default directory must also be specified with the
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.Fl d
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option for locking to be ignored.
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Other use of this option is strongly discouraged.
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.It Fl d Ar directory
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Store databases into specified destination directory instead of
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.Pa /etc .
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.It Fl u Ar username
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Only update the record for the specified user.
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Utilities that
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operate on a single user can use this option to avoid the
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overhead of rebuilding the entire database.
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.It Fl s Ar cachesize
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Specify in megabytes the size of the memory cache used by the
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hashing library.
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On systems with a large user base, a small cache
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size can lead to prohibitively long database file rebuild times.
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As a rough guide, the memory usage of
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.Nm
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in megabytes will be a little bit more than twice the figure
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specified here.
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The default is 2 megabytes.
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.El
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.Pp
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The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
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encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk (``*'')
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.Pp
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The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
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.Xr getpwent 3 ) .
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.Pp
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By default,
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the
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.Nm
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utility generates new,
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machine independent format
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.Pq v4
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entries only.
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For compatibility with
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.Fx 5.0
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and earlier releases,
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the
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.Fl l
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option may be specified,
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which enables generation of legacy format
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.Pq v3
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entries.
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The legacy format entries are endianness dependent.
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.Pp
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The following options may be specified and will affect the
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generation of legacy entries.
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl B
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Store data in big-endian format.
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.It Fl L
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Store data in little-endian format.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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If the
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.Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS
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environment variable is set,
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.Nm
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will suppress the warning messages that are
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normally generated for large user and group IDs.
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Such IDs can cause serious problems with software
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that makes assumptions about the values of IDs.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db
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The insecure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db
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The secure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The current password file.
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Regenerate the password database after manually editing or replacing
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the password file:
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.Bd -literal -offset -indent
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/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -p /etc/master.passwd
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.Ed
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
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.Nm ,
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.Xr mkpasswd 8 ,
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which built
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.Xr dbm 3
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style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
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to install them.
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The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
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not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr db 3 ,
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.Xr getpwent 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Sh BUGS
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Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr rename 2
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to install them.
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This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
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on the same file system as the
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.Pa /etc
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directory.
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.Pp
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There are the obvious races with multiple people running
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.Nm
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on different password files at the same time.
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The front-ends to
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.Nm ,
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1
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and
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.Xr vipw 8 ,
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handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.
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