798 lines
19 KiB
Groff
798 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Murray Stokely <murray@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 20, 2015
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.Dt RELEASE 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm release
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.Nd "release building infrastructure"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Fx
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provides a complete build environment suitable for users to make
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full releases of the
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.Fx
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operating system.
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All of the tools necessary to build a release are available from the
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.Fx
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source code repository in
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.Pa src/release .
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A complete release can actually be built with only a single command,
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including the creation of ISO images suitable for burning to CD-ROM,
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memory stick images, and an FTP install directory.
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This command is aptly named
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.Dq Li "make release" .
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.Pp
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For some users, it may be desirable to provide an absolutely clean
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build environment, with no local modifications to the source tree or to
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.Xr make.conf 5 ,
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and with clean checkouts of specific versions of the doc, src, and ports
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trees.
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For this purpose, a script
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.Pq Pa src/release/release.sh
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is provided to automate these checkouts and then execute
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.Dq Li "make release"
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in a clean
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.Xr chroot 8 .
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.Pp
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Before attempting to build a release, the user is expected to be
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familiar with the contents of
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.Xr build 7 ,
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and should have experience upgrading systems from source.
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.Pp
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The release build process requires that
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.Pa /usr/obj
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be populated with the output of
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.Dq Li "make buildworld"
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and
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.Dq Li "make buildkernel" .
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This is necessary to provide the object files for the release or, when
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using
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.Pa release.sh ,
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so that the object files for a complete system can be installed into a clean
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.Xr chroot 8
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environment.
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.Pp
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If the target release build is for a different architecture or machine type,
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the
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.Va TARGET
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and
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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variables must be used.
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See the supported
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.Fa release.conf
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variables for more information.
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.Pp
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The release procedure on some architectures may also require that the
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.Xr md 4
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(memory disk) device driver be present in the kernel
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.Pq either by being compiled in or available as a module .
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.Pp
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This document does not cover source code management, quality
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assurance, or other aspects of the release engineering process.
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.Sh CLEAN RELEASE GENERATION
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Official releases of
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.Fx
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are produced in a totally clean environment to
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ensure consistency between the versions of the src, ports, and doc trees
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and to avoid contamination from the host system
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.Po such as local patches, changes
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to
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.Xr make.conf 5 ,
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etc.
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.Pc .
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This is accomplished using the wrapper script
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.Pa src/release/release.sh .
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.Pp
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.Ic release.sh
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.Op Fl c Ar release.conf
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.Pp
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.Ic release.sh
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checks out the
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.Li src/ ,
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.Li ports/ ,
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and
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.Li doc/
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trees to
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.Va CHROOTDIR ,
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then calls
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.Dq Li "make buildworld"
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and
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.Dq Li "make installworld"
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to generate a
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.Xr chroot 8
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environment.
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Next,
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.Dq Li "make release"
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is run within the
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.Xr chroot 8
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environment and places the result in
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.Pa $CHROOTDIR/R .
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.Pp
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The optional
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.Fa release.conf
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configuration file supports the following variables:
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.Bl -tag -width Ev
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.It Va CHROOTDIR
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The directory within which the release will be built.
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.It Va CHROOT_MAKEENV
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Additional
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.Xr make 1
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arguments to pass through, which directly affect the
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tuning of the build chroot.
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.It Va SVNROOT
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The
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.Xr svn 1
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host used to check out the various trees.
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Defaults to
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.Pa svn://svn.FreeeBSD.org .
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.It Va SRCBRANCH
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The
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.Li src/
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branch to use.
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Defaults to
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.Va head/@rHEAD .
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.It Va DOCBRANCH
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The
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.Li doc/
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branch to use.
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Defaults to
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.Va head/@rHEAD .
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.It Va PORTBRANCH
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The
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.Li ports/
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branch to use.
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Defaults to
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.Va head/@rHEAD .
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.It Va TARGET
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The target machine type for cross-building a release.
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.It Va TARGET_ARCH
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The target machine architecture for cross-building a release.
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.Pp
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For the supported list of
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.Va TARGET
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and
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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combinations, consult the output of
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.Dq make targets
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as documented in
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.Xr build 7 .
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.It Va KERNEL
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The target kernel configuration to use.
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Defaults to
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.Va GENERIC .
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Multiple
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.Va KERNEL
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entries may be specified.
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.It Va MAKE_CONF
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The
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.Xr make.conf 5
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to use for the release build.
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Defaults to
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.Fa /dev/null
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to prevent polluting the release with local system changes.
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.It Va SRC_CONF
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The
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.Xr src.conf 5
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to use for the release build.
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Defaults to
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.Fa /dev/null
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to prevent polluting the release with local system changes.
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.It Va MAKE_FLAGS
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Additional flags to pass to
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.Xr make 1 .
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.It Va WORLD_FLAGS
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Additional flags to pass to
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.Xr make 1
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during the
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.Dq buildworld
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phase.
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Defaults to setting the number of
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.Xr make 1
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jobs
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.Pq Ar -j
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to the number of CPUs available on a SMP-capable system.
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.It Va KERNEL_FLAGS
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Additional flags to pass to
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.Xr make 1
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during the
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.Dq buildkernel
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phase.
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Defaults to setting the number of
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.Xr make 1
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jobs
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.Pq Ar -j
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to half the number of CPUs available on a SMP-capable system.
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.It Va NODOC
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Set to a non-empty value to skip the
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.Li doc/
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tree checkout.
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When set,
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.Va NODOC
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will prevent the
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.Fa doc.txz
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distribution package from being created.
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.It Va NOPORTS
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Set to a non-empty value to skip the
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.Li ports/
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tree checkout.
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When set,
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.Va NOPORTS
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will prevent the
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.Fa ports.txz
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distribution package from being created.
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Setting this also sets
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.Va NODOC .
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.It Va WITH_DVD
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Set to a non-empty value to include the
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.Cm dvdrom
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target.
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.It Va WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES
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Set to a non-empty value to compress the release images with
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.Xr xz 1 .
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The original
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.Pq uncompressed
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images are not removed.
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.It Va XZ_THREADS Pq Vt int
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Set to the number of threads
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.Xr xz 1
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should use when compressing images.
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By default,
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.Va XZ_THREADS
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is set to the number of cores reported by
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.Va kern.ncpu .
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.It Va VCSCMD
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The command run to obtain the source trees.
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Defaults to
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.Qq Cm svn checkout .
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.It Va CHROOTBUILD_SKIP
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If defined, the
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.Li buildworld ,
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.Li installworld ,
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and
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.Li distribution
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stages of the
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.Xr chroot 8
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build environment setup are skipped.
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This is intended solely for cases where the
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.Xr chroot 8
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userland are provided by alternate means.
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.It Va SRC_UPDATE_SKIP
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Set to a non-empty value to prevent checkout or update of
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.Fa /usr/src
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within the
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.Xr chroot 8 .
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This is intended for use only when
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.Fa /usr/src
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is expected to exist by alternative means.
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.It Va DOC_UPDATE_SKIP
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Set to a non-empty value to prevent checkout or update of
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.Fa /usr/doc
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within the
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.Xr chroot 8 .
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This is intended for use only when
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.Fa /usr/doc
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is expected to exist by alternative means.
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.It Va PORTS_UPDATE_SKIP
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Set to a non-empty value to prevent checkout or update of
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.Fa /usr/ports
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within the
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.Xr chroot 8 .
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This is intended for use only when
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.Fa /usr/ports
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is expected to exist by alternative means.
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.El
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.Sh EMBEDDED BUILDS
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The following
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.Fa release.conf
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variables are relevant only to release builds for embedded systems:
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.Bl -tag -width Ev
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.It Va EMBEDDEDBUILD
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Set to a non-null value to enable functionality for embedded device
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release builds.
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.Pq This option is considered highly experimental.
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.Pp
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When set,
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.Va WITH_DVD
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is unset, and
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.Va NODOC
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is defined.
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Additionally,
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.Va XDEV
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and
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.Va XDEV_ARCH
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must also be defined.
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When the build environment is created,
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.Fa release.sh
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runs a separate build script located in an architecture-specific
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directory in
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.Pa src/release/${XDEV}/ .
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.It Va EMBEDDEDPORTS
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Set to the list of any ports that are required for the target device
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in the format of
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.Fa category/port .
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The
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.Fa devel/subversion
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port is built by default.
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.It Va CROCHETSRC
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Set to the source URL for the Crochet build tool.
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.It Va CROCHETBRANCH
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Set to the subversion branch from
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.Va ${CROCHETSRC}
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to use.
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Defaults to
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.Pa trunk .
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.It Va UBOOTSRC
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Set to the source URL of u-boot, if required.
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.It Va UBOOTBRANCH
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Set to the subversion branch from
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.Va ${UBOOTSRC}
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to use.
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Defaults to
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.Pa trunk .
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.It Va UBOOTDIR
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Set to the target directory within
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.Va ${CHROOTDIR}
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to check out
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.Va ${UBOOTSRC}/${UBOOTBRANCH} .
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.El
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.Sh VIRTUAL MACHINE DISK IMAGES
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The following
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.Fa release.conf
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variables are relevant only to virtual machine disk image builds:
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.Bl -tag -width Ev
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.It Va WITH_VMIMAGES
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Set to a non-null value to build virtual machine disk images as part
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of the release build.
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.Va WITH_VMIMAGES
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may also be specified as an envirionment variable passed to
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.Xr make 1 .
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.Pp
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The option requires
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.Xr mkimg 1
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version 20140927 or later.
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.It Va WITH_COMPRESSED_VMIMAGES
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Set to a non-null value to compress the virtual machine disk images with
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.Xr xz 1
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as part of the
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.Cm install
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.Xr make 1
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target.
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Note that compressing virtual machine disk images may take a very long
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time on some systems.
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.It Va VMBASE
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Set to change the name of the resulting virtual machine disk image file.
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The default value is
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.Va vm .
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.It Va VMSIZE
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Set to change the size of the virtual machine disk capacity.
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The default value is
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.Va 20G .
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See
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.Xr truncate 1
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for valid values.
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.Pp
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Virtual machine disk images are, by default, created as sparse images.
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When
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.Va WITH_COMPRESSED_VMIMAGES
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is used, the resulting files compressed with
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.Xr xz 1
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compress to roughly the same size, regardless of the specified disk image
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size.
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.It Va VMFORMATS
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Set to the target virtual disk image format(s) to create.
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By default, the
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.Va vhdf , Va vmdk , Va qcow2 ,
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and
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.Va raw
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formats are created.
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See
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.Xr mkimg 1
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for valid format values
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.Pq requires version 20140927 or later .
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.El
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.Pp
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For a list of supported
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.Va VMFORMATS
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values
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.Pq including cloud hosting provider formats
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along with a brief description, run:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/src
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make -C release list-vmtargets
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.Ed
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.Sh CLOUD HOSTING MACHINE IMAGES
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The
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.Fx
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release build tools support building virtual machine images for various
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cloud hosting providers, each with their own specific configuration to
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include support for each hosting provider by default.
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.Pp
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The following
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.Xr make 1
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environment variables are supported:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ev
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.It Va CLOUDWARE
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|
Set to a list of one or more cloud hosting providers, enclosed in quotes.
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Requires
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.Va WITH_CLOUDWARE
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to also be set.
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.It Va WITH_CLOUDWARE
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Set to a non-empty value to enable building virtual machine images
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for various cloud hosting providers.
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Requires
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.Va CLOUDWARE
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to also be set.
|
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.El
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.Pp
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Additionally, the
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.Va CLOUDWARE
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and
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.Va WITH_CLOUDWARE
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variables can be added to
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.Pa release.conf ,
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and used in conjunction with
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.Pa release.sh .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For a list of supported
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.Va CLOUDWARE
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|
values, run:
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|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/src
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make -C release list-cloudware
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.Ed
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.Sh MAKEFILE TARGETS
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|
The release makefile
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|
.Pq Pa src/release/Makefile
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|
is fairly abstruse.
|
|
Most developers will only be concerned with the
|
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.Cm release
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|
and
|
|
.Cm install
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|
targets.
|
|
.\" XXX: Some sort of introduction to this list? All the others have one.
|
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm packagesystem"
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.It Cm release
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Meta-target to build all release media and distributions applicable to this
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platform.
|
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.It Cm install
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|
Copy all produced release media to
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.Pa ${DESTDIR} .
|
|
.It Cm cdrom
|
|
Builds installation CD-ROM images.
|
|
This may require the
|
|
.Xr md 4
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(memory disk) device driver be present in the kernel
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|
(either by being compiled in or available as a module).
|
|
This target produces files called
|
|
.Pa disc1.iso
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|
and
|
|
.Pa bootonly.iso
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|
as its output.
|
|
.It Cm dvdrom
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|
Builds installation DVD-ROM images.
|
|
This may require the
|
|
.Xr md 4
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|
(memory disk) device driver be present in the kernel
|
|
(either by being compiled in or available as a module).
|
|
This target produces the
|
|
.Pa dvd1.iso
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|
file as its output.
|
|
.It Cm memstick
|
|
Builds an installation memory stick image named
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|
.Pa memstick.img .
|
|
Not applicable on all platforms.
|
|
Requires that the
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|
.Xr md 4
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|
.Pq memory disk
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|
device driver be present in the kernel
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|
.Pq either by being compiled in or available as a module .
|
|
.It Cm mini-memstick
|
|
Similar to
|
|
.Cm memstick ,
|
|
with the exception that the installation distribution sets
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|
are not included.
|
|
.It Cm ftp
|
|
Creates a directory named
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|
.Pa ftp
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|
containing the distribution files used in network installations
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|
and suitable for upload to an FTP mirror.
|
|
.It Cm vm-image
|
|
Creates virtual machine disk images in various formats.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm vm-image
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|
target requires the
|
|
.Va WITH_VMIMAGES
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|
.Xr make 1
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|
envirionment variable to be set to a non-null value.
|
|
.It Cm vm-cloudware
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|
Builds
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|
.Fx
|
|
virtual machine images for various cloud hosting providers.
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|
See
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.Qq CLOUD HOSTING MACHINE IMAGES
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|
for implementation details.
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|
.It Cm list-cloudware
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|
Displays the list of valid
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.Va CLOUDWARE
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values.
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|
.It Cm list-vmtargets
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|
Displays the list of valid
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.Va VMFORMAT
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and
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.Va CLOUDWARE
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|
values.
|
|
.El
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|
.Pp
|
|
Major subtargets called by targets above:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm packagesystem"
|
|
.It Cm packagesystem
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|
Generates all the distribution archives
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|
.Pq base, kernel, ports, doc
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|
applicable on this platform.
|
|
.It Cm disc1
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|
Builds a bootable installation system containing all the distribution files
|
|
packaged by the
|
|
.Cm packagesystem
|
|
target, and suitable for imaging by the
|
|
.Cm cdrom ,
|
|
.Cm dvdrom
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|
and
|
|
.Cm memstick
|
|
targets.
|
|
.It Cm reldoc
|
|
Builds the release documentation.
|
|
This includes the release notes,
|
|
hardware guide, and installation instructions.
|
|
Other documentation, such as the Handbook,
|
|
is built during the
|
|
.Cm base.txz
|
|
target invoked by
|
|
.Cm packagesystem .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
Optional variables:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev TARGET_ARCH"
|
|
.It Ev OSRELEASE
|
|
Optional base name for generated media images
|
|
.Pq e.g., FreeBSD-9.0-RC2-amd64 .
|
|
Defaults to the output of
|
|
.Ic `uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -p`
|
|
within the chroot.
|
|
.It Ev WORLDDIR
|
|
Location of a directory containing the src tree.
|
|
By default, the directory
|
|
above the one containing the makefile
|
|
.Pq Pa src .
|
|
.It Ev PORTSDIR
|
|
Location of a directory containing the ports tree.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports .
|
|
If it is unset or cannot be found, ports will not be included in the release.
|
|
.It Ev DOCDIR
|
|
Location of a directory containing the doc tree.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Pa /usr/doc .
|
|
If it is unset or cannot be found, most documentation will not be included in
|
|
the release; see
|
|
.Ev NODOC
|
|
below.
|
|
.It Ev NOPORTS
|
|
If defined, the Ports Collection will be omitted from the release.
|
|
.It Ev NOSRC
|
|
If set, do not include system source code in the release.
|
|
.It Ev NODOC
|
|
If defined, the XML-based documentation from the
|
|
.Fx
|
|
Documentation Project will not be built.
|
|
However, the
|
|
.Dq doc
|
|
distribution will still be created with the minimal documentation set
|
|
provided in
|
|
.Pa src/share/doc .
|
|
.It Ev TARGET
|
|
The target hardware platform.
|
|
This is analogous to the
|
|
.Dq Nm uname Fl m
|
|
output.
|
|
This is necessary to cross-build some target architectures.
|
|
For example, cross-building for PC98 machines requires
|
|
.Ev TARGET_ARCH Ns = Ns Li i386
|
|
and
|
|
.Ev TARGET Ns = Ns Li pc98 .
|
|
If not set,
|
|
.Ev TARGET
|
|
defaults to the current hardware platform.
|
|
.It Ev TARGET_ARCH
|
|
The target machine processor architecture.
|
|
This is analogous to the
|
|
.Dq Nm uname Fl p
|
|
output.
|
|
Set this to cross-build for a different architecture.
|
|
If not set,
|
|
.Ev TARGET_ARCH
|
|
defaults to the current machine architecture, unless
|
|
.Ev TARGET
|
|
is also set, in which case it defaults to the appropriate
|
|
value for that platform.
|
|
Typically, one only needs to set
|
|
.Ev TARGET .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -compact -width Pa
|
|
.It Pa /usr/doc/Makefile
|
|
.It Pa /usr/doc/share/mk/doc.project.mk
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.sites.mk
|
|
.It Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile.inc1
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/Makefile
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/Makefile.vm
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/release.sh
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/release.conf.sample
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/tools/*.conf
|
|
.It Pa /usr/src/release/tools/vmimage.subr
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
The following sequence of commands can be used to build a
|
|
.Dq "-CURRENT snapshot":
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /usr
|
|
svn co svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/head src
|
|
cd src
|
|
make buildworld buildkernel
|
|
cd release
|
|
make release
|
|
make install DESTDIR=/var/freebsd-snapshot
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After running these commands, all produced distribution files (tarballs
|
|
for FTP, CD-ROM images, etc.) are available in the
|
|
.Pa /var/freebsd-snapshot
|
|
directory.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following sequence of commands can be used to build a
|
|
.Dq "-CURRENT snapshot"
|
|
in a clean environment, including ports and documentation:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /usr/src/release
|
|
sh release.sh
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, a configuration file can be used customize the release build,
|
|
such as the subversion revision to use, the branch of the subversion tree for
|
|
.Li src/ ,
|
|
.Li ports/ ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Li doc/ .
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /usr/src/release
|
|
sh release.sh -c $HOME/release.conf
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After running these commands, all prepared release files are available in the
|
|
.Pa /scratch
|
|
directory.
|
|
The target directory can be changed by specifying the
|
|
.Va CHROOTDIR
|
|
variable in
|
|
.Li release.conf .
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr cc 1 ,
|
|
.Xr install 1 ,
|
|
.Xr make 1 ,
|
|
.Xr svn 1 Pq Pa ports/devel/subversion ,
|
|
.Xr uname 1 ,
|
|
.Xr md 4 ,
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr build 7 ,
|
|
.Xr ports 7 ,
|
|
.Xr chroot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mtree 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "FreeBSD Release Engineering"
|
|
.%U http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "FreeBSD Release Engineering of Third Party Packages"
|
|
.%U http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng-packages/
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "FreeBSD Developers' Handbook"
|
|
.%U http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
.Fx
|
|
1.x
|
|
used a manual checklist, compiled by
|
|
.An Rod Grimes ,
|
|
to produce a release.
|
|
Apart from being incomplete, the list put a lot of specific demands on
|
|
available file systems and was quite torturous to execute.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As part of the
|
|
.Fx 2.0
|
|
release engineering effort, significant
|
|
effort was spent getting
|
|
.Pa src/release/Makefile
|
|
into a shape where it could at least automate most of the tediousness
|
|
of building a release in a sterile environment.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Fx 9.0
|
|
release,
|
|
.Pa src/release/Makefile
|
|
was overhauled and the wrapper script
|
|
.Pa src/release/generate-release.sh
|
|
introduced to support the introduction of a new installer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Fx 9.2
|
|
release,
|
|
.Pa src/release/release.sh
|
|
was introduced to support per-build configuration files.
|
|
.Pa src/release/release.sh
|
|
is heavily based on the
|
|
.Pa src/release/generate-release.sh
|
|
script.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
At near 1000 revisions spread over multiple branches, the
|
|
.Xr svn 1
|
|
log of
|
|
.Pa src/release/Makefile
|
|
contains a vivid historical record of some
|
|
of the hardships release engineers go through.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.Pa src/release/Makefile
|
|
was originally written by
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
.An Rod Grimes ,
|
|
.An Jordan Hubbard ,
|
|
and
|
|
.An Poul-Henning Kamp .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This manual page was originally written by
|
|
.An Murray Stokely Aq Mt murray@FreeBSD.org .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It was updated by
|
|
.An Nathan Whitehorn Aq Mt nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org
|
|
to include the
|
|
.Fa generate-release.sh
|
|
script used for the
|
|
.Fx 9.0
|
|
release cycle.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It was later updated by
|
|
.An Glen Barber Aq Mt gjb@FreeBSD.org
|
|
to include the
|
|
.Fa release.sh
|
|
script used for the
|
|
.Fx 9.2
|
|
release cycle.
|