362 lines
9.4 KiB
Groff
362 lines
9.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)vmstat.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 21, 2006
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.Dt VMSTAT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm vmstat
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.Nd report virtual memory statistics
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.\" .Op Fl fimst
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.Op Fl afHhimPsz
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.Op Fl c Ar count
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.Op Fl M Ar core Op Fl N Ar system
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.Op Fl w Ar wait
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.Op Fl n Ar devs
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.Oo
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.Fl p
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.Sm off
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.Ar type , if , pass
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.Sm on
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.Oc
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.Op Ar disks
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility reports certain kernel statistics kept about process, virtual memory,
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disk, trap and cpu activity.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fl M
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option is not specified, information is obtained from
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the currently running kernel via the
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.Xr sysctl 3
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interface.
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Otherwise, information is read from the specified core file,
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using the name list from the specified kernel image (or from
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the default image).
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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When used with
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.Fl i ,
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include statistics about interrupts that have never been generated.
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.It Fl c
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Repeat the display
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.Ar count
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times.
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The first display is for the time since a reboot and each subsequent
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report is for the time period since the last display.
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If no repeat
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.Ar count
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is specified, and
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.Fl w
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is specified, the default is infinity, otherwise the default is one.
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.It Fl f
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Report on the number
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.Xr fork 2 ,
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.Xr vfork 2
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and
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.Xr rfork 2
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system calls since system startup, and the number of pages of virtual memory
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involved in each.
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.It Fl h
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Changes memory columns into more easily human readable form. Default if
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standard output is a terminal device.
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.It Fl H
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Changes memory columns into straight numbers. Default if standard output
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is not a terminal device (such as a script).
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.It Fl i
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Report on the number of interrupts taken by each device since system
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startup.
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified
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.Ar core .
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.It Fl N
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If
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.Fl M
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is also specified,
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extract the name list from the specified
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.Ar system
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instead of the default,
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which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
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.It Fl m
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Report on the usage of kernel dynamic memory allocated using
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.Xr malloc 9
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by type.
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.It Fl n
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Change the maximum number of disks to display from the default of 2.
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.It Fl P
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Report per-cpu system/user/idle cpu statistics.
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.It Fl p
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Specify which types of devices to display.
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There are three different
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categories of devices:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It device type:
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.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
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.It da
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Direct Access devices
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.It sa
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Sequential Access devices
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.It printer
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Printers
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.It proc
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Processor devices
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.It worm
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Write Once Read Multiple devices
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.It cd
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CD devices
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.It scanner
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Scanner devices
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.It optical
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Optical Memory devices
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.It changer
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Medium Changer devices
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.It comm
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Communication devices
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.It array
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Storage Array devices
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.It enclosure
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Enclosure Services devices
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.It floppy
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Floppy devices
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.El
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.Pp
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.It interface:
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.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
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.It IDE
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Integrated Drive Electronics devices
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.It SCSI
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Small Computer System Interface devices
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.It other
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Any other device interface
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.El
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.Pp
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.It passthrough:
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.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
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.It pass
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Passthrough devices
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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The user must specify at least one device type, and may specify at most
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one device type from each category.
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Multiple device types in a single
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device type statement must be separated by commas.
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.Pp
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Any number of
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.Fl p
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arguments may be specified on the command line.
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All
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.Fl p
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arguments are ORed together to form a matching expression against which
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all devices in the system are compared.
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Any device that fully matches
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any
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.Fl p
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argument will be included in the
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.Nm
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output, up to two devices, or the maximum number of devices specified
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by the user.
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.It Fl s
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Display the contents of the
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.Em sum
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structure, giving the total number of several kinds of paging related
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events which have occurred since system startup.
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.\" .It Fl t
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.\" Report on the number of page in and page reclaims since system startup,
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.\" and the amount of time required by each.
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.It Fl w
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Pause
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.Ar wait
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seconds between each display.
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If no repeat
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.Ar wait
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interval is specified, the default is 1 second.
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The
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.Nm
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command will accept and honor a non-integer number of seconds.
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.It Fl z
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Report on memory used by the kernel zone allocator,
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.Xr uma 9 ,
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by zone.
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.El
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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displays the following information:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It procs
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Information about the numbers of processes in various states.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It r
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in run queue
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.It b
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blocked for resources (i/o, paging, etc.)
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.It w
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runnable or short sleeper (< 20 secs) but swapped
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.El
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.It memory
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Information about the usage of virtual and real memory.
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Virtual pages (reported in units of 1024 bytes) are considered active if
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they belong to processes which are running or have run in the last 20
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seconds.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It avm
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active virtual pages
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.It fre
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size of the free list
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.El
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.It page
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Information about page faults and paging activity.
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These are averaged each five seconds, and given in units per second.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It flt
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total number of page faults
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.It re
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page reclaims (simulating reference bits)
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.\" .It at
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.\" pages attached (found in free list)
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.It pi
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pages paged in
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.It po
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pages paged out
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.It fr
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pages freed per second
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.\" .It de
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.\" anticipated short term memory shortfall
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.It sr
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pages scanned by clock algorithm, per-second
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.El
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.It disks
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Disk operations per second (this field is system dependent).
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Typically paging will be split across the available drives.
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The header of the field is the first two characters of the disk name and
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the unit number.
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If more than two disk drives are configured in the system,
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.Nm
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displays only the first two drives, unless the user specifies the
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.Fl n
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argument to increase the number of drives displayed.
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This will probably
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cause the display to exceed 80 columns, however.
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To force
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.Nm
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to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the command line.
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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defaults to show disks first, and then various other random devices in the
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system to add up to two devices, if there are that many devices in the
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system.
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If devices are specified on the command line, or if a device type
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matching pattern is specified (see above),
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.Nm
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will only display the given devices or the devices matching the pattern,
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and will not randomly select other devices in the system.
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.It faults
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Trap/interrupt rate averages per second over last 5 seconds.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It in
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device interrupts per interval (including clock interrupts)
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.It sy
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system calls per interval
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.It cs
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cpu context switch rate (switches/interval)
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.El
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.It cpu
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Breakdown of percentage usage of CPU time.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It us
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user time for normal and low priority processes
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.It sy
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system time
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.It id
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cpu idle
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.El
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
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.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
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default kernel namelist
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.It Pa /dev/kmem
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default memory file
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The command:
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.Dl vmstat -w 5
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will print what the system is doing every five
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seconds; this is a good choice of printing interval since this is how often
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some of the statistics are sampled in the system.
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Others vary every second and running the output for a while will make it
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apparent which are recomputed every second.
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.Pp
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The command:
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.Dl vmstat -p da -p cd -w 1
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will tell vmstat to select the first two direct access or CDROM devices
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and display statistics on those devices, as well as other systems
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statistics every second.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fstat 1 ,
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.Xr netstat 1 ,
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.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
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.Xr ps 1 ,
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.Xr systat 1 ,
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.Xr libmemstat 3 ,
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.Xr gstat 8 ,
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.Xr iostat 8 ,
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.Xr pstat 8 ,
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.Xr sysctl 8 ,
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.Xr malloc 9 ,
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.Xr uma 9
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.Pp
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The sections starting with ``Interpreting system activity'' in
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.%T "Installing and Operating 4.3BSD" .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Fl c
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and
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.Fl w
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options are only available with the default output.
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