344 lines
9.1 KiB
Groff
344 lines
9.1 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
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.\" its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
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.\" granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
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.\" permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
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.\" supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
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.\" in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
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.\" software without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. makes
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.\" no representations about the suitability of this software for any
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.\" purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
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.\" warranty.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''. M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
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.\" ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
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.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
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.\" SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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.\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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.\" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
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.\" USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
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.\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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.\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
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.\" OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.Dd October 8, 1996
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.Os
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.Dt RTENTRY 9
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rtentry
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.Nd structure of an entry in the kernel routing table
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/types.h
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.In sys/socket.h
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.In net/route.h
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The kernel provides a common mechanism by which all protocols can store
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and retrieve entries from a central table of routes.
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Parts of this
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mechanism are also used to interact with user-level processes by means
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of a socket in the
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.Xr route 4
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pseudo-protocol family.
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The
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.In net/route.h
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header file defines the structures and manifest constants used in this
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facility.
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.Pp
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The basic structure of a route is defined by
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.Dq Li struct rtentry ,
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which includes the following fields:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 6n
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct radix_node rt_nodes[2]" ;
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.Xc
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Glue used by the radix-tree routines.
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These members also include in
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their substructure the key (i.e., destination address) and mask used
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when the route was created.
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The
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.Fn rt_key \&rt
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and
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.Fn rt_mask \&rt
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macros can be used to extract this information (in the form of a
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.Dq Li "struct sockaddr *" )
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given a
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.Li "struct rtentry *" .
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct sockaddr *rt_gateway" ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Dq target
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of the route, which can either represent a destination in its own
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right (some protocols will put a link-layer address here), or some
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intermediate stop on the way to that destination (if the
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.Dv RTF_GATEWAY
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flag is set).
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.It Xo
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.Vt "long rt_refcnt" ;
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.Xc
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Route entries are reference-counted; this field indicates the number
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of external (to the radix tree) references.
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If the
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.Dv RTF_UP
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flag is not present, the
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.Fn rtfree
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function will delete the route from the radix tree when the last
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reference drops.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rt_flags" ;
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.Xc
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See below.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct ifnet *rt_ifp" ;
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.Xc
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct ifaddr *rt_ifa" ;
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.Xc
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These two fields represent the
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.Dq answer ,
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as it were, to the question posed by a route lookup; that is, they
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name the interface and interface address to be used in sending a
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packet to the destination or set of destinations which this route
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represents.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct sockaddr *rt_genmask" ;
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.Xc
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When the
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.Fn rtalloc
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family of functions performs a cloning operation as requested by the
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.Dv RTF_CLONING
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or
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.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
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flag, this field is used as the mask for the new route which is
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inserted into the table.
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If this field is a null pointer, then a host
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route is generated.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "caddr_t rt_llinfo" ;
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.Xc
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When the
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.Dv RTF_LLINFO
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flag is set, this field contains information specific to the link
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layer represented by the named interface address. (It is normally
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managed by the
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.Fn rt_ifa->ifa_rtrequest
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routine.) Protocols such as
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.Xr arp 4
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use this field to reference per-destination state internal to that
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protocol.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct rt_metrics rt_rmx" ;
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.Xc
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See below.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct rtentry *rt_gwroute" ;
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.Xc
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This member is a reference to a route whose destination is
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.Li rt_gateway .
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It is only used for
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.Dv RTF_GATEWAY
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routes.
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.\" .It Dv "int (*rt_output)();"
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.\" See below.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "struct rtentry *rt_parent" ;
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.Xc
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A reference to the route from which this route was cloned, or a null
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pointer if this route was not generated by cloning.
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See also the
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.Dv RTF_WASCLONED
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flag.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following flag bits are defined:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width RTF_CHAINDELETE -compact
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.It Dv RTF_UP
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The route is not deleted.
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.It Dv RTF_GATEWAY
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The route points to an intermediate destination and not the ultimate
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recipient; the
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.Li rt_gateway
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and
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.Li rt_gwroute
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fields name that destination.
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.It Dv RTF_HOST
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This is a host route.
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.It Dv RTF_REJECT
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The destination is presently unreachable.
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This should result in an
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.Er EHOSTUNREACH
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error from output routines.
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.It Dv RTF_DYNAMIC
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This route was created dynamically by
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.Fn rtredirect .
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.It Dv RTF_MODIFIED
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This route was modified by
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.Fn rtredirect .
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.It Dv RTF_DONE
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Used only in the
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.Xr route 4
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protocol, indicating that the request was executed.
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.It Dv RTF_CLONING
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When this route is returned as a result of a lookup, automatically
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create a new route using this one as a template and
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.Li rt_genmask
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(if present) as a mask.
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.It Dv RTF_XRESOLVE
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When this route is returned as a result of a lookup, send a report on
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the
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.Xr route 4
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interface requesting that an external process perform resolution for
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this route. (Used in conjunction with
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.Dv RTF_CLONING . )
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.It Dv RTF_LLINFO
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Indicates that this route represents information being managed by a
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link layer's adaptation layer (e.g.,
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.Tn ARP ) .
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.It Dv RTF_STATIC
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Indicates that this route was manually added by means of the
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.Xr route 8
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command.
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.It Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE
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Requests that output sent via this route be discarded.
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.It Dv RTF_PROTO1
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.It Dv RTF_PROTO2
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.It Dv RTF_PROTO3
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Protocol-specific.
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.It Dv RTF_PRCLONING
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Like
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.Dv RTF_CLONING ,
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only managed by an entire protocol. (E.g.,
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.Tn IP
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uses this flag to manage a per-host cache integrated with the routing
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table, for those destinations which do not have a link layer
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performing this function.)
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.It Dv RTF_WASCLONED
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Indicates that this route was generated as a result of cloning
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requested by the
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.Dv RTF_CLONING
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or
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.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
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flag.
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When set, the
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.Li rt_parent
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field indicates the route from which this one was generated.
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.It Dv RTF_PINNED
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(Reserved for future use to indicate routes which are not to be
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modified by a routing protocol.)
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.It Dv RTF_LOCAL
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Indicates that the destination of this route is an address configured
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as belonging to this system.
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.It Dv RTF_BROADCAST
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Indicates that the destination is a broadcast address.
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.It Dv RTF_MULTICAST
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Indicates that the destination is a multicast address.
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.El
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.Pp
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Every route has associated with it a set of metrics, defined by
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.Li struct rt_metrics :
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 6n
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_locks" ;
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.Xc
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Flag bits indicating which metrics the kernel is not permitted to
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dynamically modify.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_mtu" ;
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.Xc
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MTU for this path.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_hopcount" ;
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.Xc
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Number of intermediate systems on the path to this destination.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_expire" ;
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.Xc
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The time
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(a la
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.Xr time 3 )
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at which this route should expire, or zero if it should never expire.
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It is the responsibility of individual protocol suites to ensure that routes
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are actually deleted once they expire.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_recvpipe" ;
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.Xc
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Nominally, the bandwidth-delay product for the path
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.Em from
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the destination
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.Em to
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this system.
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In practice, this value is used to set the size of the
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receive buffer (and thus the window in sliding-window protocols like
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.Tn TCP ) .
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_sendpipe" ;
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.Xc
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As before, but in the opposite direction.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_ssthresh" ;
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.Xc
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The slow-start threshold used in
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.Tn TCP
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congestion-avoidance.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_rtt" ;
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.Xc
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The round-trip time to this destination, in units of
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.Dv RMX_RTTUNIT
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per second.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_rttvar" ;
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.Xc
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The average deviation of the round-type time to this destination, in
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units of
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.Dv RMX_RTTUNIT
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per second.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_pksent" ;
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.Xc
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A count of packets successfully sent via this route.
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.It Xo
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.Vt "u_long rmx_filler[4]" ;
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.Xc
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.\" XXX badly named
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Empty space available for protocol-specific information.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr route 4 ,
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.Xr route 8 ,
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.Xr rtalloc 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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structure first appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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The radix-tree representation of the routing table and the
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.Nm rt_metrics
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structure first appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 reno .
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The
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.Nm RTF_PRCLONING
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mechanism first appeared in
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.Fx 2.0 .
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.Sh BUGS
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There are a number of historical relics remaining in this interface.
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The
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.Li rt_gateway
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and
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.Li rmx_filler
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fields could be named better.
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.Pp
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There is some disagreement over whether it is legitimate for
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.Dv RTF_LLINFO
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to be set by any process other than
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.Fn rt_ifa->ifa_rtrequest .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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This manual page was written by
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.An Garrett Wollman .
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