314 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
314 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
.\" -*- nroff -*-
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Doug Rabson
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 18, 2009
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.Dt TASKQUEUE 9
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm taskqueue
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.Nd asynchronous task execution
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/param.h
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.In sys/kernel.h
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.In sys/malloc.h
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.In sys/queue.h
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.In sys/taskqueue.h
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.Bd -literal
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typedef void (*task_fn_t)(void *context, int pending);
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typedef void (*taskqueue_enqueue_fn)(void *context);
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struct task {
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STAILQ_ENTRY(task) ta_link; /* link for queue */
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u_short ta_pending; /* count times queued */
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u_short ta_priority; /* priority of task in queue */
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task_fn_t ta_func; /* task handler */
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void *ta_context; /* argument for handler */
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};
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.Ed
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.Ft struct taskqueue *
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.Fn taskqueue_create "const char *name" "int mflags" "taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue" "void *context"
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.Ft struct taskqueue *
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.Fn taskqueue_create_fast "const char *name" "int mflags" "taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue" "void *context"
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.Ft void
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.Fn taskqueue_free "struct taskqueue *queue"
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.Ft int
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue "struct taskqueue *queue" "struct task *task"
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.Ft int
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue_fast "struct taskqueue *queue" "struct task *task"
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.Ft void
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.Fn taskqueue_drain "struct taskqueue *queue" "struct task *task"
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.Ft int
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.Fn taskqueue_member "struct taskqueue *queue" "struct thread *td"
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.Fn TASK_INIT "struct task *task" "int priority" "task_fn_t *func" "void *context"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DECLARE "name"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE "name" "taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue" "void *context" "init"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE "name" "taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue" "void *context" "init"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD "name"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD "name"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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These functions provide a simple interface for asynchronous execution
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of code.
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn taskqueue_create
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is used to create new queues.
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The arguments to
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.Fn taskqueue_create
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include a name that should be unique,
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a set of
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.Xr malloc 9
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flags that specify whether the call to
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.Fn malloc
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is allowed to sleep,
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a function that is called from
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue
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when a task is added to the queue,
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and a pointer to the memory location where the identity of the
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thread that services the queue is recorded.
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.\" XXX The rest of the sentence gets lots in relation to the first part.
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The function called from
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue
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must arrange for the queue to be processed
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(for instance by scheduling a software interrupt or waking a kernel
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thread).
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The memory location where the thread identity is recorded is used
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to signal the service thread(s) to terminate--when this value is set to
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zero and the thread is signaled it will terminate.
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If the queue is intended for use in fast interrupt handlers
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.Fn taskqueue_create_fast
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should be used in place of
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.Fn taskqueue_create .
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn taskqueue_free
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should be used to free the memory used by the queue.
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Any tasks that are on the queue will be executed at this time after
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which the thread servicing the queue will be signaled that it should exit.
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.Pp
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To add a task to the list of tasks queued on a taskqueue, call
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue
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with pointers to the queue and task.
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If the task's
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.Va ta_pending
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field is non-zero,
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then it is simply incremented to reflect the number of times the task
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was enqueued.
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Otherwise,
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the task is added to the list before the first task which has a lower
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.Va ta_priority
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value or at the end of the list if no tasks have a lower priority.
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Enqueueing a task does not perform any memory allocation which makes
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it suitable for calling from an interrupt handler.
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This function will return
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.Er EPIPE
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if the queue is being freed.
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue_fast
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should be used in place of
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue
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when the enqueuing must happen from a fast interrupt handler.
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This method uses spin locks to avoid the possibility of sleeping in the fast
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interrupt context.
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.Pp
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When a task is executed,
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first it is removed from the queue,
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the value of
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.Va ta_pending
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is recorded and then the field is zeroed.
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The function
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.Va ta_func
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from the task structure is called with the value of the field
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.Va ta_context
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as its first argument
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and the value of
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.Va ta_pending
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as its second argument.
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After the function
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.Va ta_func
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returns,
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.Xr wakeup 9
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is called on the task pointer passed to
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn taskqueue_drain
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function is used to wait for the task to finish.
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There is no guarantee that the task will not be
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enqueued after call to
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.Fn taskqueue_drain .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn taskqueue_member
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function returns
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.No 1
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if the given thread
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.Fa td
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is part of the given taskqueue
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.Fa queue
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and
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.No 0
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otherwise.
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.Pp
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A convenience macro,
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.Fn TASK_INIT "task" "priority" "func" "context"
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is provided to initialise a
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.Va task
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structure.
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The values of
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.Va priority ,
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.Va func ,
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and
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.Va context
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are simply copied into the task structure fields and the
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.Va ta_pending
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field is cleared.
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.Pp
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Five macros
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DECLARE "name" ,
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE "name" "enqueue" "context" "init" ,
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE "name" "enqueue" "context" "init" ,
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and
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD "name"
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD "name"
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are used to declare a reference to a global queue, to define the
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implementation of the queue, and declare a queue that uses its own thread.
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The
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE
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macro arranges to call
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.Fn taskqueue_create
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with the values of its
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.Va name ,
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.Va enqueue
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and
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.Va context
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arguments during system initialisation.
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After calling
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.Fn taskqueue_create ,
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the
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.Va init
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argument to the macro is executed as a C statement,
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allowing any further initialisation to be performed
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(such as registering an interrupt handler etc.)
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD
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macro defines a new taskqueue with its own kernel thread to serve tasks.
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The variable
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.Vt struct taskqueue *taskqueue_name
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is used to enqueue tasks onto the queue.
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.Pp
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE
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and
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD
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act just like
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE
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and
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.Fn TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD
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respectively but taskqueue is created with
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.Fn taskqueue_create_fast .
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.Ss Predefined Task Queues
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The system provides four global taskqueues,
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.Va taskqueue_fast ,
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.Va taskqueue_swi ,
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.Va taskqueue_swi_giant ,
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and
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.Va taskqueue_thread .
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The
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.Va taskqueue_fast
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queue is for swi handlers dispatched from fast interrupt handlers,
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where sleep mutexes cannot be used.
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The swi taskqueues are run via a software interrupt mechanism.
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The
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.Va taskqueue_swi
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queue runs without the protection of the
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.Va Giant
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kernel lock, and the
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.Va taskqueue_swi_giant
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queue runs with the protection of the
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.Va Giant
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kernel lock.
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The thread taskqueue
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.Va taskqueue_thread
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runs in a kernel thread context, and tasks run from this thread do
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not run under the
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.Va Giant
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kernel lock.
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If the caller wants to run under
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.Va Giant ,
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he should explicitly acquire and release
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.Va Giant
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in his taskqueue handler routine.
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.Pp
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To use these queues,
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call
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue
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with the value of the global taskqueue variable for the queue you wish to
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use
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.Va ( taskqueue_swi ,
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.Va taskqueue_swi_giant ,
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or
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.Va taskqueue_thread ) .
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Use
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.Fn taskqueue_enqueue_fast
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for the global taskqueue variable
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.Va taskqueue_fast .
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.Pp
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The software interrupt queues can be used,
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for instance, for implementing interrupt handlers which must perform a
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significant amount of processing in the handler.
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The hardware interrupt handler would perform minimal processing of the
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interrupt and then enqueue a task to finish the work.
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This reduces to a minimum
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the amount of time spent with interrupts disabled.
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.Pp
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The thread queue can be used, for instance, by interrupt level routines
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that need to call kernel functions that do things that can only be done
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from a thread context.
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(e.g., call malloc with the M_WAITOK flag.)
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.Pp
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Note that tasks queued on shared taskqueues such as
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.Va taskqueue_swi
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may be delayed an indeterminate amount of time before execution.
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If queueing delays cannot be tolerated then a private taskqueue should
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be created with a dedicated processing thread.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ithread 9 ,
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.Xr kthread 9 ,
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.Xr swi 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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This interface first appeared in
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.Fx 5.0 .
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There is a similar facility called tqueue in the Linux kernel.
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.Sh AUTHORS
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This manual page was written by
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.An Doug Rabson .
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