815 lines
19 KiB
Groff
815 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\" manual page [] for ppp 0.94 beta2 + alpha
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.\" $Id: ppp.8,v 1.18 1996/10/06 13:32:33 jkh Exp $
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.Dd 20 September 1995
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.Os FreeBSD
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.Dt PPP 8
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ppp
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.Nd
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Point to Point Protocol (aka iijppp)
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl auto | Fl direct | Fl dedicated
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.Op Ar system
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This is a user process
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.Em PPP
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software package. Normally,
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.Em PPP
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is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g. as managed by pppd) and it's
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thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behavior. However, in this
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implementation
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.Em PPP
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is done as a user process with the help of the
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tunnel device driver (tun).
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.Sh Major Features
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.Bl -diag
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.It Provides interactive user interface.
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Using its command mode, the user can
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easily enter commands to establish the connection with the remote end, check
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the status of connection and close the connection. All functions can
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also be optionally password protected for security.
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.It Supports both manual and automatic dialing.
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Interactive mode has a
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.Dq term
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command which enables you to talk to your modem directly. When your
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modem is connected to the remote peer and it starts to talk
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.Em PPP
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, the
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.Em PPP
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software detects it and switches to packet
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mode automatically. Once you have determined the proper sequence for connecting
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with the remote host, you can write a chat script to define the necessary
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dialing and login procedure for later convenience.
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.It Supports on-demand dialup capability.
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By using auto mode,
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.Nm
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will act as a daemon and wait for a packet to be sent over the
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.Em PPP
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link. When this happens, the daemon automatically dials and establishes the
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connection.
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.It Supports server-side PPP connections.
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Can act as server which accepts incoming
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.Em PPP
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connections.
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.It Supports PAP and CHAP authentication.
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.It Supports Proxy Arp.
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When
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.Em PPP
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is set up as server, you can also configure it to do proxy arp for your
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connection.
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.It Supports packet filtering.
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User can define four kinds of filters:
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.Em ifilter
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for incoming packets,
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.Em ofilter
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for outgoing packets,
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.Em dfilter
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to define a dialing trigger packet and
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.Em afilter
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for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet.
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.It Tunnel driver supports bpf.
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The user can use
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.Xr tcpdump 1
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to check the packet flow over the
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.Em PPP
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link.
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.It Supports PPP over TCP capability.
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.It Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 compression.
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.Nm
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supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 compression.
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Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g. v42.bis) and the system
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may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression.
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While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this
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higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the
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number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the
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modem and also increases latency. Unlike VJ-compression, Predictor-1
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compression pre-compresses
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.Em all
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data flowing through the link, thus reducing overhead to a minimum.
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.It Supports Microsofts IPCP extentions.
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Name Server Addresses and NetBIOS Name Server Addresses can be negotiated
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with clients using the Microsoft
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.Em PPP
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stack (ie. Win95, WinNT)
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.It Runs under BSDI-1.1 and FreeBSD.
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.El
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Patches for NeXTSTEP 3.2 are also available on the net.
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.Sh GETTING STARTED
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When you first run
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.Nm
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you may need to deal with some initial configuration details. First,
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your kernel should include a tunnel device (the default in FreeBSD 2.0.5
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and later). If it doesn't, you'll need to rebuild your kernel with the
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following line in your kernel configuration file:
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.Dl pseudo-device tun 1
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You should set the numeric field to the maximum number of
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.Em PPP
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connections you wish to support.
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Second, check your
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.Pa /dev
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directory for the tunnel device entry
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.Pa /dev/tun0.
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If it doesn't exist, you can create it by running "MAKEDEV tun0"
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.Sh MANUAL DIALING
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%
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.Nm
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User Process PPP written by Toshiharu OHNO.
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* If you set your hostname and password in
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret,
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you can't do
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anything except run the quit and help commands *
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ppp on "your hostname"> help
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passwd : Password for security
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quit : Quit the PPP program
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help : Display this message
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ppp on tama> pass <password>
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* "on" will change to "ON" if you specify the correct password. *
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ppp ON tama>
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* You can specify the device name and speed for your modem using the
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following commands: *
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ppp ON tama> set line /dev/cuaa0
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ppp ON tama> set speed 38400
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ppp ON tama> set parity even
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ppp ON tama> show modem
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* Modem related parameters are shown in here *
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ppp ON tama>
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* Use term command to talk with your modem *
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ppp ON tama> term
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at
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OK
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atdt123456
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CONNECT
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login: ppp
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Password:
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* PPP started in remote side. When the peer start to talk PPP, the
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program will detect it automatically and return to command mode. *
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ppp ON tama>
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.Nm PPP
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ON tama>
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* NOW, you are connected! Note that
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.Sq PPP
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in the prompt has changed to capital letters to indicate this. *
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PPP ON tama> show lcp
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* You'll see LCP status *
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PPP ON tama> show ipcp
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* You'll see IPCP status. At this point, your machine has a host route
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to the peer. If you want to add a default route entry, then enter the
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following command. *
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PPP ON tama> add 0 0 HISADDR
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* The string
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.Sq HISADDR
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represents the IP address of connected peer. *
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PPP ON tama>
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* Use network applications (i.e. ping, telnet, ftp) in other windows *
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PPP ON tama> show log
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* Gives you some logging messages *
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PPP ON tama> close
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* The connection is closed and modem will be disconnected. *
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ppp ON tama> quit
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%
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.Sh AUTOMATIC DIALING
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To use automatic dialing, you must prepare some Dial and Login chat scripts.
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See the example definitions in
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
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(the format of ppp.conf is pretty simple).
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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Each line contains one command, label or comment.
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.It
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A line starting with a
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.Sq #
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character is treated as a comment line.
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.It
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A label name has to start in the first column and should be followed by
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a colon (:).
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.It
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A command line must contain a space or tab in the first column.
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.El
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Once ppp.conf is ready, specify the destination label name when you
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invoke
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.Nm ppp .
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Commands associated with the destination label are then
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executed. Note that the commands associated with the
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.Dq default
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label are ALWAYS executed.
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Once the connection is made, you'll find that the
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.Nm ppp
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portion of the prompt has changed to
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.Nm PPP .
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% ppp pm2
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...
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ppp ON tama> dial
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dial OK!
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login OK!
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PPP ON tama>
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If the
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
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file is available, its contents are executed
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when the
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.Em PPP
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connection is established. See the provided example which adds a
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default route. The string HISADDR represents the IP address of the
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remote peer.
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.Sh DIAL ON DEMAND
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To play with demand dialing, you must use the
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.Fl auto
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option. You must also specify the destination label in
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
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to use. It should contain the
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.Dq ifaddr
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command to define the remote peer's IP address. (refer to
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample )
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% ppp -auto pm2demand
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...
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%
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When
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.Fl auto
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is specified,
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.Nm
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runs as a daemon but you can still configure or examine its
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configuration by using the diagnostic port as follows:
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% telnet localhost 3000
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Trying 127.0.0.1...
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Connected to localhost.spec.co.jp.
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Escape character is '^]'.
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User Process PPP. Written by Toshiharu OHNO.
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Working as auto mode.
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PPP on tama> show ipcp
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what ?
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PPP on tama> pass xxxx
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PPP ON tama> show ipcp
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IPCP [OPEND]
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his side: xxxx
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....
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.Pp
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Each
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.Nm
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daemon has an associated port number which is computed as "3000 +
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tunnel_device_number". If 3000 is not good base number, edit defs.h in
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the ppp sources (
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.Pa /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp )
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and recompile it.
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When an outgoing packet is detected,
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.Nm
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will perform the dialing action (chat script) and try to connect
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with the peer.
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If the connect fails, the default behavior is to wait 30 seconds
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and then attempt to connect when another outgoing packet is detected.
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This behavior can be changed with
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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set redial seconds|random [dial_attempts]
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Seconds is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
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to connect again. If the argument is
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.Sq random ,
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the delay period is a random value between 0 and 30 seconds.
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.Sq dial_attempts
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is the number of times to try to connect for each outgoing packet
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that is received. The previous value is unchanged if this parameter
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is omitted.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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set redial 10 4
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.Ed
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.Pp
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will attempt to connect 4 times for each outgoing packet that is
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detected with a 10 second delay between each attempt.
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Modifying the dial delay is very useful when running
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.Nm
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in demand
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dial mode on both ends of the link. If each end has the same timeout,
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both ends wind up calling each other at the same time if the link
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drops and both ends have packets queued.
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To terminate the program, type
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PPP ON tama> close
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ppp ON tama> quit all
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.Pp
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A simple
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.Dq quit
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command will terminate the telnet connection but not the program itself.
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You must use
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.Dq quit all
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to terminate the program as well.
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.Sh PACKET FILTERING
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This implementation supports packet filtering. There are three kinds of
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filters: ifilter, ofilter and dfilter. Here are the basics:
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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A filter definition has the following syntax:
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set filter-name rule-no action [src_addr/src_width] [dst_addr/dst_width]
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[proto [src [lt|eq|gt] port ]] [dst [lt|eq|gt] port] [estab]
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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.Sq filter-name
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should be one of ifilter, ofilter, or dfilter.
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.It
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There are two actions:
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.Sq permit
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and
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.Sq deny .
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If a given packet
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matches the rule, the associated action is taken immediately.
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.It
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.Sq src_width
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and
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.Sq dst_width
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work like a netmask to represent an address range.
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.It
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.Sq proto
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must be one of icmp, udp or tcp.
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.It
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.Sq port number
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can be specified by number and service name from
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.Pa /etc/services .
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.El
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.It
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Each filter can hold up to 20 rules, starting from rule 0.
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The entire rule set is not effective until rule 0 is defined.
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.It
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If no rule is matched to a packet, that packet will be discarded
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(blocked).
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.It
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Use
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.Dq set filter-name -1
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to flush all rules.
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.El
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See
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.filter.example .
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.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 1)
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To handle an incoming
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.Em PPP
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connection request, follow these steps:
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Make sure the modem and (optionally)
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.Pa /etc/rc.serial
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is configured correctly.
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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Use Hardware Handshake (CTS/RTS) for flow control.
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.It
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Modem should be set to NO echo back (ATE0) and NO results string (ATQ1).
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.El
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.It
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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to enable a getty on the port where the modem is attached.
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For example:
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.Dl ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" dialup on secure
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Don't forget to send a HUP signal to the init process to start the getty.
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.Dl # kill -HUP 1
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.It
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Prepare an account for the incoming user.
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.Bd -literal
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ppp:xxxx:66:66:PPP Login User:/home/ppp:/usr/local/bin/ppplogin
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.Ed
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.It
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Create a
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.Pa /usr/local/bin/ppplogin
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file with the following contents:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#!/bin/sh -p
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exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct
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.Ed
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(You can specify a label name for further control.)
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.Pp
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Direct mode (
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.Fl direct )
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lets
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.Nm
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work with stdin and stdout. You can also telnet to port 3000 to get
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command mode control in the same manner as client-side
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.Nm.
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.It
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Optional support for Microsoft's IPCP Name Server and NetBIOS
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Name Server negotiation can be enabled use
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.Dq enable msext
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and
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.Dq set ns pri-addr [sec-addr]
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along with
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.Dq set nbns pri-addr [sec-addr]
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in your ppp.conf file
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.El
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.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 2)
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This method differs in that it recommends the use of
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.Em mgetty+sendfax
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to handle the modem connections. The latest version 0.99
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can be compiled with the
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.Dq AUTO_PPP
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option to allow detection of clients speaking PPP to the login
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prompt.
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Follow these steps:
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Get, configure, and install mgetty+sendfax v0.99 or later (beta)
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making sure you have used the AUTO_PPP option.
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.It
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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to enable a mgetty on the port where the modem is attached.
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For example:
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|
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.Dl cuaa1 "/usr/local/sbin/mgetty -s 57600" dialup on
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.It
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Prepare an account for the incoming user.
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.Bd -literal
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Pfred:xxxx:66:66:Fred's PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup
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.Ed
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.It
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Examine the files
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.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-dialup
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.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-pap-dialup
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and
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.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp.conf
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for ideas. ppp-pap-dialup is supposed to be called from
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.conf
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from a line like
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.Dl /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup
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.Sh SETTING IDLE, LINE QUALITY REQUEST, RETRY TIMER
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|
|
|
To check/set idletimer, use the
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.Dq show timeout
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and
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.Dq set timeout [lqrtimer [retrytimer]]
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commands.
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Ex:
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.Dl ppp ON tama> set timeout 600
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The timeout period is measured in seconds, the default values for which
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are timeout = 180 or 3 min, lqrtimer = 30sec and retrytimer = 3sec.
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To disable the idle timer function,
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use the command
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.Dq set timeout 0 .
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In
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.Fl auto
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mode, an idle timeout causes the
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.Em PPP
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session to be
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closed, though the
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.Nm
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program itself remains running. Another trigger packet will cause it to
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attempt to reestablish the link.
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|
|
.Sh Predictor-1 compression
|
|
|
|
This version supports CCP and Predictor type 1 compression based on
|
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the current IETF-draft specs. As a default behavior,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to use (or be willing to accept) this capability when the
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peer agrees (or requests it).
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|
|
|
To disable CCP/predictor functionality completely, use the
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.Dq disable pred1
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and
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.Dq deny pred1
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commands.
|
|
|
|
.Sh Controlling IP address
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses IPCP to negotiate IP addresses. Each side of the connection
|
|
specifies the IP address that it's willing to use, and if the requested
|
|
IP address is acceptable then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns ACK to the requester. Otherwise,
|
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.Nm
|
|
returns NAK to suggest that the peer use a different IP address. When
|
|
both sides of the connection agree to accept the received request (and
|
|
send ACK), IPCP is set to the open state and a network level connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
|
|
To control this IPCP behavior, this implementation has the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command for defining the local and remote IP address:
|
|
|
|
.Nm set ifaddr
|
|
.Op src_addr Op dst_addr Op netmask Op trg_addr
|
|
|
|
Where,
|
|
.Sq src_addr
|
|
is the IP address that the local side is willing to use and
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
is the IP address which the remote side should use.
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
is interface netmask.
|
|
.Sq trg_addr
|
|
is the IP address which used in address negotiation.
|
|
|
|
Ex:
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38 192.244.177.2 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
The above specification means:
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly want to use 192.244.177.38 as my IP address, and I'll
|
|
disagree if the peer suggests that I use another address.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly insist that peer use 192.244.177.2 as own side address and
|
|
don't permit it to use any IP address but 192.244.177.2. When peer
|
|
request another IP address, I always suggest that it use 192.244.177.2.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
My interface netmask will be 255.255.255.0.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
This is all fine when each side has a pre-determined IP address, however
|
|
it is often the case that one side is acting as a server which controls
|
|
all IP addresses and the other side should obey the direction from it.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
In order to allow more flexible behavior, `ifaddr' variable allows the
|
|
user to specify IP address more loosely:
|
|
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38/24 192.244.177.2/20
|
|
|
|
A number followed by a slash (/) represent the number of bits significant in
|
|
the IP address. The above example signifies that:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I'll
|
|
also accept any IP address between 192.244.177.0 and 192.244.177.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I'll also
|
|
permit him to use any IP address between 192.244.176.0 and
|
|
192.244.191.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As you may have already noticed, 192.244.177.2 is equivalent to saying
|
|
192.244.177.2/32.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As an exception, 0 is equivalent to 0.0.0.0/0, meaning that I have no
|
|
preferred IP address and will obey the remote peer's selection.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
192.244.177.2/0 means that I'll accept/permit any IP address but I'll
|
|
try to insist that 192.244.177.2 be used first.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh Connecting with your service provider
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe provider's phone number(s) in DialScript: Use the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
commands.
|
|
.Dq Set phone
|
|
command allows you to set multiply phone numbers for dialing and redialing
|
|
separated by a colon (:).
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe login procedure in LoginScript: Use the
|
|
.Dq set login
|
|
command.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the IP address.
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
If you know what IP address provider uses, then use it as the remote address.
|
|
.It
|
|
If provider has assigned a particular IP address to you, then use it as
|
|
your address.
|
|
.It
|
|
If provider assigns your address dynamically, use 0 as your address.
|
|
.It
|
|
If you have no idea which IP addresses to use, then try
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr 0 0 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.It
|
|
If provider requests that you use PAP/CHAP authentication methods, add
|
|
the next lines to your
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable pap (or enable chap)
|
|
disable chap (or disable pap)
|
|
set authname MyName
|
|
set authkey MyPassword
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Please refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.iij
|
|
for some real examples.
|
|
|
|
.Sh Logging facility
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is able to generate the following log info into
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.log :
|
|
|
|
.Bl -column SMMMMMM -offset indent -compat
|
|
.It Li Phase Phase transition log output
|
|
.It Li Chat Generate Chat script trace log
|
|
.It Li Connect Generate complete Chat log
|
|
.It Li Carrier Log Chat lines with 'CARRIER'
|
|
.It Li LQM Generate LQR report
|
|
.It Li LCP Generate LCP/IPCP packet trace
|
|
.It Li Link Log address assignments and link up/down events
|
|
.It Li TCP/IP Dump TCP/IP packet
|
|
.It Li HDLC Dump HDLC packet in hex
|
|
.It Li Async Dump async level packet in hex
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set debug
|
|
command allows you to set logging output level, of which
|
|
multiple levels can be specified. The default is equivalent to
|
|
.Dq set debug carrier link phase .
|
|
|
|
.Sh MORE DETAILS
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Please read the Japanese doc for complete explanation. It may not be
|
|
useful for non-japanese readers, but examples in the document may help
|
|
you to guess.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Please read example configuration files.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq help ,
|
|
.Dq show ? ,
|
|
.Dq set ?
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set ? <var>
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
NetBSD and BSDI-1.0 were supported in previous releases but are no
|
|
longer supported in this release. Please contact the author if you need
|
|
old driver code.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Nm
|
|
refers to three files: ppp.conf, ppp.linkup and ppp.secret.
|
|
These files are placed in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp ,
|
|
but the user can create his own files under his $HOME directory as
|
|
.Pa .ppp.conf ,
|
|
.Pa .ppp.linkup
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa .ppp.secret.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will always try to consult the user's personal setup first.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width flag
|
|
.Pa $HOME/ppp/.ppp.[conf|linkup|secret]
|
|
User dependent configuration files.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
System default configuration file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
An authorization file for each system.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
establishes a network level connection.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.log
|
|
Logging and debugging information file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/spool/lock/Lck..*
|
|
tty port locking file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/run/PPP.system
|
|
Holds the pid for ppp -auto system.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/services
|
|
Get port number if port number is using service name.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr chat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppd 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
This program was submitted in FreeBSD-2.0.5 Atsushi Murai (amurai@spec.co.jp).
|
|
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
Toshiharu OHNO (tony-o@iij.ad.jp)
|