755 lines
20 KiB
Groff
755 lines
20 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 2000 Hellmuth Michaelis, Brian Dunford-Shore,
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.\" Joerg Wunsch and Holger Veit.
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by Hellmuth Michaelis,
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.\" Brian Dunford-Shore, Joerg Wunsch and Holger Veit.
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.\" 4. The name authors may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" Last Edit-Date: [Sun Mar 26 14:39:08 2000]
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.\" Man page pcvt(4) created after pcvt_ioctl.h on 13-Jan-93
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.\" by Joerg Wunsch
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.\"
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.Dd March 26, 2000
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.Dt PCVT 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pcvt ,
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.Nm vt
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.Nd VT220 virtual screen system console
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Cd "device vt0 at isa?"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ss Overview
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The
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.Nm pcvt
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driver provides a virtual screen handling system.
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Probably most important is an emulation of a wide range
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of DEC VT-220
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.if t \(tm
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.if n (TM)
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functionality.
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See
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.Sx Features
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for a detailed description.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm pcvt
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driver requires the keyboard driver
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.Nm atkbd
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|
to be also configured in the kernel.
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.Ss Features
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Almost full DEC VT220
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.if t \(tm
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.if n (TM)
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functionality
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.Po
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moving towards VT320
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.if t \(tm
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.if n (TM)
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.Pc
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.It
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Completely independent virtual terminals for MDA/HGC/CGA/EGA and VGA
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.It
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25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50x80 screen resolution for each virtual screen
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.It
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Fully remappable keyboard to support national keyboards
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.It
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All VT220 character sets plus ISO Latin-1 and DEC technical supported
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.It
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VT220 downloadable character set supported when run on EGA/VGA
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.It
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VT220 user defined keys for each virtual terminal
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.It
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Optional function key label support
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.if t \('a
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.if n 'a
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la Hewlett-Packard terminals
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.It
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Display function codes functionality
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.It
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Support for MDA, CGA, EGA and VGA display adaptors
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.It
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Support for 132 column operation on some VGA chipsets
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.It
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X Window Support for XFree86
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.Po
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requires
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.Em XSERVER
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to be defined
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.Pc
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.El
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|
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What it cannot:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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No double wide/high characters
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.It
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No softscroll
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.It
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No inverse background
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.It
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No VT220 printer output support
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.It
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No VT52 support at all
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.It
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No 8-bit controls
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.It
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Only limited AT-keyboard
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.Pq 84 keys
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support
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.El
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.Ss Scrollback
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Each virtual
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.Nm
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virtual terminal has 8 pages of memory attached which are used as a
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scrollback buffer.
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By using
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.Em SHIFT-PageUp
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and
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.Em SHIFT-PageDown
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it is possible to scroll the screen back and forward.
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.Ss Configuration
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The
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.Nm pcvt
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console driver is available for the Intel-based FreeBSD operating
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system.
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It has been designed to be highly configurable in order to satisfy
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everyone's needs.
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The preferred way for those configurations is to
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provide appropriate
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.Em options
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lines within the config file, possibly overriding the built-in default
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values.
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The following list gives a short overview of the available configuration
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options.
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Refer to the file
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.Pa i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_conf.h
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in the kernel source tree for detailed documentation.
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Note: the following conventions apply to all the Boolean options.
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If an option is given with no value, a value of 1
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.Pq activated
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is substituted.
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If an option value is given as 0, this options is
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deactivated.
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Any other value is substituted by 1, too.
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If an option
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is omitted, a built-in default is assumed.
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Em PCVT_NSCREENS
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Defines the number of virtual screens.
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.br
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Default: 8
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.It Em PCVT_VT220KEYB
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If activated, a keyboard layout resembling a DEC VT200 (TM) is generated.
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If deactivated, a mixture between VT220 and HP is used.
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See the files
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.Pa Keyboard.VT
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and
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.Pa Keyboard.HP
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in the
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.Nm pcvt
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documentation directory for a full description.
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.br
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Default: off
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.It Em PCVT_SCREENSAVER
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Enables the builtin screensaver feature.
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.br
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Default: on
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.It Em PCVT_PRETTYSCRNS
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If enabled, a blinking-star screensaver is used.
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If disabled, the screen
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is simply blanked
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.Pq which might be useful for energy-saving monitors .
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.br
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Default: on
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.It Em PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL
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If enabled, the key combination
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.Aq Em Ctrl
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.Aq Em Alt
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.Aq Em Del
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invokes a CPU reset.
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.br
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Default: off
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.It Em PCVT_USEKBDSEC
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Do NOT override a security lock for the keyboard.
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.br
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Default: on
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.It Em PCVT_24LINESDEF
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If enabled, the 25-line modi
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.Po
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VT emulation with 25 lines, and HP emulation with 28 lines
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.Pc
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default to 24 lines only to provide a better compatibility to the
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original DEV VT220 (TM). Thus it should be possible to use the
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terminal information for those terminals without further changes.
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Note that this is a startup option; it is possible to toggle between
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the 24- and 25-lines' display by the
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.Xr scon 1
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utility.
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.br
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Default: off
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.It Em PCVT_META_ESC
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If enabled, a sequence composed of
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.Aq Em esc ,
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followed by the normal key code is emitted if a key is pressed with the
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.Aq Em Alt
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key modifier.
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If disabled, then normal key code with the value
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.Em 0x80
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added is sent.
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.br
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Default: off
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.El
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Note that there are further options available which are mainly used for
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debugging purposes or as a workaround for hardware problems.
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They are found in
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.Pa i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_conf.h
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along with their documentation.
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.Ss Internal Functions
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The functionality described below may be accessed via
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.Xr ioctl 2
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system calls with a file descriptor opened on a device node
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related to the
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.Nm pcvt
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driver.
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To make use of them, a program should contain the following line:
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.Dl #include <machine/pcvt_ioctl.h>
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Any parameter definitions cited below can be found in that file.
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.Em Keyboard related functions
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Three functions are related to basic keyboard hardware:
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDRESET
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reset keyboard, set defaults;
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.It KBDGTPMAT
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get current typematic value, parameter is a pointer to int where
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the values is stored to;
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.It KBDSTPMAT
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set current typematic value, similar to above command.
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.El
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Symbolic values are available for the appropriate constants.
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To specify the initial typematic delay time, they are
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KBD_TPD250 for 250 ms through
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KBD_TPD1000 for 1000 ms, in steps of 250 ms.
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The typematic repeat
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|
rates are
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KBD_TPM300, specifying 30.0 characters per second through
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KBD_TPM20 for 2.0 characters per second.
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The intermediate values
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are: 30.0, 26.7, 24.0, 21.8, 20.0, 18.5, 17.1, 16.0, 15.0, 13.3,
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12.0, 10.9, 10.0, 9.2, 8.6, 8.0, 7.5, 6.7, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.6, 4.3,
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4.0, 3.7, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2.1, 2.0 characters per second.
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDGREPSW
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get key repetition switch, and
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.It KBDSREPSW
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set key repetition switch
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.El
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again take a pointer to int as argument.
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They manipulate the
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drivers internal keyboard repetition flag, possible values are:
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KBD_REPEATOFF or KBD_REPEATON.
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDGLEDS
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get LED state, and
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.It KBDSLEDS
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set LED state manipulate the keyboard indicators, but do not influence
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the drivers idea of lock key state.
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.El
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The int where the argument points to
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may have the values
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KBD_SCROLLLOCK, KBD_NUMLOCK, KBD_CAPSLOCK, which may be used in any
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conjunction.
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDGLOCK
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gets state of SCROLL,NUM,CAPS, and
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.It KBDSLOCK
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sets state of SCROLL,NUM,CAPS + LEDs
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.El
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should be used in a same manner to get/set the drivers internal
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LED flags.
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.Em Keyboard remapping
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One important feature of the
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.Nm pcvt
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driver is its ability to overload the built in key definition.
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDGCKEY
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get current key values,
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.It KBDSCKEY
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set new key assignment values, and
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.It KBDGOKEY
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get original key assignment values
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.El
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arrange those functions.
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The take a pointer to a
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.Em struct kbd_ovlkey
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as argument as described below.
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In addition,
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBDRMKEY
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removes a key assignment, taking a pointer to an int as argument which
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contains the affected key number;
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.It KBDDEFAULT
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removes all key assignments.
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.El
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.Bd -literal
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struct kbd_ovlkey /* complete definition of a key */
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{
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u_short keynum; /* the key itself */
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u_short type; /* type of key, see below */
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u_char subu; /* subtype, ignored on write */
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char unshift[KBDMAXOVLKEYSIZE+1]; /* emitted string, unshifted */
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u_char subs; /* subtype, ignored on write */
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char shift[KBDMAXOVLKEYSIZE+1]; /* emitted string, shifted */
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u_char subc; /* subtype, ignored on write */
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char ctrl[KBDMAXOVLKEYSIZE+1]; /* emitted string, control */
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u_char suba; /* subtype, ignored on write */
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char altgr[KBDMAXOVLKEYSIZE+1]; /* emitted string, altgr */
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};
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.Ed
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The appropriate values for the
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.Em type
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field are:
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBD_NONE
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no function, key is disabled,
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.It KBD_SHIFT
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keyboard shift,
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.It KBD_META
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alternate shift, sets bit8 to ASCII code,
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.It KBD_NUM
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numeric shift, keypad numeric / application mode,
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.It KBD_CTL
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control code generation,
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.It KBD_CAPS
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caps shift - swaps case of letter,
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.It KBD_ASCII
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ASCII code generating key,
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.It KBD_SCROLL
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stop output,
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.It KBD_FUNC
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function key,
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.It KBD_KP
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keypad keys,
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.It KBD_BREAK
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ignored,
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.It KBD_ALTGR
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AltGr translation feature,
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.It KBD_SHFTLOCK
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shift lock,
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.It KBD_CURSOR
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cursor keys, and
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.It KBD_RETURN
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.Dq Return
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or
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.Dq Enter
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keys.
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.El
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The
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.Em subtype
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field contains one of the values
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It KBD_SUBT_STR
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key is bound to a string, or
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.It KBD_SUBT_FNC
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key is bound to a function.
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.El
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.Em Downloadable character set interface
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EGA and VGA video adaptors provide the capability of downloadable
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software fonts.
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Since the
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.Sq native character set
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of any IBM-compatible PC video board does not allow the full interpretation
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of DEC multinational character set or ISO Latin-1
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.Pq ISO 8859-1 ,
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this might be very useful for a U**X environment.
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It VGASETFONTATTR
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set font attr, and
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.It VGAGETFONTATTR
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get font attr
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.El
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are used to manipulate the drivers information about a downloaded
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font.
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The take a pointer to a
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.Em struct vgafontattr
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as argument:
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.Bd -literal
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struct vgafontattr {
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int character_set; /* VGA character set */
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int font_loaded; /* Mark font loaded or unloaded */
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int screen_size; /* Character rows per screen */
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int character_scanlines; /* Scanlines per character - 1 */
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int screen_scanlines; /* Scanlines per screen - 1 byte */
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};
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.Ed
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Each character of each font is to be downloaded with
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It VGALOADCHAR
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load vga char,
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.El
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taking a pointer to
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.Em struct vgaloadchar
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as its argument:
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.Bd -literal
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struct vgaloadchar {
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int character_set; /* VGA character set to load into */
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int character; /* Character to load */
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int character_scanlines; /* Scanlines per character */
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u_char char_table[32]; /* VGA character shape table */
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};
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.Ed
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The field
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.Em character_set
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takes the values
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CH_SET0, CH_SET1, CH_SET2, CH_SET3 on EGA's or VGA's. Since VGA's
|
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might have up to eight simultaneously loaded fonts, they can take
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CH_SET4, CH_SET5, CH_SET6, or CH_SET7, too.
|
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Note that there's a dependence between the font size
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and a possible screen height
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.Pq in character rows ,
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depending on the video adaptor used:
|
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.Bd -literal
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Screen size (rows) on: EGA VGA
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Font size
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|
8 x 8 43 50
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8 x 10 35 40
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8 x 14 25 28
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8 x 16 not 25
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applicable
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.Ed
|
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|
|
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.Em General screen manipulation commands
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|
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
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.It VGACURSOR
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sets cursor shape,
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.El
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taking a pointer to the following structure as argument:
|
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.Bd -literal
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struct cursorshape {
|
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int screen_no; /* screen number for which to set, */
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/* or -1 to set on current active screen */
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int start; /* top scanline, range 0... Character Height - 1 */
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int end; /* end scanline, range 0... Character Height - 1 */
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};
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.Ed
|
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.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
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.It VGASETSCREEN
|
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set screen info, and
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.It VGAGETSCREEN
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get screen info,
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.El
|
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|
|
provide an interface to some general driver internal variables
|
|
which might modify the behaviour of the screens,
|
|
or which might simply be used to force the driver to switch
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|
to one certain screen.
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|
Their argument is a pointer to the structure:
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.Bd -literal
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struct screeninfo {
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int adaptor_type; /* type of video adaptor installed */
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/* read only, ignored on write (yet!) */
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int totalfonts; /* no of downloadable fonts */
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|
/* read only, ignored on write */
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int totalscreens; /* no of virtual screens */
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/* read only, ignored on write */
|
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int screen_no; /* screen number, this was got from */
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|
/* on write, if -1, apply pure_vt_mode */
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/* and/or screen_size to current screen*/
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|
/* else to screen_no supplied */
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int current_screen; /* screen number, which is displayed. */
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|
/* on write, if -1, make this screen */
|
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/* the current screen, else set current*/
|
|
/* displayed screen to parameter */
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int pure_vt_mode; /* flag, pure VT mode or HP/VT mode */
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|
/* on write, if -1, no change */
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int screen_size; /* screen size */
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/* on write, if -1, no change */
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int force_24lines; /* force 24 lines if 25 lines VT mode */
|
|
/* or 28 lines HP mode to get pure */
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/* VT220 screen size */
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|
/* on write, if -1, no change */
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int vga_family; /* if adaptor_type = VGA, this reflects*/
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|
/* the chipset family after a read */
|
|
/* nothing happenes on write ... */
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|
int vga_type; /* if adaptor_type = VGA, this reflects*/
|
|
/* the chipset after a read */
|
|
/* nothing happenes on write ... */
|
|
int vga_132; /* set to 1 if driver has support for */
|
|
/* 132 column operation for chipset */
|
|
/* currently ignored on write */
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
Its field
|
|
.Em pure_vt_mode
|
|
may take the values M_HPVT for a mixed VTxxx and HP Mode, with function
|
|
key labels and a status line, or M_PUREVT for only VTxxx sequences
|
|
recognized, with no labels.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It VGASETCOLMS
|
|
sets the number of columns for the current screen,
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
its parameter is a pointer to an integer containing either a value of 80,
|
|
or a value of 132.
|
|
Note that setting the number of columns to 132 is only supported on
|
|
some VGA adaptors.
|
|
Any unsupported numbers cause the ioctl to fail with
|
|
.Em errno
|
|
.Pq see Xr intro 2
|
|
being set to
|
|
.Em EINVAL .
|
|
|
|
.Em VGA color palette interface
|
|
|
|
Only on VGA adaptors, there's a color palette register at the output.
|
|
It is responsible for the red, green and blue output voltage provided
|
|
for each of the 256 internal color codes, each lying in the range of
|
|
0 through 63 (with 63 representing the brightest value for a base color).
|
|
Thus, these adaptors map each color code to a color of a
|
|
.Dq palette
|
|
out of 262144 colors.
|
|
The commands
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It VGAREADPEL
|
|
read VGA palette entry, and
|
|
.It VGAWRITEPEL
|
|
write VGA palette entry
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
establish an interface to these palette registers.
|
|
Their argument is
|
|
a pointer to:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct vgapel {
|
|
unsigned idx; /* index into palette, 0 .. 255 valid */
|
|
unsigned r, g, b; /* RGB values, masked by VGA_PMASK (63) */
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Em Driver identification
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It VGAPCVTID
|
|
returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and it's
|
|
major and minor revision numbers. the call is taking a pointer to the
|
|
following structure as argument:
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct pcvtid {
|
|
#define PCVTIDNAMELN 16 /* driver id - string length */
|
|
char name[PCVTIDNAMELN]; /* driver name, == PCVTIDSTR */
|
|
#define PCVTIDNAME "pcvt" /* driver id - string */
|
|
int rmajor; /* revision number, major */
|
|
#define PCVTIDMAJOR 3
|
|
int rminor; /* revision number, minor */
|
|
#define PCVTIDMINOR 00
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It VGAPCVTINFO
|
|
returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and it's
|
|
compile time options. the call is taking a pointer to the following
|
|
structure as argument:
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct pcvtinfo {
|
|
u_int opsys; /* PCVT_xxx(x)BSD */
|
|
#define CONF_UNKNOWNOPSYS 0
|
|
#define CONF_386BSD 1 /* unsupported !!! */
|
|
#define CONF_NETBSD 2
|
|
#define CONF_FREEBSD 3
|
|
u_int opsysrel; /* Release for NetBSD/FreeBSD */
|
|
u_int nscreens; /* PCVT_NSCREENS */
|
|
u_int scanset; /* PCVT_SCANSET */
|
|
u_int updatefast; /* PCVT_UPDATEFAST */
|
|
u_int updateslow; /* PCVT_UPDATESLOW */
|
|
u_int sysbeepf; /* PCVT_SYSBEEPF */
|
|
u_int pcburst; /* PCVT_PCBURST */
|
|
u_int kbd_fifo_sz; /* PCVT_KBD_FIFO_SZ */
|
|
|
|
/* config booleans */
|
|
|
|
u_long compile_opts; /* PCVT_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx */
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Em Screen saver
|
|
|
|
Depending on the configuration of a
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
driver, their might be a simple screen saver available.
|
|
It is controlled
|
|
by the command
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It VGASCREENSAVER
|
|
set timeout for screen saver in seconds; 0 turns it off,
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
taking a pointer to an integer as argument.
|
|
Despite of its command name,
|
|
this is available on
|
|
.Em any
|
|
kind of adaptor if configured in by the
|
|
.Xr config 8
|
|
option
|
|
.Dq PCVT_SCREENSAVER
|
|
|
|
.Em Compatibility commands for USL-style VT's
|
|
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
supports a subset of the USL-style commands used to control
|
|
the virtual terminal interface.
|
|
This feature is mainly intended to allow
|
|
.Em XFree86
|
|
to switch between virtual screens even when
|
|
running an X server.
|
|
They are ugly with respect to the implied semantics
|
|
.Pq i.\& e., they break Berkeley semantics.
|
|
See the file
|
|
.Pa i386/include/pcvt_ioctl.h
|
|
for their documentation.
|
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /usr/include/machine/pcvt_ioctl.h
|
|
.It Pa /usr/include/machine/pcvt_ioctl.h
|
|
Definitions for
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
function calls
|
|
.It Pa /dev/ttyv?
|
|
.It Pa /dev/console
|
|
Device nodes to access the
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
driver
|
|
.It Pa i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_conf.h
|
|
.Pq relative to the kernel source tree
|
|
Documents the various compile-time options to tailor
|
|
.Nm pcvt .
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
driver has been developed for and contributed to 386BSD 0.1.
|
|
Since then
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
has become a standard part of FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.
|
|
Since FreeBSD 5.0,
|
|
.Nm pcvt
|
|
is FreeBSD specific with support for NetBSD and OpenBSD removed to
|
|
ease further maintenance.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
Written by
|
|
.An Hellmuth Michaelis Aq hm@FreeBSD.org
|
|
with much help from
|
|
.An Brian Dunford-Shore Aq brian@morpheus.wustl.edu
|
|
and
|
|
.An Joerg Wunsch Aq joerg@FreeBSD.org
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This driver is based on several people's previous work, notably
|
|
the historic
|
|
.Xr pccons 4
|
|
implementation by
|
|
.An William Jolitz and Don Ahn Aq ljolitz@cardio.ucsf.edu
|
|
.br
|
|
and the keyboard mapping code from
|
|
.An Holger Veit Aq veit@first.gmd.de.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr cursor 1 ,
|
|
.Xr loadfont 1 ,
|
|
.Xr scon 1 ,
|
|
.Xr intro 2 ,
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ,
|
|
.Xr atkbd 4 ,
|
|
.Xr keyboard 4 ,
|
|
.Xr config 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ispcvt 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
At least one left.
|