248a47a4c2
Packages default to ending up in a different location compared to the documentation, so catch up to the implementation by referring to the location where packages can usually be found if no environment variables have been set. While here, also update the mention of the file extension to match the txz format that packages use. PR: 253179, 224370 Reported by: rwatson, jeromer at fastmail dotnet
680 lines
17 KiB
Groff
680 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 David E. O'Brien
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 18, 2021
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.Dt PORTS 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ports
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.Nd contributed applications
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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|
The
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.Fx
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|
Ports Collection
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|
offers a simple way to compile and install third party applications.
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|
It is also used to build packages, to be installed using
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.Xr pkg 8 .
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.Pp
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|
The ports tree, typically located at
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.Pa /usr/ports ,
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|
consists of subdirectories, one for each category; those in turn contain
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|
individual ports.
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|
Each port is a directory with metadata and patches necessary to make
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the original application source code compile and run on
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.Fx .
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|
Compiling an application is as simple as typing
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.Dq Li "make build"
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|
in the port directory.
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|
The
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.Pa Makefile
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|
automatically fetches the
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application source code, either from a local disk or the network, unpacks it,
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applies the patches, and compiles it.
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|
It also recursively handles dependencies \(em other pieces of software
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the port depends on in order to build and work.
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|
Afterwards,
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.Dq Li "make install"
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installs the application.
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.Pp
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|
The
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.Fx
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|
Ports Collection is maintained in several branches, which differ mostly
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|
by versions of software provided: the
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.Em head
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|
branch contains all the latest changes, while the
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|
.Em quarterly
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|
branches only provide critical fixes.
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|
The
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.Em head
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|
branch can be installed or updated from the Subversion repository located at:
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head
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.Pp
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|
The
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.Em quarterly
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|
branches can be found in Subversion in the
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.Pa branches/
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|
subdirectory, eg:
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/branches/2019Q1
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.Pp
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|
It is generally a good idea to use the
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.Nm
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|
branch that matches the
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.Xr pkg 8
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|
repository being used.
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|
By default, for
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|
.Fx CURRENT
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|
the
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|
.Xr pkg 8
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|
is configured to install packages built from the
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|
.Em head
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|
branch, while for
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|
.Fx STABLE
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|
or RELEASE versions it is configured to install packages built from
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|
the latest
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|
.Em quarterly
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|
branch.
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|
Currently configured
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|
.Xr pkg 8
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|
repository can be verified by looking at the
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|
.Em url
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|
field in
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|
.Cm pkg -vv
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|
output.
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|
.Pp
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|
For more information about using ports, see the
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|
.Dq "Packages and Ports" section
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|
in
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|
.Sm off
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|
.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook"
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|
.No \&:
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/ports.html
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.Pp
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|
For information about creating new ports, see
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.Sm off
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.%B "The Porter's Handbook"
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.No \&:
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/porters-handbook/
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.Sh TARGETS
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|
Some of the
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.Xr make 1
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|
targets work recursively through subdirectories.
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|
This lets you, for example, install all of the
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.Dq Li biology
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ports with one command.
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|
The targets that do this are
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.Cm build , checksum , clean , configure ,
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|
.Cm depends , extract , fetch , install ,
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|
and
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|
.Cm package .
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.Pp
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The following targets will be run automatically by each proceeding
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|
target in order.
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That is,
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.Cm build
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|
will be run (if necessary) by
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.Cm install ,
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and so on all the way to
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.Cm fetch .
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|
Usually, you will only use the
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.Cm install
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|
target.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm configure"
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|
.It Cm config
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|
Configure
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
for this port using
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.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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.It Cm fetch
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Fetch all of the files needed to build this port from the sites
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listed in
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.Va MASTER_SITES
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|
and
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.Va PATCH_SITES .
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|
See
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.Va FETCH_CMD , MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
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|
and
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|
.Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP .
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|
.It Cm checksum
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|
Verify that the fetched distfile's checksum matches the one the port was
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tested against.
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If the distfile's checksum does not match, it also fetches the distfiles
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which are missing or failed the checksum calculation.
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Defining
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.Va NO_CHECKSUM
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|
will skip this step.
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.It Cm depends
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Install
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(or compile if only compilation is necessary)
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|
any dependencies of the current port.
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|
When called by the
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.Cm extract
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|
or
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|
.Cm fetch
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|
targets, this is run in piecemeal as
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|
.Cm fetch-depends , build-depends ,
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|
etc.
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|
Defining
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.Va NO_DEPENDS
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|
will skip this step.
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.It Cm extract
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|
Expand the distfile into a work directory.
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.It Cm patch
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Apply any patches that are necessary for the port.
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.It Cm configure
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Configure the port.
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|
Some ports will ask you questions during this stage.
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See
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.Va INTERACTIVE
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|
and
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.Va BATCH .
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.It Cm build
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Build the port.
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|
This is the same as calling the
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.Cm all
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|
target.
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.It Cm install
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Install the port and register it with the package system.
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This is all you really need to do.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following targets are not run during the normal install process.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm fetch-recursive"
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.It Cm showconfig
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|
Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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config for this port.
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|
.It Cm showconfig-recursive
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|
Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port and all its dependencies.
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|
.It Cm rmconfig
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|
Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port.
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|
.It Cm rmconfig-recursive
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|
Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port and all its dependencies.
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.It Cm config-conditional
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|
Skip the ports which have already had their
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
configured.
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|
.It Cm config-recursive
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|
Configure
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
for this port and all its dependencies using
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|
.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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.It Cm fetch-list
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|
Show list of files to be fetched in order to build the port.
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.It Cm fetch-recursive
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|
Fetch the distfiles of the port and all its dependencies.
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|
.It Cm fetch-recursive-list
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|
Show list of files that would be retrieved by
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|
.Cm fetch-recursive .
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|
.It Cm run-depends-list , build-depends-list
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|
Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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|
of those dependencies, by port directory.
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|
.It Cm all-depends-list
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|
Print a list of all dependencies for the port.
|
|
.It Cm pretty-print-run-depends-list , pretty-print-build-depends-list
|
|
Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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|
of those dependencies, by port name and version.
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|
.It Cm missing
|
|
Print a list of missing dependencies to be installed for the port.
|
|
.It Cm clean
|
|
Remove the expanded source code.
|
|
This recurses to dependencies unless
|
|
.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
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|
is defined.
|
|
.It Cm distclean
|
|
Remove the port's distfiles and perform the
|
|
.Cm clean
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|
target.
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|
The
|
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.Cm clean
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|
portion recurses to dependencies unless
|
|
.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
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|
is defined, but the
|
|
.Cm distclean
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|
portion never recurses
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|
(this is perhaps a bug).
|
|
.It Cm reinstall
|
|
Use this to restore a port after using
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|
.Xr pkg-delete 8
|
|
when you should have used
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|
.Cm deinstall .
|
|
.It Cm deinstall
|
|
Remove an installed port from the system, similar to
|
|
.Xr pkg-delete 8 .
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|
.It Cm deinstall-all
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|
Remove all installed ports with the same
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.Va PKGORIGIN
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|
from the system.
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.It Cm package
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|
Make a binary package for the port.
|
|
The port will be installed if it has not already been.
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|
The package is a
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|
.Pa .txz
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|
file that you can use to
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|
install the port on other machines with
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|
.Xr pkg-add 8 .
|
|
If the directory specified by
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|
.Va PACKAGES
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|
does not exist, the package will be put in
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|
.Pa /usr/ports/category/port/work/pkg .
|
|
See
|
|
.Va PKGREPOSITORY
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|
and
|
|
.Va PKGFILE
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|
for more information.
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|
.It Cm package-recursive
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|
Like
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|
.Cm package ,
|
|
but makes a package for each depending port as well.
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|
.It Cm package-name
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|
Prints the name with version of the port.
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|
.It Cm readmes
|
|
Create a port's
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|
.Pa README.html .
|
|
This can be used from
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports
|
|
to create a browsable web of all ports on your system!
|
|
.It Cm search
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|
Search the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file for the pattern specified by the
|
|
.Va key
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|
(searches the port name, comment, and dependencies),
|
|
.Va name
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|
(searches the port name only),
|
|
.Va path
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|
(searches the port path),
|
|
.Va info
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|
(searches the port info),
|
|
.Va maint
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|
(searches the port maintainer),
|
|
.Va cat
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|
(searches the port category),
|
|
.Va bdeps
|
|
(searches the port build-time dependency),
|
|
.Va rdeps
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|
(searches the port run-time dependency),
|
|
.Va www
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|
(searches the port web site)
|
|
.Xr make 1
|
|
variables, and their exclusion counterparts:
|
|
.Va xname , xkey
|
|
etc.
|
|
For example, one would type:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "cd /usr/ports && make search name=query"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to find all ports whose
|
|
name matches
|
|
.Dq Li query .
|
|
Results include the matching ports' path, comment, maintainer,
|
|
build dependencies, and run dependencies.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
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|
xbdeps=apache
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|
.Ed
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|
.Pp
|
|
To find all ports whose
|
|
names contain
|
|
.Dq Li pear-
|
|
and which do not have apache
|
|
listed in build-time dependencies.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
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|
xname='ht(tp|ml)'
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|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To find all ports whose names contain
|
|
.Dq Li pear- ,
|
|
but not
|
|
.Dq Li html
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li http .
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
make search key=apache display=name,path,info keylim=1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To find ports that contain
|
|
.Dq Li apache
|
|
in either of the name, path, info
|
|
fields, ignore the rest of the record.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default the search is not case-sensitive.
|
|
In order to make it case-sensitive you can use the
|
|
.Va icase
|
|
variable:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
make search name=p5-R icase=0
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.Ed
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|
.It Cm quicksearch
|
|
Reduced
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|
.Cm search
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|
output.
|
|
Only display name, path and info.
|
|
.It Cm describe
|
|
Generate a one-line description of each port for use in the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
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|
file.
|
|
.It Cm maintainer
|
|
Display the port maintainer's email address.
|
|
.It Cm index
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|
Create
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/INDEX ,
|
|
which is used by the
|
|
.Cm pretty-print-*
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|
and
|
|
.Cm search
|
|
targets.
|
|
Running the
|
|
.Cm index
|
|
target will ensure your
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|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file is up to date with your ports tree.
|
|
.It Cm fetchindex
|
|
Fetch the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file from the
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|
.Fx
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|
cluster.
|
|
.El
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|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
You can change all of these.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Va MASTER_SITES"
|
|
.It Va PORTSDIR
|
|
Location of the ports tree.
|
|
This is
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports
|
|
by default.
|
|
.It Va WRKDIRPREFIX
|
|
Where to create any temporary files.
|
|
Useful if
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR
|
|
is read-only (perhaps mounted from a CD-ROM).
|
|
.It Va DISTDIR
|
|
Where to find/put distfiles, normally
|
|
.Pa distfiles/
|
|
in
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR .
|
|
.It Va SU_CMD
|
|
Command used to elevate privilege to configure and install a port.
|
|
The unprivileged user must have write access to
|
|
.Va WRKDIRPREFIX
|
|
and
|
|
.Va DISTDIR .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Ql /usr/bin/su root -c .
|
|
Many users set it to
|
|
.Ql /usr/local/bin/sudo -E sh -c
|
|
for convenience.
|
|
.It Va PACKAGES
|
|
Used only for the
|
|
.Cm package
|
|
target; the base directory for the packages tree, normally
|
|
.Pa packages/
|
|
in
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR .
|
|
If this directory exists, the package tree will be (partially) constructed.
|
|
This directory does not have to exist; if it does not, packages will be
|
|
placed into the current directory, or you can define one of
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Va PKGREPOSITORY"
|
|
.It Va PKGREPOSITORY
|
|
Directory to put the package in.
|
|
.It Va PKGFILE
|
|
The full path to the package.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Va LOCALBASE
|
|
Where existing things are installed and where to search for files when
|
|
resolving dependencies (usually
|
|
.Pa /usr/local ) .
|
|
.It Va PREFIX
|
|
Where to install this port (usually set to the same as
|
|
.Va LOCALBASE ) .
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITES
|
|
Primary sites for distribution files if not found locally.
|
|
.It Va PATCH_SITES
|
|
Primary locations for distribution patch files if not found
|
|
locally.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD
|
|
If set, go to the master
|
|
.Fx
|
|
site for all files.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
|
|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, first.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
|
|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, last.
|
|
.It Va RANDOMIZE_MASTER_SITES
|
|
Try the download locations in a random order.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SORT
|
|
Sort the download locations according to user supplied pattern.
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Dl .dk .sunet.se .se dk.php.net .no .de heanet.dl.sourceforge.net
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_INDEX
|
|
Where to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
source built on
|
|
.Fx
|
|
cluster (for
|
|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/ .
|
|
.It Va FETCHINDEX
|
|
Command to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
(for
|
|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Dq Li "fetch -am" .
|
|
.It Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
|
|
If defined, do not let
|
|
.Cm clean
|
|
recurse to dependencies.
|
|
.It Va FETCH_CMD
|
|
Command to use to fetch files.
|
|
Normally
|
|
.Xr fetch 1 .
|
|
.It Va FORCE_PKG_REGISTER
|
|
If set, overwrite any existing package registration on the system.
|
|
.It Va INTERACTIVE
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it requires interaction.
|
|
.It Va BATCH
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it can be installed 100% automatically.
|
|
.It Va DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES
|
|
If defined, disable check for security vulnerabilities using
|
|
.Xr pkg-audit 8
|
|
when installing new ports.
|
|
.It Va NO_IGNORE
|
|
If defined, allow installation of ports marked as
|
|
.Aq Va FORBIDDEN .
|
|
The default behavior of the Ports framework is to abort when the
|
|
installation of a forbidden port is attempted.
|
|
Of course, these ports may not work as expected, but if you really know
|
|
what you are doing and are sure about installing a forbidden port, then
|
|
.Va NO_IGNORE
|
|
lets you do it.
|
|
.It Va NO_CHECKSUM
|
|
If defined, skip verifying the port's checksum.
|
|
.It Va TRYBROKEN
|
|
If defined, attempt to build a port even if it is marked as
|
|
.Aq Va BROKEN .
|
|
.It Va PORT_DBDIR
|
|
Directory where the results of configuring
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
|
|
are stored.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa /var/db/ports .
|
|
Each port where
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
|
|
have been configured will have a uniquely named sub-directory, containing a
|
|
single file
|
|
.Pa options .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh MAKE VARIABLES
|
|
The following list provides a name and short description for many of the
|
|
variables that are used when building ports.
|
|
More information on these and other related variables may be found in
|
|
.Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/*
|
|
and the
|
|
.Fx
|
|
Porter's Handbook.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "WITH_CCACHE_BUILD"
|
|
.It Va WITH_DEBUG
|
|
.Pq Vt bool
|
|
If set, debugging symbols are installed for ports binaries.
|
|
.It Va WITH_DEBUG_PORTS
|
|
A list of origins for which to set
|
|
.Va WITH_DEBUG .
|
|
.It Va WITH_CCACHE_BUILD
|
|
.Pq Vt bool
|
|
If set, enables the use of
|
|
.Xr ccache 1
|
|
for building ports.
|
|
.It Va CCACHE_DIR
|
|
Which directory to use for the
|
|
.Xr ccache 1
|
|
data.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk" -compact
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports
|
|
The default ports directory.
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
|
|
The big Kahuna.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 0n
|
|
.It Sy Example 1\&: No Building and Installing a Port
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following command builds and installs Emacs.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/editors/emacs
|
|
.Li # Ic make install
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 2\&: No Installing Dependencies with Xr pkg 8
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following example shows how to build and install a port without having to
|
|
build its dependencies.
|
|
Instead, the dependencies are downloaded via
|
|
.Xr pkg 8 .
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic make install-missing-packages
|
|
.Li # Ic make install
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is especially useful, when the dependencies are costly
|
|
in time and resources to build
|
|
.Pq like Pa lang/rust .
|
|
The drawback is that
|
|
.Xr pkg 8
|
|
offers only packages built with the default set of
|
|
.Va OPTIONS .
|
|
.It Sy Example 3\&: No Building a Non-Default Flavor of a Port
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following command builds a non-default flavor of a port.
|
|
(In this case
|
|
.Pa devel/py-pip
|
|
is going to be built with Python 3.7 support.)
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/devel/py-pip
|
|
.Li # Ic env FLAVOR=py37 make build
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 4\&: No Setting Ports Options via Xr make.conf 5
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following lines present various ways of configuring ports options via
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5
|
|
(as an alternative to, e.g., running
|
|
.Dq Li make config ) :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
# Enable NLS for all ports unless configured otherwise
|
|
# using the options dialog.
|
|
OPTIONS_SET= NLS
|
|
# Disable DOCS for all ports overriding the options set
|
|
# via the options dialog.
|
|
OPTIONS_UNSET_FORCE= DOCS
|
|
# Disable DOCS and EXAMPLES for the shells/zsh port.
|
|
shells_zsh_UNSET= DOCS EXAMPLES
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These and other options-related variables are documented in
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.options.mk .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr make 1 ,
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr development 7 ,
|
|
.Xr pkg 7
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional developer documentation:
|
|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr portlint 1
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional user documentation:
|
|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr pkg 8
|
|
.It
|
|
.Lk "https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports" "Searchable index of all ports"
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The Ports Collection
|
|
appeared in
|
|
.Fx 1.0 .
|
|
It has since spread to
|
|
.Nx
|
|
and
|
|
.Ox .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
This manual page was originated by
|
|
.An David O'Brien .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Ports documentation is split over four places \(em
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk ,
|
|
.%B "The Porter's Handbook" ,
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq "Packages and Ports"
|
|
chapter of
|
|
.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook" ,
|
|
and
|
|
this manual page.
|