4db40135ef
Have pwd_mkdb lock the source file while rebuilding the database. When
called by programs such as vipw, the source file is a temporary file and
this does not conflict with the lock on /etc/master.passwd already held
by vipw. When run manually, however, master.passwd is typically specified
as the argument and the locking prevents other programs from messing with
master.passwd during the database rebuild.
Also pwd_mkdb uses a blocking exclusive lock as it may be called from
a script. The -N option was added to cause pwd_mkdb to get the lock
non-blocking and exit with an error if the attempt fails, again useful
for scripts.
158 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
158 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)pwd_mkdb.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 6, 1993
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.Dt PWD_MKDB 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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.Nd "generate the password databases"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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.Op Fl C
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.Op Fl N
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.Op Fl p
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.Op Fl d Ar directory
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.Op Fl s Ar cachesize
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.Op Fl u Ar username
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Pwd_mkdb
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creates
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.Xr db 3
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style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
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These databases are then installed into
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.Pa /etc/spwd.db
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and
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.Pa /etc/pwd.db
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respectively.
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The file is installed into
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.Pa /etc/master.passwd .
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The file must be in the correct format (see
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.Xr passwd 5 ) .
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It is important to note that the format used in this system is
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different from the historic Version 7 style format.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl C
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Check if the password file is in the correct format. Do not
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change, add, or remove any files.
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.It Fl N
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Tell
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.Nm Pwd_mkdb
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to exit with an error if it cannot obtain a lock on the file. By default,
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we block waiting for a lock on the source file. The lock is held through
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the rebuilding of the database.
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.It Fl p
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Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
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.Pa /etc/passwd .
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.It Fl d Ar directory
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Store databases into specified destination directory instead of
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.Pa /etc .
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.It Fl u Ar username
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Only update the record for the specified user. Utilities that
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operate on a single user can use this option to avoid the
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overhead of rebuilding the entire database.
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.It Fl s Ar cachesize
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Specify in megabytes the size of the memory cache used by the
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hashing library. On systems with a large user base, a small cache
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size can lead to prohibitively long database file rebuild times.
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As a rough guide, the memory usage of
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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in megabytes will be a little bit more than twice the figure
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specified here. The default is 2 megabytes.
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.El
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.Pp
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The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
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encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk (``*'')
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.Pp
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The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
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.Xr getpwent 3 ) .
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.Pp
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.Nm Pwd_mkdb
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exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db
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The insecure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db
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The secure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The current password file.
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file.
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr rename 2
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to install them.
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This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
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on the same file system as the
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.Pa /etc
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directory.
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.Pp
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There are the obvious races with multiple people running
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.Nm
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on different password files at the same time.
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The front-ends to
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.Nm pwd_mkdb ,
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1
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and
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.Xr vipw 8 ,
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handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
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.Nm pwd_mkdb ,
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.Xr mkpasswd 8 ,
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which built
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.Xr dbm 3
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style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
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to install them.
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The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
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not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr db 3 ,
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.Xr getpwent 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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