220 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
220 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: fsck.8,v 1.19 1999/03/10 00:08:33 erh Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Christos Zoulas. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 25, 2009
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.Dt FSCK 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fsck
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.Nd file system consistency check and interactive repair
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Cdfnpvy
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.Op Fl B | F
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.Op Fl T Ar fstype : Ns Ar fsoptions
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.Op Fl t Ar fstype
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.Op Fl c Ar fstab
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.Oo Ar special | node Oc ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility invokes file system-specific programs to check
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the special devices listed in the
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.Xr fstab 5
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file or in the command line for consistency.
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.Pp
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It is normally used in the script
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.Pa /etc/rc
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during automatic reboot.
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Traditionally,
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.Nm
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is invoked before the file systems are mounted
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and all checks are done to completion at that time.
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If background checking is available,
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.Nm
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is invoked twice.
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It is first invoked at the traditional time,
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before the file systems are mounted, with the
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.Fl F
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flag to do checking on all the file systems
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that cannot do background checking.
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It is then invoked a second time,
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after the system has completed going multiuser, with the
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.Fl B
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flag to do checking on all the file systems
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that can do background checking.
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Unlike the foreground checking,
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the background checking is started asynchronously
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so that other system activity can proceed
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even on the file systems that are being checked.
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.Pp
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If no file systems are specified,
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.Nm
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reads the table
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.Pa /etc/fstab
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to determine which file systems to check.
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Only partitions in
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.Pa /etc/fstab
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that are mounted
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.Dq rw ,
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.Dq rq
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or
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.Dq ro
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and that have non-zero pass number are checked.
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File systems with pass number 1 (normally just the root file system)
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are always checked one at a time.
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.Pp
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If not in preen mode, the remaining entries are checked in order of
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increasing pass number one at a time.
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This is needed when interaction with
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.Nm
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is required.
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.Pp
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In preen mode, after pass 1 completes, all remaining file systems are checked,
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in pass number order running one process per disk drive in parallel for each
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pass number in increasing order.
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.Pp
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In other words: In preen mode all pass 1 partitions are checked sequentially.
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Next all pass 2 partitions are checked in parallel, one process per disk drive.
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Next all pass 3 partitions are checked in parallel, one process per disk drive.
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etc.
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.Pp
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The disk drive containing each file system is inferred from the shortest prefix
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of the device name that ends in a digit; the remaining characters are assumed
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to be the partition and slice designators.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl C
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Check if the
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.Dq clean
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flag is set in the superblock and skip file system checks if file system was
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properly dismounted and marked clean.
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.It Fl c Ar fstab
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Specify the
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.Pa fstab
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file to use.
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.It Fl d
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Debugging mode.
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Just print the commands without executing them.
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Available
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only if
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.Nm
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is compiled to support it.
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.It Fl f
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Force checking of file systems, even when they are marked clean (for file systems
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that support this).
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.It Fl n
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Causes
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.Nm
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to assume no as the answer to all operator questions, except "CONTINUE?".
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.It Fl p
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Enter preen mode.
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In preen mode, only a restricted class of innocuous
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file system inconsistencies will be corrected.
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If unexpected inconsistencies caused by hardware or
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software failures are encountered, the check program
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will exit with a failure.
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See the manual pages for the individual check programs
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for a list of the sorts of failures that they correct
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when running in preen mode.
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.It Fl F
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Run in foreground mode.
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The check program for each file system is invoked with the
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.Fl F
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flag to determine whether it wishes to run as part of
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the boot up sequence,
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or if it is able to do its job in background after the
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system is up and running.
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A non-zero exit code indicates that it wants to run in foreground
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and the check program is invoked.
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A zero exit code indicates that it is able to run later in background
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and just a deferred message is printed.
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.It Fl B
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Run in background mode.
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The check program for each file system is invoked with the
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.Fl F
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flag to determine whether it wishes to run as part of
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the boot up sequence,
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or if it is able to do its job in background after the
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system is up and running.
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A non-zero exit code indicates that it wanted to run in foreground
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which is assumed to have been done, so the file system is skipped.
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A zero exit code indicates that it is able to run in background
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so the check program is invoked with the
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.Fl B
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flag to indicate that a check on the active file system should be done.
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When running in background mode,
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only one file system at a time will be checked.
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Note that background
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.Nm
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is limited to checking for only the most commonly occurring
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file system abnormalities.
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Under certain circumstances,
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some errors can escape background
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.Nm .
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It is recommended that you perform foreground
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.Nm
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on your systems periodically and whenever you encounter
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file-system\-related panics.
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.It Fl t Ar fstype
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Invoke
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.Nm
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only for the comma separated list of file system types.
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If the
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list starts with
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.Dq no
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then invoke
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.Nm
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for the file system types that are not specified in the list.
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.It Fl v
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Print the commands before executing them.
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.It Fl y
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Causes
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.Nm
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to assume yes
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as the answer to all operator questions.
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.It Fl T Ar fstype : Ns Ar fsoptions
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List of comma separated file system specific options for the specified
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file system type, in the same format as
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.Xr mount 8 .
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact
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.It Pa /etc/fstab
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file system table
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fstab 5 ,
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.Xr fsck_ffs 8 ,
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.Xr fsck_msdosfs 8 ,
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.Xr mount 8
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