173 lines
7.0 KiB
Plaintext
173 lines
7.0 KiB
Plaintext
IMPORTANT NOTE:
|
|
|
|
As of Feb. 11, 2002 (and indeed, for quite some time before that),
|
|
the /etc/rc.diskless{1,2} scripts support a slightly different
|
|
diskless boot process than the one documented in the rest of
|
|
this file (which is 3 years old).
|
|
|
|
I am not deleting the information below because it contains some
|
|
useful background information on diskless operation, but for the
|
|
actual details you should look at /etc/rc.diskless1, /etc/rc.diskless2,
|
|
and the /usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root script which can
|
|
be useful to set up clients and server for diskless boot.
|
|
|
|
--- $FreeBSD$ ---
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
BOOTP configuration mechanism
|
|
|
|
Matthew Dillon
|
|
dillon@backplane.com
|
|
|
|
BOOTP kernels automatically configure the machine's IP address, netmask,
|
|
optional NFS based swap, and NFS based root mount. The NFS server will
|
|
typically export a shared read-only /, /usr, and /var to any number of
|
|
workstations. The shared read-only root is typically either the server's
|
|
own root or, if you are more security conscious, a contrived root.
|
|
|
|
The key issue with starting up a BOOTP kernel is that you typically want
|
|
to export read-only NFS partitions from the server, yet still be able to
|
|
customize each workstation ( or not ).
|
|
|
|
/etc/rc.diskless1 is responsible for doing core mounts and for retargeting
|
|
/conf/ME ( part of the read-only root NFS mount ) to /conf/$IP_OF_CLIENT.
|
|
/etc/rc.conf.local and /etc/rc.local, along with other machine-specific
|
|
configuration files, are typically softlinks to /conf/ME/<filename>.
|
|
|
|
In the BOOTP workstation /conf/$IP/rc.conf.local, you must typically
|
|
turn *OFF* most of the system option defaults in /etc/rc.conf as well
|
|
as do additional custom configuration of your environment
|
|
|
|
The /usr/src/share/examples/diskless directory contains a typical
|
|
X session / sshd based workstation configuration. The directories
|
|
involved are HT.DISKLESS/ and 192.157.86.12/.
|
|
|
|
Essentially, the $IP/ directory ( which rc.diskless looks for in
|
|
/conf/$IP/ ) contains all the junk. The HT.DISKLESS directory exists
|
|
to hold common elements of your custom configuration so you do not have
|
|
to repeat those elements for each workstation. The example /conf
|
|
structure included here shows how to create a working sshd setup ( so
|
|
you can sshd into the diskless workstation ), retarget xdm's pid and error
|
|
files to R+W directories if /usr is mounted read-only, and retarget
|
|
syslogd and other programs. This example is not designed to run out of
|
|
the box and some modifications are required.
|
|
|
|
>> NOTE << HT.DISKLESS/ttys contains the typical configuration required
|
|
to bring X up at boot time. Essentially, it runs xdm in the foreground
|
|
with the appropriate arguments rather then a getty on ttyv0. You must
|
|
run xdm on ttyv0 in order to prevent xdm racing with getty on a virtual
|
|
terminal. Such a race can cause your keyboard to be directed away from
|
|
the X session, essentially making the session unusable.
|
|
|
|
Typically you should start with a clean slate by tar-copying this example
|
|
directory to /conf and then hack on it in /conf rather then in
|
|
/usr/share/examples/diskless.
|
|
|
|
BOOTP CLIENT SETUP
|
|
|
|
Here is a typical kernel configuration. If you have only one ethernet
|
|
interface you do not need to wire BOOTP to a specific interface name.
|
|
BOOTP requires NFS and NFS_ROOT, and our boot scripts require MFS. If
|
|
your /tmp is *not* a softlink to /var/tmp, the scripts also require NULLFS
|
|
|
|
# BootP
|
|
#
|
|
options BOOTP # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
|
|
options BOOTP_NFSROOT # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info
|
|
options "BOOTP_NFSV3" # Use NFS v3 to NFS mount rootoptions
|
|
options BOOTP_COMPAT # Workaround for broken bootp daemons.
|
|
#options "BOOTP_WIRED_TO=de0"
|
|
|
|
options MFS # Memory File System
|
|
options NFS # Network Filesystem
|
|
options NFS_ROOT # Nfs can be root
|
|
options NULLFS # nullfs to map /var/tmp to /tmp
|
|
|
|
BOOTP SERVER SETUP
|
|
|
|
The BOOTP server must be running on the same logical LAN as the the
|
|
BOOTP client(s). You need to setup two things:
|
|
|
|
(1) You need to NFS-export /, /usr, and /var.
|
|
|
|
(2) You need to run a BOOTP server. DHCPD can do this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NFS Export:
|
|
|
|
Here is an example "/etc/exports" file.
|
|
|
|
/ -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
|
|
/usr -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
|
|
/var -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
|
|
|
|
In order to be an NFS server, the server must run portmap, mountd,
|
|
nfsd, and rpc.statd. The standard NFS server options in /etc/rc.conf
|
|
will work ( you should put your overrides in /etc/rc.conf.local on the
|
|
server and not edit the distribution /etc/rc.conf, though ).
|
|
|
|
BOOTP Server:
|
|
|
|
This configuration file "/etc/dhcpd.conf" example is for
|
|
the '/usr/ports/net/isc-dhcp' dhcpd port.
|
|
|
|
subnet 192.157.86.0 netmask 255.255.255.192 {
|
|
# range if you want to run the core dhcpd service of
|
|
# dynamic IP assignment, but it is not used with BOOTP
|
|
# workstations
|
|
range 192.157.86.32 192.157.86.62;
|
|
|
|
# misc configuration.
|
|
#
|
|
option routers 192.157.86.2;
|
|
option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
|
|
|
|
server-name "apollo.fubar.com";
|
|
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.192;
|
|
option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
|
|
option domain-name "fubar.com";
|
|
option broadcast-address 192.157.86.63;
|
|
option routers 192.157.86.2;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
host test1 {
|
|
hardware ethernet 00:a0:c9:d3:38:25;
|
|
fixed-address 192.157.86.11;
|
|
option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
|
|
option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
host test2 {
|
|
# hardware ethernet 00:e0:29:1d:16:09;
|
|
hardware ethernet 00:10:5a:a8:94:0e;
|
|
fixed-address 192.157.86.12;
|
|
option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
|
|
option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
SWAP. This example includes options to automatically BOOTP configure
|
|
NFS swap on each workstation. In order to use this capabilities you
|
|
need to NFS-export a swap directory READ+WRITE to the workstations.
|
|
|
|
You must then create a swap directory for each workstation you wish to
|
|
assign swap to. In this example I created a dummy user 'lander' and
|
|
did an NFS export of /images/swap enforcing a UID of 'lander' for
|
|
all accesses.
|
|
|
|
apollo:/usr/ports/net# ls -la /images/swap
|
|
total 491786
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Dec 28 07:00 .
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 512 Jan 20 10:54 ..
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 33554432 Dec 23 14:35 swap.192.157.86.11
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 335544320 Jan 24 16:55 swap.192.157.86.12
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 134217728 Jan 21 17:19 swap.192.157.86.6
|
|
|
|
A swap file is best created with dd:
|
|
|
|
# create a 32MB swap file for a BOOTP workstation
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.IPADDRESS bs=1m count=32
|
|
|
|
It is generally a good idea to give your workstations some swap space,
|
|
but not a requirement if they have a lot of memory.
|
|
|