369 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
369 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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The FreeBSD/sparc64 port has now changed time_t from 32-bits to 64-bits.
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This file explains the exact steps that users should follow to update their
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sparc64 systems for this change. People running FreeBSD on other types of
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hardware, such as CPU's from Intel or AMD, can ignore this file. For now,
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this change is only happening for people running FreeBSD on Sparc hardware.
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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# Copyright (c) 2004 - Garance Alistair Drosehn <gad@FreeBSD.org>.
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#
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
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# modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
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# document are permitted without further permission from the author.
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#
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# THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY GARANCE DROSEHN ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
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# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GARANCE DROSEHN BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
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# INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
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# (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
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# STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
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# IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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#
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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# $FreeBSD$
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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If you are in too much of a hurry to read this file, then this is not the
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time for you to upgrade to a 64-bit time_t. Period. Stick with a system
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using 32-bit time_t until you have plenty of time to perform an upgrade.
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This statement is true even if you have performed a thousand system upgrades
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in the past, and you are certain that you know everything there is to know
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about upgrades. This upgrade *will* take you more time than previous system
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upgrades, simply because you must recompile at least some of your ports after
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upgrading the base system.
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Do not start this update unless you have the extra time.
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As of March 10th, the official value for time_t on sparc64 has changed to
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be 64-bits. If you really must build system with 32-bit time_t's, then it
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would be best to stick with a snapshot of current from before March 10th.
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With src snapshots after that point, there will soon be ports which assume
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you have a 64-bit time_t based on the value of __FreeBSD_version.
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If you are ready to upgrade, then *READ THIS ENTIRE DOCUMENT* at least
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once before starting the upgrade.
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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This is a major change. This change will *not* be backwards-compatible.
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Any programs which call system-routines for handling time-values will
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have to be recompiled after this change is made.
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Because this change is not backwards-compatible, it is important that
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the following steps be used when upgrading the system. "Shortcuts" that
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have worked for EVERY SINGLE UPGRADE YOU HAVE EVER DONE IN YOUR LIFE are
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probably irrelevant. This change is more disruptive than most of the
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changes which are normally done on freebsd.
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These steps are designed to minimize the chance of you running into any
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trouble. We can not guarantee that these steps will avoid all possible
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problems, but if you ignore these steps you are very likely to run into
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some very painful and time-consuming headaches when upgrading.
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Step Pre-1: Update to a recent snapshot of -current, and first build
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that as a system with 32-bit time_t. To do this, edit
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the file /usr/src/sys/sparc64/include/_types.h
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find the line:
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typedef __int64_t __time_t; /* time()... */
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and change '__int64_t' to '__int32_t'
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Step Pre-2: Install that system, using whatever steps you normally
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use, and make sure that installation seems to work okay.
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Step Pre-3: While still running that 32-bit time_t system, it would
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probably be a good idea to cvsup your ports tree, and
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then upgrade portupgrade (if you use it) and upgrade any
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shells that you use. Eg:
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portupgrade -Rr -f ruby portupgrade
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portupgrade -Rr -f bash
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That way you know you have the latest versions, and you
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will also know you have the most-recent distfiles on
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your machine.
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Step Pre-4: For sparc64 machines which need DHCP:
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The 'dhclient' in the base system is known to be unreliable
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on a system which is upgraded to 64-bit time_t's. It may
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work for you, but it probably will not.
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As of March 10th 2004, we have no fix for that.
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However, the net/isc-dhcp3-client port does seem to work.
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IF your machine needs DHCP, then you should probably install
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that port and make sure you can get it working *before* you
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make the change to use 64-bit time_t's.
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Step Pre-4: For people using database-related ports:
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Ports like PostgreSQL may change how they store data after
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they are recompiled for 64-bTT. So, you may have to do a
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full dump of your data while you still have a 32-bTT system,
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and do a matching initdb/restore of your data after the port
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has been recompiled on the upgraded 64-bTT system.
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After you have built and installed that src-snapshot with 32-bit time_t's,
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edit the file /usr/src/sys/sparc64/include/_types.h
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find the line:
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typedef __int32_t __time_t; /* time()... */
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and change '__int32_t' back to '__int64_t'
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For best results, do NOT make any other changes. Do NOT cvsup the
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source tree trying to pick up any other changes. At this point you
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know that you have a source tree that does work for your system, so
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stick with that source tree (except for making the above 1-line
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change, of course).
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At one point in my testing, I did do a 'cvsup' which just happened
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to pull in one bad commit that broke 'make buildworld', and a second
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bad commit that broke 'make installworld'. Believe me, you REALLY
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REALLY do *not* want to risk problems like that!
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I am not suggesting that you have to do two whole buildworld/
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installworld cycles in a single day. You could easily wait a few
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days, or even a week between them. What I am suggesting is that
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you should not 'cvsup' your sources inbetween the two buildworlds.
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And then follow these steps to build and install the 64-bit time_t system:
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cd /usr/src #- 1.
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make cleanworld #- 2. or 'rm -Rf /usr/obj/usr/src/*'
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make buildworld #- 3.
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make buildkernel #- 4. Add KERNCONF if you usually do.
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NEWSPARC_TIMETYPE=__int64_t #- 5. (Used by a safety-check done
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export NEWSPARC_TIMETYPE #- 5a. by installkernel)
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make installkernel #- 6. Add KERNCONF if you usually do.
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mergemaster -p #- 7.
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# - - A section required for installs over NFS-mounts - - #
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ifconfig -a #- NFS 8a. See note below.
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shutdown now #- NFS 8b. NOT 'shutdown -r now'
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cd /usr/src #- NFS 8c.
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sh installworld_oldk #- NFS 8d. See note below.
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# - - End of this section for NFS-mounts - - #
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reboot #- 9. MUST go into single-user mode
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For many upgrades, it is true that you can "cheat" at this point, and
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get away without actually going into single-user mode straight from
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the reboot. But for this upgrade, you REALLY MUST start up straight
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into single user mode. So, reboot the machine, type a space (or
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anything other than 'Enter') when the boot-loader is counting down.
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And then:
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boot -s #- 10. (command to boot-loader)
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The system will ask you if you want to use /bin/sh or some other shell.
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For this upgrade, just hit enter, even if you usually prefer like some
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other shell instead of /bin/sh.
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fsck -p #- 11.
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# - - A section required for installs over NFS-mounts - - #
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PATH=/boot/kernel/bin:$PATH #- NFS 12.
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# - - End of this section for NFS-mounts - - #
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mount -a -t ufs #- 13.
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swapon -a #- 14.
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# - - A section required for installs over NFS-mounts - - #
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ifconfig hme0 inet .... #- NFS 15a. See note below.
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mount_nfs host:srcdir /usr/src #- NFS 15b. See note below.
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mount_nfs host:objdir /usr/obj #- NFS 15c.
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# - - End of this section for NFS-mounts - - #
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cd /usr/src #- 16.
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sh installworld_newk #- 17. Might want to add -S
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mergemaster #- 18.
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rm -f /var/db/dhclient.leases #- 19. If this host uses DHCP
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reboot #- 20.
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At this point, you should be up-and-running on a system that has 64-bit
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values for time_t. You will have to rebuild anything which depends on
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time_t. Later in this file is a suggested order for upgrading ports.
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If you have a lot of ports which start up daemons or do other processing
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at system-startup, then you might want to have this reboot also go into
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single-user mode for upgrading all of the ports. In my case, I've always
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done a standard reboot at this point and did not run into problems, but
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then I only have 25 ports installed on my SPARC64 system.
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Aside: It is slightly more reasonable to use the 'reboot' command, although
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you may be more familar with using 'shutdown -r now'. The shutdown command
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just turns around and executes '/sbin/reboot', and with this upgrade it is
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best to avoid such redirection.
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# -------+---------+--------- Notes on the above -------+---------+---------+
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General notes on NFS issues:
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For this upgrade to 64-bit time_t's, the change is so disruptive that I
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couldn't get NFS-mounts to work if I booted a "32-bit time_t system"
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(ie: 32-bit versions of /bin, /sbin, /lib, ...) on a 64-bit kernel. So,
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I added the installworld_oldk script. This script does two things:
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1) Creates a mini-/bin inside /boot/kernel.
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2) Does a minimal installworld (while still on the old kernel),
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thus making it possible for NFS-mounts to work when you reboot.
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The first half is a step that would be perfectly safe to do, for any
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upgrade (including non-NFS ones), at any time. It is a generally safe
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and interesting idea, although it really should be implemented as an
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official target in /usr/src/Makefile to be done right.
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The second half would USUALLY be a bad idea to do, but I think it's the
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only way I can get this specific upgrade to work for people that install
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from NFS-mounted directories. It is bad because you are clobbering parts
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of your system even though (in the usual case) you would not know that
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the new kernel actually works on your system. It also does not do a
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full-install, so you end up booting into a system which is part old-
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world, and part new-world. It looks like we can get away with that for
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this upgrade, but the tactic would be too risky for "standard upgrades".
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These instructions assume that you are already familiar with how to do
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installations over NFS-mounted partitions. If you are not, you might
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want to read other references, such as 'man development'.
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Notes on step NFS 8a: ifconfig -a
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This shows to the configuration of all your ethernet interfaces. Write
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down the IP address and netmask of your main interface. This is
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particularly important if the machine obtains its address via DHCP.
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You will not be running dhclient after the reboot in step 8, so just
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re-use the IP address that the machine is using for the present reboot.
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Notes on step NFS 8b: shutdown now
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This will drop you into single-user mode, without rebooting. It
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will ask if you want to use /bin/sh for your shell. You do.
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Notes on step NFS 8d: sh installworld_oldk
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Note that this script only installs *part* of the new world. You will
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still have to reboot into single-user mode and do the full installworld.
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The installworld_oldk script will ask you if you want to build a
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mini-/bin. For this upgrade, you should say "yes".
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Notes on step NFS 15a:
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On my Ultra-10, I have the 'hme0' device as my ethernet card. The output
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of 'ifconfig -a' (from step 'NFS 7a') included the lines:
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hme0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.1.18 netmask 0xffffffe0 broadcast 192.168.1.31
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So for this step, I typed in the command:
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ifconfig hme0 inet 192.168.1.18 netmask 0xffffff00
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Notes on step NFS 15b: mount_nfs
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At this step, you may need to specify the host as an IP address instead
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of a hostname, because the machine will only be able to resolve hostnames
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that are in /etc/hosts.
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In my case, I found it easier to create a source file ahead of time
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which included the ifconfig and mount_nfs commands that I knew I would
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need, and then I just sourced that file after rebooting into single user
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mode. If you made such a source file and put it in your root partition,
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perhaps under /boot, then that file could also include all of the steps
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from 11 through 15c.
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Also, it is best use the 'mount_nfs' command, instead of 'mount -t nfs'.
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If you use the 'mount' command for NFS mounts, it will turn around and
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directly execute /sbin/mount_nfs, and that is not desirable in this case.
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Notes on step 17: sh installworld_newk
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This script will do some setup work, and then ask you if want it to run
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'make installworld'. Most people should just answer "y" (yes) to that
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prompt. You can avoid the prompt by including "-y" or "-n" on the
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command. If you say "n" (no), then it will tell you what commands
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you must type to do the actual installworld.
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The script also recognizes a "-S" parameter, which causes it to use
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symlinks instead of making copies of programs used by the installation
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process. This option will cause less filespace to be used up in /tmp,
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but it might be slower in some cases (especially for installs using
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an NFS-mounted directory for /usr/obj).
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Both this script and the installworld_oldk script also recognize a "-M"
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option. This option causes the script to use the absolute minimum PATH
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setting that "should" be needed to complete an install. This option is
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mainly just for debugging the scripts, though. If you request the
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minimum PATH, and some important file was NOT properly copied, then the
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installworld will immediately die at that point. This might be painful.
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Without "-M", the same oversight would mean that you will run the wrong
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*version* of the command, but that older version might actually work
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perfectly fine. I did all my testing with "-M" to make sure I had
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found all important programs, but there is probably no advantage for
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using it for standard system upgrades. Also, if there are no important
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files overlooked, then "-M" will not make any difference at all.
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# -------+---------+---------+ Upgrading Ports +---------+---------+---------+
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Similar to the recommendation for the upgrading the system, I suggest that
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you do not 'cvsup' your local copy of the ports collection before trying to
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rebuild everything for 64-bit time_t. For one thing, you will have a cvsup
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compiled for 32-bTT (32-bit time_t's), and that will not work well on a
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system which is using 64-bTT. You might find that you have to 'cvsup' for
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some ports, but you will need to get a 64-bTT version of cvsup before you
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can do that.
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One tactic to use for upgrading ports is to rebuild your already-installed
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ports one-at-a-time. If you want to do that, and if you use portupgrade
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to upgrade your ports, then I suggest the first thing you should do is:
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portupgrade -Rr -f ruby portupgrade #- Ports 1.
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Aside: if you get an error about the "ruby-rdoc" port,
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then enter: pkg_deinstall ruby-rdoc
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and repeat the original command.
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portupgrade -Rr -f bash #- Ports 2.
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If you have 'bash' installed, or include any other shells
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which you have installed from the ports collection. If
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your session is *using* one of these shells, then logout
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and log back in after recompiling that shell.
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portupgrade -Rr -f ezm3 cvsup-without-gui #- Ports 3 (maybe).
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If you want to rebuild a 64-bit time_t version of cvsup.
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Note: ezm3 (modula-3) needs a patch to work correctly after the
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change to 64-BTT. That fix has not been commited to the port
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yet [as of Mar 10th], but hopefully it will be commited soon.
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There are pre-built packages available for ezm3 and cvsup-without-gui on
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the new 64-bTT systems. This ezm3 package *does* include the necessarily
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patch. These files are available on the standard ftp servers for FreeBSD.
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If you have previous versions installed, then remove them with:
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pkg_delete cvsup\*
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pkg_delete ezm3\*
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If you get warnings about "unable to completely remove" some
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lib/m3 directories when deleting ezm3, then also enter:
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rm -rf /usr/local/lib/m3
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You can install the new packages with:
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pkg_add ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/gad/ez...
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pkg_add ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/gad/cv...
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Replacing "ez..." with "ezm3-64btt-1.1_1.tbz" and "cv..."
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with "cvsup-without-gui-64btt-16.1h.tbz". You can also use
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some other standard ftp server, instead of ftp3.FreeBSD.org.
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"Now look over all the other ports you have installed, and
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re-compile everything that probably needs to be recompiled".
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If you are going to do it piecemeal, the next ports to force-rebuild would
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probably be languages like perl and python, if you have them installed.
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After that, force-rebuild the ports like autoconf and automake, if you
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have them installed. Or you might want to play it safe at this point,
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and simply recompile *every* port that you have installed.
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A different tactic to use for ports is to remove *all* ports before you
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do the installkernel/installworld step (while you're still on a 32-bTT
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system). Then, once you're up on the 64-bTT system, start making them
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one-by-one. If you follow this tactic, you might want to save the output
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of a 'pkg_info' command before you start removing ports.
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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If you run into problems when making this change, please report them to
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the mailing list freebsd-sparc64@FreeBSD.org .
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# -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
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# Notice that the following command can be useful in some settings:
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grep '#\- ' UPDATING.64BTT
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