7e6cabd06e
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point. Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu> Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
134 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
134 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 5, 1993
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.Dt BADSECT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm badsect
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.Nd create files to contain bad sectors
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Ar bbdir sector ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility makes a file to contain a bad sector.
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Normally, bad sectors
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are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
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a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
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If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
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use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
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makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
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.Xr dd 1 .
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The technique used by this program is also less general than
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bad block forwarding, as
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.Nm
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cannot make amends for
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bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
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.Pp
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On some disks,
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adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
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currently requires the running of the standard
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.Tn DEC
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formatter.
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Thus to deal with a newly bad block
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or on disks where the drivers
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do not support the bad-blocking standard
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.Nm
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may be used to good effect.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
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First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
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Make a directory
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.Li BAD
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there.
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Run
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.Nm
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giving as argument the
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.Ar BAD
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directory followed by
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all the bad sectors you wish to add.
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(The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
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the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
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relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
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Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
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and run
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.Xr fsck 8
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on the file system.
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The bad sectors should show up in two files
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or in the bad sector files and the free list.
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Have
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.Xr fsck 8
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remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
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.Em do not
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have it remove the
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.Pa BAD/ Ns Em nnnnn
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files.
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This will leave the bad sectors in only the
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.Li BAD
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files.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
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.Xr mknod 2
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system call,
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creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
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bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
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When it is discovered by
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.Xr fsck 8
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it will ask
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.Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK \&?" .
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A positive response will cause
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.Xr fsck 8
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to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The
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.Nm
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utility refuses to attach a block that
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resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
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A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fsck 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Bx 4.1 .
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.Sh BUGS
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If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
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you should specify only one of them to
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.Nm ,
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as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
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file system fragment.
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