freebsd-skq/usr.sbin/sysinstall/sysinstall.8

.\" Copyright (c) 1997
.\"	Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org>.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Jordan Hubbard AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL Jordan Hubbard OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd February 18, 2007
.Dt SYSINSTALL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sysinstall
.Nd system installation and configuration tool
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Ar var=value
.Op Ar function
.Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is used for installing and configuring
.Fx
systems.
It is the first utility invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot
floppy and is also available as
.Pa /usr/sbin/sysinstall
on newly installed
.Fx
systems for use in later configuring the system.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility is generally invoked without arguments for the default
behavior, where the main installation/configuration menu is presented.
.Pp
On those occasions where it is deemed necessary to invoke a subsystem
of sysinstall directly, however, it is also possible to do so by
naming the appropriate function entry points on the command line.
Since this action is essentially identical to running an installation
script, each command-line argument corresponding to a line of script,
the reader is encouraged to read the section on scripting for more
information on this feature.
.Sh NOTES
The
.Nm
utility is essentially nothing more than a monolithic C program with
the ability to write MBRs and disk labels (through the services
of the
.Xr libdisk 3
library) and install distributions or packages onto new and
existing
.Fx
systems.
It also contains some extra intelligence
for running as a replacement for
.Xr init 8
when it is invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot procedure.
It
assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and
performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls
(such as
.Xr mount 2 )
directly.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility currently uses the
.Xr dialog 3
library to do user interaction with simple ANSI line graphics, color
support for which is enabled by either running on a syscons VTY or some
other color-capable terminal emulator (newer versions of xterm will support
color when using the
.Dq xterm-color
termcap entry).
.Pp
This product is currently at the end of its life cycle and will
eventually be replaced.
.Sh RUNNING SCRIPTS
The
.Nm
utility may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script.
Such a script may
be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE"
If
.Nm
is compiled with LOAD_CONFIG_FILE set in the environment
(or in the Makefile) to some value, then that value will
be used as the filename to automatically look for and load
when
.Nm
starts up and with no user interaction required.
This option is aimed primarily at large sites who wish to create a
single prototype install for multiple machines with largely identical
configurations and/or installation options.
.It Sy "MAIN MENU"
If
.Nm
is run interactively, that is to say in the default manner, it will
bring up a main menu which contains a "load config file" option.
Selecting this option will prompt for the name of a script file which
it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy.
.It Sy "COMMAND LINE"
Each command line argument is treated as a script directive
when
.Nm
is run in multi-user mode.
Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g.\& calling the
.Ar shutdown
directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error.
.Pp
For example:
.Bd -literal
/usr/sbin/sysinstall _ftpPath=ftp://ziggy/pub/ mediaSetFTP configPackages
.Ed
.Pp
Would initialize
.Nm
for FTP installation media (using the server `ziggy') and then
bring up the package installation editor, exiting when finished.
.El
.Sh SCRIPT SYNTAX
A script is a list of one or more directives, each directive taking
the form of:
.Pp
.Ar var=value
.Pp
.Ar function
.Pp
or
.Ar #somecomment
.Pp
Where
.Ar var=value
is the assignment of some internal
.Nm
variable, e.g.\& "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
.Ar function
is the name of an internal
.Nm
function, e.g.\& "mediaSetFTP", and
.Ar #comment
is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by
sysinstall).
Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names.
This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before
calling a function which requires them.
.Pp
The
.Ar noError
variable can be assigned before each directive: this will cause any error
detected while processing the directive itself to be ignored.
The value of
.Ar noError
will automatically reset to the default "unassigned" every time a directive is
processed.
.Pp
When and where a function depends on the settings of one or more variables
will be noted in the following table:
.Pp
.Sy "Function Glossary" :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It configAnonFTP
Invoke the Anonymous FTP configuration menu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configRouter
Select which routing daemon you wish to use, potentially
loading any required 3rd-party routing daemons as necessary.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It router
can be set to the name of the desired routing daemon,
e.g.\&
.Dq routed
or
.Dq gated ,
otherwise it is prompted for.
.El
.It configNFSServer
Configure host as an NFS server.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configNTP
Configure host as a user of the Network Time Protocol.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ntpdate_hosts
Whitespace-separated list of
.Xr ntpdate 8
servers to sync from.
.El
.It configPCNFSD
Configure host to support PC NFS.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It pcnfsd_pkg
The name of the PCNFSD package to load if necessary (defaults to hard coded
version).
.El
.It configPackages
Bring up the interactive package management menu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configUsers
Add users and/or groups to the system.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskPartitionEditor
Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It geometry
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string.
The word "sane" instructs
.Nm
to calculate a safe (not necessarily optimal) geometry if the
current one has more than 65535 cylinders, more than 256 heads or
more than 63 sectors per track (255 sectors on the PC98
architecture).
Default: no
change to geometry.
.It partition
Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being
.Ar free
in order to use only remaining free space for
.Fx ,
.Ar all
to use the entire disk for
.Fx
but maintain a proper partition
table,
.Ar existing
to use an existing
.Fx
partition (first found),
.Ar exclusive
to use the disk in
.Dq dangerously dedicated
mode or, finally,
.Ar somenumber
to allocate
.Ar somenumber
blocks of available free space to a new
.Fx
partition.
Default: Interactive mode.
.It bootManager
is set to one of
.Ar boot
to signify the installation of a boot manager,
.Ar standard
to signify installation of a "standard" non-boot MGR DOS
MBR or
.Ar none
to indicate that no change to the boot manager is desired.
Default: none.
.It diskInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive disk partition editor.
.El
.Pp
Note: Nothing is actually written to disk by this function, an explicit call to
.Ar diskPartitionWrite
being required for that to happen.
.It diskPartitionWrite
Causes any pending MBR changes (typically from the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function) to be written out.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskLabelEditor
Invokes the disk label editor.
This is a bit trickier from a script
since you need to essentially label everything inside each
.Fx
(type 0xA5) partition created by the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are
laid out.
When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the
installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
the script.
.Pp
For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you have created a new
.Fx
partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1).
The slice name would be
.Ar da0s2
for the whole
.Fx
partition
.Ar ( da0s1
being your DOS primary
partition).
Now let's further assume that you have 4GB in this
partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap,
var and usr file systems for
.Fx .
Your invocation of the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function might involve setting the following variables:
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It Li "da0s2-1=ufs 2097152 /"
A 1GB root file system (all sizes are in 512 byte blocks).
.It Li "da0s2-2=swap 1048576 /"
A 512MB swap partition.
.It Li "da0s2-3=ufs 524288 /var"
A 256MB /var file system.
.It Li "da0s2-4=ufs 0 /usr 1"
With the balance of free space (around 2.25GB) going to the /usr
file system and with soft-updates enabled (the argument following
the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag).
.El
.Pp
One can also use the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new
ones.
Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an
.Pa /etc/fstab
entry is created for it in the new installation.
Before calling the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function, we simply add an additional line:
.Pp
.Dl "da0s1=/dos_c N"
.Pp
before the call.
This tells the label editor that you want to mount
the first slice on
.Pa /dos_c
and not to attempt to newfs it (not that
.Nm
would attempt this for a DOS partition in any case, but it could just
as easily be an existing UFS partition being named here and the 2nd
field is non-optional).
.Pp
You can also set the
.Ar diskInteractive
variable to request that the disk label editor use an interactive dialog
to partition the disk instead of using variables to explicitly layout the
disk as described above.
.Pp
Note: No file system data is actually written to disk until an
explicit call to
.Ar diskLabelCommit
is made.
.It diskLabelCommit
Writes out all pending disklabel information and creates and/or mounts any
file systems which have requests pending from the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distReset
Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetCustom
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g.\& not just one of the
existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It dists
List of distributions to load.
Possible distribution values are:
.Bl -tag -width indentxx
.It Li base
The base binary distribution.
.It Li GENERIC
The GENERIC kernel.
.It Li doc
Miscellaneous documentation
.It Li games
Games
.It Li manpages
Manual pages (unformatted)
.It Li catpages
Pre-formatted manual pages
.It Li proflibs
Profiled libraries for developers.
.It Li dict
Dictionary information (for tools like spell).
.It Li info
GNU info files and other extra docs.
.It Li lib32
(amd64 and powerpc64 only)
32-bit runtime compatibility libraries.
.It Li ports
The ports collection.
.It Li ssecure
/usr/src/secure
.It Li sbase
/usr/src/[top level files]
.It Li scontrib
/usr/src/contrib
.It Li scrypto
/usr/src/crypto
.It Li sgnu
/usr/src/gnu
.It Li setc
/usr/src/etc
.It Li sgames
/usr/src/games
.It Li sinclude
/usr/src/include
.It Li skrb5
/usr/src/kerberos5
.It Li slib
/usr/src/lib
.It Li slibexec
/usr/src/libexec
.It Li srelease
/usr/src/release
.It Li srescue
/usr/src/rescue
.It Li stools
/usr/src/tools
.It Li sbin
/usr/src/bin
.It Li ssbin
/usr/src/sbin
.It Li sshare
/usr/src/share
.It Li ssys
/usr/src/sys
.It Li stools
/usr/src/tools
.It Li subin
/usr/src/usr.bin
.It Li susbin
/usr/src/usr.sbin
.It Li local
Local additions collection.
.El
.El
.It distSetDeveloper
Selects the standard Developer's distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetUser
Selects the standard user distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetMinimum
Selects the very minimum distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetEverything
Selects the full whack - all available distributions.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetSrc
Interactively select source subcomponents.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distExtractAll
Install all currently selected distributions (requires that
media device also be selected).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It docBrowser
Install (if necessary) an HTML documentation browser and go to the
HTML documentation submenu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It browserPackage
The name of the browser package to try and install as necessary.
Defaults to latest links package.
.It browserBinary
The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the
.Ar browserPackage
variable).
Defaults to links.
.El
.It installCommit
Commit any and all pending changes to disk.
This function
is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit"
functions.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installConfigure
Commit any rc.conf changes to disk.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It keeprcconf
Preserve existing rc.conf parameters.
This is useful if you have a post-install script which modifies rc.conf.
.El
.It installExpress
Start an "express" installation, asking few questions of
the user.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installStandard
Start a "standard" installation, the most user-friendly
installation type available.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installUpgrade
Start an upgrade installation.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitHoloShell
Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4
if running as init.
This will also happen automatically
as part of the installation process unless
.Ar noHoloShell
is set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitCDROM
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming a live file system CDROM
currently in the drive.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitFloppy
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming an available fixit floppy
disk (user will be prompted for it).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFilesystems
Do just the file system initialization part of an install.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installVarDefaults
Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any
previous settings.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It loadConfig
Sort of like an #include statement, it allows you to load one
configuration file from another.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It configFile
The fully qualified pathname of the file to load.
.El
.It mediaOpen
If a media device is set, mount it.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaClose
If a media device is open, close it.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetCDROM
Select a
.Fx
CDROM as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetFloppy
Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetDOS
Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media.
The first primary partition found is used (e.g.\& C:).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetFTP
Select an FTP site as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
.It domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
.It defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
.It netDev
Which network interface to use. 
Multiple network interfaces may be specified using a comma delimited list. 
If netDev is set to ANY, all available network interfaces will be probed and the
first interface found to have a link will be used. (non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
.It ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It _ftpPath
The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the
.Fx
distribution you are interested in, e.g.\&
.Ar ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ .
.El
.It mediaSetFTPActive
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using "active" FTP transfer mode.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
Same as for
.Ar mediaSetFTP .
.It mediaSetFTPPassive
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using "passive" FTP transfer mode.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
Same as for
.Ar mediaSetFTP .
.It mediaSetHTTP
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using an HTTP proxy.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
See
.Ar mediaSetFTP ,
plus
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It _httpPath
The proxy to use (host:port) (non-optional).
.El
.It mediaSetUFS
Select an existing UFS partition (mounted with the label editor) as
the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ufs
full /path to directory containing the
.Fx
distribution you are
interested in.
.El
.It mediaSetNFS
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
.It domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
.It defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
.It netDev
Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example.
Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
.It ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It nfs
full hostname:/path specification for directory containing
the
.Fx
distribution you are interested in.
.El
.It mediaSetFTPUserPass
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ftpUser
The username to log in as on the ftp server site.
Default: ftp
.It ftpPass
The password to use for this username on the ftp
server site.
Default: user@host
.El
.It mediaSetCPIOVerbosity
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It cpioVerbose
Can be used to set the verbosity of cpio extractions to low or high.
.El
.It mediaGetType
Interactively get the user to specify some type of media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It optionsEditor
Invoke the interactive options editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It packageAdd
Try to fetch and add a package to the system (requires
that a media type be set),
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It package
The name of the package to add, e.g.\& bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
.El
.It addGroup
Invoke the interactive group editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It addUser
Invoke the interactive user editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It shutdown
Stop the script, terminate sysinstall and reboot the system.
On the sparc64 platform, the system is halted rather than rebooted.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It system
Execute an arbitrary command with
.Xr system 3
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It command
The name of the command to execute.
When running
from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
be made as to what is available until/unless a relatively
full system installation has just been done.
.El
.It tcpMenuSelect
Configure a network device.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
Same as for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
except that
.Ar _ftpPath
is not used.
.El
.Sh DISTRIBUTION MEDIA
The following files can be used to affect the operation of
.Nm
when used during initial system installation.
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa packages/INDEX"
.It Pa cdrom.inf
A text file of properties, listed one per line, that describe the
contents of the media in use.
The syntax for each line is simply
.Dq Ar property No = Ar value .
Currently, only the following properties are recognized.
.Bl -tag -width ".Va CD_MACHINE_ARCH"
.It Va CD_VERSION
This property should be set to the
.Fx
version on the current
media volume.
For example,
.Dq Li "CD_VERSION = 5.3" .
.It Va CD_MACHINE_ARCH
This property should be set to the architecture of the contents on
this volume.
This property is normally only used with
.Fx
products that contain
CDs for different architectures, to provide better error messages if
users try to install packages built for the wrong architecture.
For example,
.Dq Li "CD_MACHINE_ARCH = amd64" .
.It Va CD_VOLUME
In a multi-volume collection (such as the
.Fx
4-CD set), the
.Pa ports/INDEX
file on each disc should contain the full package index for the set.
The last field of the
.Pa INDEX
file denotes which volume the package
appears on, and the
.Va CD_VOLUME
property here defines the volume ID of the current disc.
.El
.It Pa packages/INDEX
The package index file.
Each package is listed on a separate line with additional meta-data
such as the required dependencies.
This index is generated by
.Dq Li "make index"
from the
.Xr ports 7
collection.
When multi-volume support is enabled, an additional field should be
added to each line indicating which media volume contains the given
package.
.El
.Pp
For information about building a full release of
.Fx ,
please see
.Xr release 7 .
.Sh FILES
This utility may edit the contents of
.Pa /etc/rc.conf ,
.Pa /etc/hosts ,
and
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
as necessary to reflect changes in the network configuration.
.Sh SEE ALSO
If you have a reasonably complete source tree online, take
a look at
.Pa /usr/src/usr.sbin/sysinstall/install.cfg
for a sample installation script.
.Sh HISTORY
This version of
.Nm
first appeared in
.Fx 2.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org
.Sh BUGS
Editing slice and partition tables on disks which are currently mounted by
the system is not allowed.
This is generally only a problem when
.Nm
is run on a system that is already installed.
Use
.Xr fdisk 8
and
.Xr bsdlabel 8
for these tasks.
.Pp
There are a (great) number of undocumented variables.
UTSL.