275 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
275 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
README for GAS
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A number of things have changed since version 1 and the wonderful world of gas
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looks very different. There's still a lot of irrelevant garbage lying around
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that will be cleaned up in time. Documentation is scarce, as are logs of the
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changes made since the last gas release. My apologies, and I'll try to get
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something useful.
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Unpacking and Installation - Summary
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====================================
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See ../binutils/README.
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To build just the assembler, make the target all-gas.
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Documentation
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=============
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The GAS release includes texinfo source for its manual, which can be processed
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into `info' or `dvi' forms.
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The DVI form is suitable for printing or displaying; the commands for doing
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this vary from system to system. On many systems, `lpr -d' will print a DVI
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file. On others, you may need to run a program such as `dvips' to convert the
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DVI file into a form your system can print.
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If you wish to build the DVI file, you will need to have TeX installed on your
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system. You can rebuild it by typing:
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cd gas/doc
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make as.dvi
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The Info form is viewable with the GNU Emacs `info' subsystem, or the
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standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo distribution.
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To build the info files, you will need the `makeinfo' program. Type:
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cd gas/doc
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make info
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Specifying names for hosts and targets
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======================================
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The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
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script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
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predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
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three pieces of information in the following pattern:
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ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
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For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
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`--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
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`sparc-sun-sunos4'.
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The `configure' script accompanying GAS does not provide any query
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facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
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`configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
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abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
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you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
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% sh config.sub sun4
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sparc-sun-sunos411
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% sh config.sub sun3
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m68k-sun-sunos411
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% sh config.sub decstation
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mips-dec-ultrix42
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% sh config.sub hp300bsd
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m68k-hp-bsd
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% sh config.sub i386v
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i386-unknown-sysv
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% sh config.sub i786v
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Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
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`configure' options
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===================
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Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
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most often useful for building GAS. `configure' also has several other
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options not listed here.
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configure [--help]
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[--prefix=DIR]
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[--srcdir=PATH]
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[--host=HOST]
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[--target=TARGET]
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[--with-OPTION]
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[--enable-OPTION]
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You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
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prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
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`--help'
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Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.
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`-prefix=DIR'
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Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
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`DIR'.
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`--srcdir=PATH'
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Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
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`configure' can determine that directory automatically.
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`--host=HOST'
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Configure GAS to run on the specified HOST. Normally the
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configure script can figure this out automatically.
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There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
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hosts.
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`--target=TARGET'
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Configure GAS for cross-assembling programs for the specified
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TARGET. Without this option, GAS is configured to assemble .o files
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that run on the same machine (HOST) as GAS itself.
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There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
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targets.
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`--enable-OPTION'
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These flags tell the program or library being configured to
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configure itself differently from the default for the specified
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host/target combination. See below for a list of `--enable'
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options recognized in the gas distribution.
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`configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
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other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
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GAS or its supporting libraries.
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The `--enable' options recognized by software in the gas distribution are:
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`--enable-targets=...'
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This causes one or more specified configurations to be added to those for
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which BFD support is compiled. Currently gas cannot use any format other
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than its compiled-in default, so this option is not very useful.
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`--enable-bfd-assembler'
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This causes the assembler to use the new code being merged into it to use
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BFD data structures internally, and use BFD for writing object files.
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For most targets, this isn't supported yet. For most targets where it has
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been done, it's already the default. So generally you won't need to use
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this option.
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Supported platforms
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===================
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At this point I believe gas to be ansi only code for most target cpu's. That
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is, there should be relatively few, if any host system dependencies. So
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porting (as a cross-assembler) to hosts not yet supported should be fairly
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easy. Porting to a new target shouldn't be too tough if it's a variant of one
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already supported.
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Native assembling should work on:
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sun3
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sun4
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386bsd
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bsd/386
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delta (m68k-sysv from Motorola)
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delta88 (m88k-sysv from Motorola)
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GNU/linux
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m68k hpux 8.0 (hpux 7.0 may be a problem)
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vax bsd, ultrix, vms
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hp9000s300
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decstation
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irix 4
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irix 5
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miniframe (m68k-sysv from Convergent Technologies)
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i386-aix (ps/2)
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hppa (hpux 4.3bsd, osf1)
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AIX
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unixware
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sco 3.2v4.2
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sco openserver 5.0 (a.k.a. 3.2v5.0 )
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sparc solaris
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ns32k (netbsd, lites)
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I believe that gas as a cross-assembler can currently be targetted for
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most of the above hosts, plus
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decstation-bsd (a.out format, to be used in BSD 4.4)
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ebmon29k
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go32 (DOS on i386, with DJGPP -- old a.out version)
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h8/300, h8/500 (Hitachi)
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i386-aix (ps/2)
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i960-coff
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mips ecoff (decstation-ultrix, iris, mips magnum, mips-idt-ecoff)
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Mitsubishi d10v and d30v
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nindy960
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powerpc EABI
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SH (Hitachi)
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sco386
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TI tic30 and tic80
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vax bsd or ultrix?
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vms
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vxworks68k
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vxworks960
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z8000 (Zilog)
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MIPS ECOFF support has been added, but GAS will not run a C-style
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preprocessor. If you want that, rename your file to have a ".S" suffix, and
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run gcc on it. Or run "gcc -xassembler-with-cpp foo.s".
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Support for ELF should work now for sparc, hppa, i386, alpha, m68k,
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MIPS, powerpc.
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Support for sequent (ns32k), tahoe, i860, m88k may be suffering from bitrot.
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If you try out gas on some host or target not listed above, please let me know
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the results, so I can update the list.
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Compiler Support Hacks
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======================
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On a few targets, the assembler has been modified to support a feature
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that is potentially useful when assembling compiler output, but which
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may confuse assembly language programmers. If assembler encounters a
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.word pseudo-op of the form symbol1-symbol2 (the difference of two
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symbols), and the difference of those two symbols will not fit in 16
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bits, the assembler will create a branch around a long jump to
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symbol1, and insert this into the output directly before the next
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label: The .word will (instead of containing garbage, or giving an
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error message) contain (the address of the long jump)-symbol2. This
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allows the assembler to assemble jump tables that jump to locations
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very far away into code that works properly. If the next label is
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more than 32K away from the .word, you lose (silently); RMS claims
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this will never happen. If the -K option is given, you will get a
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warning message when this happens.
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REPORTING BUGS IN GAS
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=====================
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Bugs in gas should be reported to bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org. They may be
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cross-posted to bug-gcc if they affect the use of gas with gcc. They
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should not be reported just to bug-gcc, since I don't read that list,
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and therefore wouldn't see them.
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If you report a bug in GAS, please remember to include:
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A description of exactly what went wrong, and exactly what should have
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happened instead.
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The type of machine (VAX, 68020, etc) and operating system (BSD, SunOS, DYNIX,
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VMS, etc) GAS was running on.
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The configuration name(s) given to the "configure" script. The
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"config.status" file should have this information.
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The options given to GAS at run time.
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The actual input file that caused the problem.
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It is silly to report a bug in GAS without including an input file for GAS.
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Don't ask us to generate the file just because you made it from files you
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think we have access to.
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1. You might be mistaken.
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2. It might take us a lot of time to install things to regenerate that file.
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3. We might get a different file from the one you got, and might not see any
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bug.
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To save us these delays and uncertainties, always send the input file for the
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program that failed. A smaller test case that demonstrates the problem is of
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course preferable, but be sure it is a complete input file, and that it really
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does demonstrate the problem; but if paring it down would cause large delays
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in filing the bug report, don't bother.
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If the input file is very large, and you are on the internet, you may want to
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make it avaliable for anonymous FTP instead of mailing it. If you do, include
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instructions for FTP'ing it in your bug report.
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If you expect to be contributing a large number of test cases, it would be
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helpful if you would look at the test suite included in the release (based on
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the Deja Gnu testing framework, available from the usual ftp sites) and write
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test cases to fit into that framework. This is certainly not required.
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