138 lines
3.2 KiB
Groff
138 lines
3.2 KiB
Groff
.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 3, 1999
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.Dt GETOPT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm getopt
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.Nd parse command options
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm args=\`getopt Ar optstring $*\`
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; errcode=$?; set \-\- $args
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to break up options in command lines for easy parsing by
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shell procedures, and to check for legal options.
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.Ar Optstring
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is a string of recognized option letters (see
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.Xr getopt 3 ) ;
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if a letter is followed by a colon, the option
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is expected to have an argument which may or may not be
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separated from it by white space.
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The special option
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.Ql \-\-
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is used to delimit the end of the options.
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The
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.Nm
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utility will place
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.Ql \-\-
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in the arguments at the end of the options,
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or recognize it if used explicitly.
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The shell arguments
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(\fB$1 $2\fR ...) are reset so that each option is
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preceded by a
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.Ql \-
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and in its own shell argument;
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each option argument is also in its own shell argument.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The following code fragment shows how one might process the arguments
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for a command that can take the options
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.Fl a
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and
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.Fl b ,
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and the option
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.Fl o ,
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which requires an argument.
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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args=\`getopt abo: $*\`
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# you should not use \`getopt abo: "$@"\` since that would parse
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# the arguments differently from what the set command below does.
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]
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then
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echo 'Usage: ...'
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exit 2
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fi
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set \-\- $args
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# You cannot use the set command with a backquoted getopt directly,
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# since the exit code from getopt would be shadowed by those of set,
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# which is zero by definition.
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for i
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do
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case "$i"
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in
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\-a|\-b)
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echo flag $i set; sflags="${i#-}$sflags";
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shift;;
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\-o)
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echo oarg is "'"$2"'"; oarg="$2"; shift;
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shift;;
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\-\-)
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shift; break;;
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esac
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done
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echo single-char flags: "'"$sflags"'"
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echo oarg is "'"$oarg"'"
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This code will accept any of the following as equivalent:
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cmd \-aoarg file file
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cmd \-a \-o arg file file
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cmd \-oarg -a file file
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cmd \-a \-oarg \-\- file file
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.Pp
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr getopts 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr getopt 3
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The
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.Nm
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utility prints an error message on the standard error output and exits with
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status > 0 when it encounters an option letter not included in
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.Ar optstring .
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.Sh HISTORY
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Written by
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.An Henry Spencer ,
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working from a Bell Labs manual page.
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Behavior believed identical to the Bell version.
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Example changed in
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.Fx
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version 3.2 and 4.0.
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.Sh BUGS
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Whatever
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.Xr getopt 3
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has.
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.Pp
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Arguments containing white space or embedded shell metacharacters
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generally will not survive intact; this looks easy to fix but
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isn't.
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People trying to fix
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.Nm
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or the example in this manpage should check the history of this file
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in
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.Fx .
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.Pp
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The error message for an invalid option is identified as coming
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from
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.Nm
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rather than from the shell procedure containing the invocation
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of
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.Nm ;
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this again is hard to fix.
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.Pp
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The precise best way to use the
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.Nm set
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command to set the arguments without disrupting the value(s) of
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shell options varies from one shell version to another.
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.Pp
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Each shellscript has to carry complex code to parse arguments halfway
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correctly (like the example presented here).
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A better getopt-like tool
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would move much of the complexity into the tool and keep the client
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shell scripts simpler.
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