559 lines
17 KiB
Groff
559 lines
17 KiB
Groff
'\" te
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2015 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2013 by Saso Kiselkov. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2014, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2014 Integros [integros.com]
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.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development
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.\" and Distribution License (the "License"). You may not use this file except
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.\" in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy of the license at
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.\" usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
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.\"
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.\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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.\" limitations under the License. When distributing Covered Code, include this
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.\" CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at
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.\" usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. If applicable, add the following below this
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.\" CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your
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.\" own identifying information:
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.\" Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
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.TH ZPOOL-FEATURES 5 "Aug 27, 2013"
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.SH NAME
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zpool\-features \- ZFS pool feature descriptions
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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ZFS pool on\-disk format versions are specified via "features" which replace
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the old on\-disk format numbers (the last supported on\-disk format number is
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28). To enable a feature on a pool use the \fBupgrade\fR subcommand of the
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\fBzpool\fR(1M) command, or set the \fBfeature@\fR\fIfeature_name\fR property
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to \fBenabled\fR.
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.sp
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.LP
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The pool format does not affect file system version compatibility or the ability
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to send file systems between pools.
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.sp
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.LP
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Since most features can be enabled independently of each other the on\-disk
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format of the pool is specified by the set of all features marked as
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\fBactive\fR on the pool. If the pool was created by another software version
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this set may include unsupported features.
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.SS "Identifying features"
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.LP
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Every feature has a guid of the form \fIcom.example:feature_name\fR. The reverse
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DNS name ensures that the feature's guid is unique across all ZFS
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implementations. When unsupported features are encountered on a pool they will
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be identified by their guids. Refer to the documentation for the ZFS
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implementation that created the pool for information about those features.
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.sp
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.LP
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Each supported feature also has a short name. By convention a feature's short
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name is the portion of its guid which follows the ':' (e.g.
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\fIcom.example:feature_name\fR would have the short name \fIfeature_name\fR),
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however a feature's short name may differ across ZFS implementations if
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following the convention would result in name conflicts.
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.SS "Feature states"
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.LP
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Features can be in one of three states:
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBactive\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 12n
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This feature's on\-disk format changes are in effect on the pool. Support for
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this feature is required to import the pool in read\-write mode. If this
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feature is not read-only compatible, support is also required to import the pool
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in read\-only mode (see "Read\-only compatibility").
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBenabled\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 12n
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An administrator has marked this feature as enabled on the pool, but the
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feature's on\-disk format changes have not been made yet. The pool can still be
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imported by software that does not support this feature, but changes may be made
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to the on\-disk format at any time which will move the feature to the
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\fBactive\fR state. Some features may support returning to the \fBenabled\fR
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state after becoming \fBactive\fR. See feature\-specific documentation for
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details.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fBdisabled\fR
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.ad
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.RS 12n
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This feature's on\-disk format changes have not been made and will not be made
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unless an administrator moves the feature to the \fBenabled\fR state. Features
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cannot be disabled once they have been enabled.
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.RE
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.sp
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.LP
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The state of supported features is exposed through pool properties of the form
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\fIfeature@short_name\fR.
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.SS "Read\-only compatibility"
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.LP
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Some features may make on\-disk format changes that do not interfere with other
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software's ability to read from the pool. These features are referred to as
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"read\-only compatible". If all unsupported features on a pool are read\-only
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compatible, the pool can be imported in read\-only mode by setting the
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\fBreadonly\fR property during import (see \fBzpool\fR(1M) for details on
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importing pools).
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.SS "Unsupported features"
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.LP
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For each unsupported feature enabled on an imported pool a pool property
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named \fIunsupported@feature_guid\fR will indicate why the import was allowed
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despite the unsupported feature. Possible values for this property are:
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBinactive\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 12n
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The feature is in the \fBenabled\fR state and therefore the pool's on\-disk
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format is still compatible with software that does not support this feature.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBreadonly\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 12n
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The feature is read\-only compatible and the pool has been imported in
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read\-only mode.
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.RE
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.SS "Feature dependencies"
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.LP
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Some features depend on other features being enabled in order to function
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properly. Enabling a feature will automatically enable any features it
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depends on.
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.SH FEATURES
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.LP
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The following features are supported on this system:
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBasync_destroy\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:async_destroy
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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Destroying a file system requires traversing all of its data in order to
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return its used space to the pool. Without \fBasync_destroy\fR the file system
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is not fully removed until all space has been reclaimed. If the destroy
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operation is interrupted by a reboot or power outage the next attempt to open
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the pool will need to complete the destroy operation synchronously.
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When \fBasync_destroy\fR is enabled the file system's data will be reclaimed
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by a background process, allowing the destroy operation to complete without
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traversing the entire file system. The background process is able to resume
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interrupted destroys after the pool has been opened, eliminating the need
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to finish interrupted destroys as part of the open operation. The amount
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of space remaining to be reclaimed by the background process is available
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through the \fBfreeing\fR property.
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This feature is only \fBactive\fR while \fBfreeing\fR is non\-zero.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBempty_bpobj\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:empty_bpobj
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This feature increases the performance of creating and using a large
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number of snapshots of a single filesystem or volume, and also reduces
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the disk space required.
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When there are many snapshots, each snapshot uses many Block Pointer
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Objects (bpobj's) to track blocks associated with that snapshot.
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However, in common use cases, most of these bpobj's are empty. This
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feature allows us to create each bpobj on-demand, thus eliminating the
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empty bpobjs.
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This feature is \fBactive\fR while there are any filesystems, volumes,
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or snapshots which were created after enabling this feature.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBfilesystem_limits\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.joyent:filesystem_limits
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES extensible_dataset
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.TE
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This feature enables filesystem and snapshot limits. These limits can be used
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to control how many filesystems and/or snapshots can be created at the point in
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the tree on which the limits are set.
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This feature is \fBactive\fR once either of the limit properties has been
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set on a dataset. Once activated the feature is never deactivated.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBlz4_compress\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID org.illumos:lz4_compress
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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\fBlz4\fR is a high-performance real-time compression algorithm that
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features significantly faster compression and decompression as well as a
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higher compression ratio than the older \fBlzjb\fR compression.
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Typically, \fBlz4\fR compression is approximately 50% faster on
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compressible data and 200% faster on incompressible data than
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\fBlzjb\fR. It is also approximately 80% faster on decompression, while
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giving approximately 10% better compression ratio.
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When the \fBlz4_compress\fR feature is set to \fBenabled\fR, the
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administrator can turn on \fBlz4\fR compression on any dataset on the
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pool using the \fBzfs\fR(1M) command. Also, all newly written metadata
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will be compressed with \fBlz4\fR algorithm. Since this feature is not
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read-only compatible, this operation will render the pool unimportable
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on systems without support for the \fBlz4_compress\fR feature. Booting
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off of \fBlz4\fR-compressed root pools is supported.
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This feature becomes \fBactive\fR as soon as it is enabled and will
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never return to being \fBenabled\fB.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBspacemap_histogram\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:spacemap_histogram
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This features allows ZFS to maintain more information about how free space
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is organized within the pool. If this feature is \fBenabled\fR, ZFS will
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set this feature to \fBactive\fR when a new space map object is created or
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an existing space map is upgraded to the new format. Once the feature is
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\fBactive\fR, it will remain in that state until the pool is destroyed.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBmulti_vdev_crash_dump\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.joyent:multi_vdev_crash_dump
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This feature allows a dump device to be configured with a pool comprised
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of multiple vdevs. Those vdevs may be arranged in any mirrored or raidz
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configuration.
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When the \fBmulti_vdev_crash_dump\fR feature is set to \fBenabled\fR,
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the administrator can use the \fBdumpadm\fR(1M) command to configure a
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dump device on a pool comprised of multiple vdevs.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBextensible_dataset\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:extensible_dataset
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This feature allows more flexible use of internal ZFS data structures,
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and exists for other features to depend on.
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This feature will be \fBactive\fR when the first dependent feature uses it,
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and will be returned to the \fBenabled\fR state when all datasets that use
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this feature are destroyed.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBbookmarks\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:bookmarks
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES extensible_dataset
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.TE
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This feature enables use of the \fBzfs bookmark\fR subcommand.
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This feature is \fBactive\fR while any bookmarks exist in the pool.
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All bookmarks in the pool can be listed by running
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\fBzfs list -t bookmark -r \fIpoolname\fR\fR.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBenabled_txg\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:enabled_txg
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE yes
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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Once this feature is enabled ZFS records the transaction group number
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in which new features are enabled. This has no user-visible impact,
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but other features may depend on this feature.
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This feature becomes \fBactive\fR as soon as it is enabled and will
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never return to being \fBenabled\fB.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBhole_birth\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:hole_birth
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES enabled_txg
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.TE
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This feature improves performance of incremental sends ("zfs send -i")
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and receives for objects with many holes. The most common case of
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hole-filled objects is zvols.
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An incremental send stream from snapshot \fBA\fR to snapshot \fBB\fR
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contains information about every block that changed between \fBA\fR and
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\fBB\fR. Blocks which did not change between those snapshots can be
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identified and omitted from the stream using a piece of metadata called
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the 'block birth time', but birth times are not recorded for holes (blocks
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filled only with zeroes). Since holes created after \fBA\fR cannot be
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distinguished from holes created before \fBA\fR, information about every
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hole in the entire filesystem or zvol is included in the send stream.
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For workloads where holes are rare this is not a problem. However, when
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incrementally replicating filesystems or zvols with many holes (for
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example a zvol formatted with another filesystem) a lot of time will
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be spent sending and receiving unnecessary information about holes that
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already exist on the receiving side.
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Once the \fBhole_birth\fR feature has been enabled the block birth times
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of all new holes will be recorded. Incremental sends between snapshots
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created after this feature is enabled will use this new metadata to avoid
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sending information about holes that already exist on the receiving side.
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This feature becomes \fBactive\fR as soon as it is enabled and will
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never return to being \fBenabled\fB.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBembedded_data\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID com.delphix:embedded_data
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This feature improves the performance and compression ratio of
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highly-compressible blocks. Blocks whose contents can compress to 112 bytes
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or smaller can take advantage of this feature.
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When this feature is enabled, the contents of highly-compressible blocks are
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stored in the block "pointer" itself (a misnomer in this case, as it contains
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the compresseed data, rather than a pointer to its location on disk). Thus
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the space of the block (one sector, typically 512 bytes or 4KB) is saved,
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and no additional i/o is needed to read and write the data block.
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This feature becomes \fBactive\fR as soon as it is enabled and will
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never return to being \fBenabled\fR.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBlarge_blocks\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID org.open-zfs:large_block
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES extensible_dataset
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.TE
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The \fBlarge_block\fR feature allows the record size on a dataset to be
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set larger than 128KB.
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This feature becomes \fBactive\fR once a \fBrecordsize\fR property has been
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set larger than 128KB, and will return to being \fBenabled\fR once all
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filesystems that have ever had their recordsize larger than 128KB are destroyed.
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBsha512\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID org.illumos:sha512
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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This feature enables the use of the SHA-512/256 truncated hash algorithm
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(FIPS 180-4) for checksum and dedup. The native 64-bit arithmetic of
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SHA-512 provides an approximate 50% performance boost over SHA-256 on
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64-bit hardware and is thus a good minimum-change replacement candidate
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for systems where hash performance is important, but these systems
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cannot for whatever reason utilize the faster \fBskein\fR and
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\fBedonr\fR algorithms.
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When the \fBsha512\fR feature is set to \fBenabled\fR, the administrator
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can turn on the \fBsha512\fR checksum on any dataset using the
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\fBzfs set checksum=sha512\fR(1M) command. This feature becomes
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\fBactive\fR once a \fBchecksum\fR property has been set to \fBsha512\fR,
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and will return to being \fBenabled\fR once all filesystems that have
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ever had their checksum set to \fBsha512\fR are destroyed.
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Booting off of pools utilizing SHA-512/256 is supported (provided that
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the updated GRUB stage2 module is installed).
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.RE
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.sp
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.ne 2
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.na
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\fB\fBskein\fR\fR
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.ad
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.RS 4n
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.TS
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l l .
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GUID org.illumos:skein
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READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
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DEPENDENCIES none
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.TE
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|
This feature enables the use of the Skein hash algorithm for checksum
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and dedup. Skein is a high-performance secure hash algorithm that was a
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finalist in the NIST SHA-3 competition. It provides a very high security
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margin and high performance on 64-bit hardware (80% faster than
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SHA-256). This implementation also utilizes the new salted checksumming
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functionality in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a
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secret 256-bit random key (stored on the pool) before being fed the data
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block to be checksummed. Thus the produced checksums are unique to a
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given pool, preventing hash collision attacks on systems with dedup.
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When the \fBskein\fR feature is set to \fBenabled\fR, the administrator
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can turn on the \fBskein\fR checksum on any dataset using the
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\fBzfs set checksum=skein\fR(1M) command. This feature becomes
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\fBactive\fR once a \fBchecksum\fR property has been set to \fBskein\fR,
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and will return to being \fBenabled\fR once all filesystems that have
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|
ever had their checksum set to \fBskein\fR are destroyed.
|
|
|
|
Booting off of pools using \fBskein\fR is \fBNOT\fR supported
|
|
-- any attempt to enable \fBskein\fR on a root pool will fail with an
|
|
error.
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.sp
|
|
.ne 2
|
|
.na
|
|
\fB\fBedonr\fR\fR
|
|
.ad
|
|
.RS 4n
|
|
.TS
|
|
l l .
|
|
GUID org.illumos:edonr
|
|
READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE no
|
|
DEPENDENCIES none
|
|
.TE
|
|
|
|
This feature enables the use of the Edon-R hash algorithm for checksum,
|
|
including for nopwrite (if compression is also enabled, an overwrite of
|
|
a block whose checksum matches the data being written will be ignored).
|
|
In an abundance of caution, Edon-R can not be used with dedup
|
|
(without verification).
|
|
|
|
Edon-R is a very high-performance hash algorithm that was part
|
|
of the NIST SHA-3 competition. It provides extremely high hash
|
|
performance (over 350% faster than SHA-256), but was not selected
|
|
because of its unsuitability as a general purpose secure hash algorithm.
|
|
This implementation utilizes the new salted checksumming functionality
|
|
in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a secret
|
|
256-bit random key (stored on the pool) before being fed the data block
|
|
to be checksummed. Thus the produced checksums are unique to a given
|
|
pool.
|
|
|
|
When the \fBedonr\fR feature is set to \fBenabled\fR, the administrator
|
|
can turn on the \fBedonr\fR checksum on any dataset using the
|
|
\fBzfs set checksum=edonr\fR(1M) command. This feature becomes
|
|
\fBactive\fR once a \fBchecksum\fR property has been set to \fBedonr\fR,
|
|
and will return to being \fBenabled\fR once all filesystems that have
|
|
ever had their checksum set to \fBedonr\fR are destroyed.
|
|
|
|
Booting off of pools using \fBedonr\fR is \fBNOT\fR supported
|
|
-- any attempt to enable \fBedonr\fR on a root pool will fail with an
|
|
error.
|
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\fBzpool\fR(1M)
|