322 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
322 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)chmod.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 10, 2008
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.Dt CHMOD 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm chmod ,
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.Nm fchmod ,
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.Nm lchmod ,
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.Nm fchmodat
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.Nd change mode of file
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/stat.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn chmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fchmod "int fd" "mode_t mode"
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.Ft int
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.Fn lchmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fchmodat "int fd" "const char *path" "mode_t mode" "int flag"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The file permission bits of the file named specified by
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.Fa path
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or referenced by the file descriptor
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.Fa fd
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are changed to
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.Fa mode .
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The
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.Fn chmod
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system call verifies that the process owner (user) either owns
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the file specified by
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.Fa path
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(or
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.Fa fd ) ,
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or
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is the super-user.
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The
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.Fn chmod
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system call follows symbolic links to operate on the target of the link
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rather than the link itself.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn lchmod
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system call is similar to
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.Fn chmod
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but does not follow symbolic links.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fchmodat
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is equivalent to either
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.Fn chmod
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or
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.Fn lchmod
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depending on the
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.Fa flag
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except in the case where
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.Fa path
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specifies a relative path.
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In this case the file to be changed is determined relative to the directory
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associated with the file descriptor
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.Fa fd
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instead of the current working directory.
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The values for the
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.Fa flag
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are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following list, defined
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in
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.In fcntl.h :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
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If
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.Fa path
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names a symbolic link, then the mode of the symbolic link is changed.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Fn fchmodat
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is passed the special value
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.Dv AT_FDCWD
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in the
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.Fa fd
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parameter, the current working directory is used.
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If also
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.Fa flag
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is zero, the behavior is identical to a call to
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.Fn chmod .
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.Pp
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A mode is created from
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.Em or'd
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permission bit masks
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defined in
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.In sys/stat.h :
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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#define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
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#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* R for owner */
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#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* W for owner */
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#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* X for owner */
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#define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
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#define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* R for group */
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#define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* W for group */
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#define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* X for group */
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#define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
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#define S_IROTH 0000004 /* R for other */
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#define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* W for other */
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#define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* X for other */
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#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
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#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
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#ifndef __BSD_VISIBLE
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#define S_ISTXT 0001000 /* sticky bit */
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#endif
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Fx
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VM system totally ignores the sticky bit
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.Pq Dv ISTXT
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for executables.
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On UFS-based file systems (FFS, LFS) the sticky
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bit may only be set upon directories.
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.Pp
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If mode
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.Dv ISTXT
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(the `sticky bit') is set on a directory,
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an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
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files of other users in that directory.
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The sticky bit may be
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set by any user on a directory which the user owns or has appropriate
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permissions.
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For more details of the properties of the sticky bit, see
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.Xr sticky 7 .
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.Pp
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If mode ISUID (set UID) is set on a directory,
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and the MNT_SUIDDIR option was used in the mount of the file system,
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then the owner of any new files and sub-directories
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created within this directory are set
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to be the same as the owner of that directory.
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If this function is enabled, new directories will inherit
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the bit from their parents.
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Execute bits are removed from
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the file, and it will not be given to root.
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This behavior does not change the
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requirements for the user to be allowed to write the file, but only the eventual
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owner after it has been created.
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Group inheritance is not affected.
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.Pp
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This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving PC users via
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ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk.
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It provides security holes for shell users and as
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such should not be used on shell machines, especially on home directories.
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This option requires the SUIDDIR
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option in the kernel to work.
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Only UFS file systems support this option.
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For more details of the suiddir mount option, see
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.Xr mount 8 .
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.Pp
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Writing or changing the owner of a file
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turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits
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unless the user is the super-user.
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This makes the system somewhat more secure
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by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files
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from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified,
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at the expense of a degree of compatibility.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Rv -std
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Fn chmod
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system call
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will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
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A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
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or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The named file does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
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.It Bq Er EPERM
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The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
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the effective user ID is not the super-user.
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.It Bq Er EPERM
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The effective user ID is not the super-user, the effective user ID do match the
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owner of the file, but the group ID of the file does not match the effective
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group ID nor one of the supplementary group IDs.
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.It Bq Er EPERM
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The named file has its immutable or append-only flag set, see the
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.Xr chflags 2
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manual page for more information.
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.It Bq Er EROFS
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The named file resides on a read-only file system.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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The
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.Fa path
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argument
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points outside the process's allocated address space.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.It Bq Er EFTYPE
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The effective user ID is not the super-user, the mode includes the sticky bit
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.Dv ( S_ISVTX ) ,
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and path does not refer to a directory.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fchmod
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system call will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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The descriptor is not valid.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The
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.Fa fd
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argument
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refers to a socket, not to a file.
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.It Bq Er EROFS
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The file resides on a read-only file system.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.El
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.Pp
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In addition to the
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.Fn chmod
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errors,
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.Fn fchmodat
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fails if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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The
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.Fa path
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argument does not specify an absolute path and the
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.Fa fd
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argument is neither
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.Fa AT_FDCWD
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nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The value of the
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.Fa flag
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argument is not valid.
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.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
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The
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.Fa path
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argument is not an absolute path and
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.Fa fd
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is neither
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.Dv AT_FDCWD
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nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chmod 1 ,
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.Xr chflags 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr open 2 ,
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.Xr stat 2 ,
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.Xr sticky 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn chmod
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system call is expected to conform to
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.St -p1003.1-90 ,
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except for the return of
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.Er EFTYPE
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and the use of
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.Dv S_ISTXT .
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The
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.Fn fchmodat
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system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn chmod
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function appeared in
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.At v7 .
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The
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.Fn fchmod
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system call appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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The
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.Fn lchmod
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system call appeared in
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.Fx 3.0 .
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The
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.Fn fchmodat
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system call appeared in
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.Fx 8.0 .
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