750 lines
21 KiB
Groff
750 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 7, 2000
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.Dt NTPQ 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ntpq
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.Nd standard NTP query program
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl inp
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.Op Fl c Ar command
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.Op Ar host ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to query NTP servers
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which implement the recommended NTP mode 6 control message format
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about current state and to request changes in that state.
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The
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program may be run either in interactive mode or controlled using
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command line arguments.
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Requests to read and write arbitrary
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variables can be assembled, with raw and pretty-printed output
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options being available.
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The
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.Nm
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utility can also obtain and print a
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list of peers in a common format by sending multiple queries to the
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server.
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.Pp
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If one or more request options is included on the command line
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when
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.Nm
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is executed, each of the requests will be sent
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to the NTP servers running on each of the hosts given as command
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line arguments, or on localhost by default.
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If no request options
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are given,
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.Nm
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will attempt to read commands from the
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standard input and execute these on the NTP server running on the
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first host given on the command line, again defaulting to localhost
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when no other host is specified.
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The
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.Nm
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utility will prompt for
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commands if the standard input is a terminal device.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility uses NTP mode 6 packets to communicate with the
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NTP server, and hence can be used to query any compatible server on
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the network which permits it.
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Note that since NTP is a UDP protocol
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this communication will be somewhat unreliable, especially over
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large distances in terms of network topology.
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The
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.Nm
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utility makes
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one attempt to retransmit requests, and will time requests out if
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the remote host is not heard from within a suitable timeout
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time.
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.Pp
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For examples and usage, see the
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.Qq "NTP Debugging Techniques"
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page
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(available as part of the HTML documentation
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provided in
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.Pa /usr/share/doc/ntp ) .
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c
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The following argument is interpreted as an interactive format
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command and is added to the list of commands to be executed on the
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specified host(s).
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Multiple
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.Fl c
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options may be given.
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.It Fl i
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Force
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.Nm
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to operate in interactive mode.
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Prompts
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will be written to the standard output and commands read from the
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standard input.
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.It Fl n
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Output all host addresses in dotted-quad numeric format rather
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than converting to the canonical host names.
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.It Fl p
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Print a list of the peers known to the server as well as a
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summary of their state.
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This is equivalent to the
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.Ic peers
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interactive command.
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.El
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.Pp
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Specifying a
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command line option other than
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.Fl i
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or
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.Fl n
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will
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cause the specified query (queries) to be sent to the indicated
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host(s) immediately.
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Otherwise,
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.Nm
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will attempt to read
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interactive format commands from the standard input.
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.Ss "Internal Commands"
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Interactive format commands consist of a keyword followed by zero
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to four arguments.
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Only enough characters of the full keyword to
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uniquely identify the command need be typed.
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The output of a
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command is normally sent to the standard output, but optionally the
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output of individual commands may be sent to a file by appending a
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.Ql \&> ,
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followed by a file name, to the command line.
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A
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number of interactive format commands are executed entirely within
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the
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.Nm
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utility itself and do not result in NTP mode 6
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requests being sent to a server.
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These are described following.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic \&? Op Ar command_keyword
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.It Ic help Op Ar command_keyword
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A
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.Ql \&?
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by itself will print a list of all the command
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keywords known to this incarnation of
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.Nm .
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A
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.Ql \&?
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followed by a command keyword will print function and usage
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information about the command.
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This command is probably a better
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source of information about
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.Nm
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than this manual
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page.
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.It Xo Ic addvars
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.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value ...
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.Xc
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.It Ic rmvars Ar variable_name ...
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.It Ic clearvars
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The data carried by NTP mode 6 messages consists of a list of
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items of the form
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.Ql variable_name=value ,
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where the
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.Ql =value
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is ignored, and can be omitted,
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in requests to the server to read variables.
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The
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.Nm
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utility maintains an internal list in which data to be included in control
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messages can be assembled, and sent using the
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.Ic readlist
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and
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.Ic writelist
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commands described below.
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The
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.Ic addvars
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command allows variables and their optional values to be added to
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the list.
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If more than one variable is to be added, the list should
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be comma-separated and not contain white space.
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The
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.Ic rmvars
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command can be used to remove individual variables from the list,
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while the
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.Ic clearlist
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command removes all variables from the
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list.
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.It Ic authenticate Cm yes | Cm no
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Normally
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.Nm
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does not authenticate requests unless
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they are write requests.
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The command
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.Ql authenticate yes
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causes
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.Nm
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to send authentication with all requests it
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makes.
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Authenticated requests causes some servers to handle
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requests slightly differently, and can occasionally melt the CPU in
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fuzzballs if you turn authentication on before doing a
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.Ic peer
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display.
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.It Ic cooked
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Causes output from query commands to be "cooked", so that
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variables which are recognized by
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.Nm
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will have their
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values reformatted for human consumption.
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Variables which
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.Nm
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thinks should have a decodable value but didn't are
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marked with a trailing
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.Ql \&? .
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.It Xo Ic debug
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.Cm more |
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.Cm less |
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.Cm off
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.Xc
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Turns internal query program debugging on and off.
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.It Ic delay Ar milliseconds
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Specify a time interval to be added to timestamps included in
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requests which require authentication.
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This is used to enable
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(unreliable) server reconfiguration over long delay network paths
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or between machines whose clocks are unsynchronized.
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Actually the
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server does not now require timestamps in authenticated requests,
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so this command may be obsolete.
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.It Ic host Ar hostname
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Set the host to which future queries will be sent.
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Hostname may
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be either a host name or a numeric address.
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.It Ic hostnames Cm yes | Cm no
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If
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.Cm yes
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is specified, host names are printed in
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information displays.
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If
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.Cm no
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is specified, numeric
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addresses are printed instead.
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The default is
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.Cm yes ,
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unless
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modified using the command line
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.Fl n
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switch.
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.It Ic keyid Ar keyid
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This command allows the specification of a key number to be
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used to authenticate configuration requests.
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This must correspond
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to a key number the server has been configured to use for this
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purpose.
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.It Xo Ic ntpversion
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.Cm 1 |
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.Cm 2 |
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.Cm 3 |
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.Cm 4
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.Xc
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Sets the NTP version number which
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.Nm
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claims in
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packets.
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Defaults to 3, Note that mode 6 control messages (and
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modes, for that matter) didn't exist in NTP version 1.
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There appear
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to be no servers left which demand version 1.
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.It Ic quit
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Exit
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.Nm .
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.It Ic passwd
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This command prompts you to type in a password (which will not
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be echoed) which will be used to authenticate configuration
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requests.
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The password must correspond to the key configured for
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use by the NTP server for this purpose if such requests are to be
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successful.
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.It Ic raw
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Causes all output from query commands is printed as received
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from the remote server.
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The only formating/interpretation done on
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the data is to transform nonascii data into a printable (but barely
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understandable) form.
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.It Ic timeout Ar milliseconds
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Specify a timeout period for responses to server queries.
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The
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default is about 5000 milliseconds.
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Note that since
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.Nm
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retries each query once after a timeout, the total waiting time for
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a timeout will be twice the timeout value set.
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.El
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.Ss Control Message Commands
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Each peer known to an NTP server has a 16 bit integer association
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identifier assigned to it.
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NTP control messages which carry peer
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variables must identify the peer the values correspond to by
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including its association ID.
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An association ID of 0 is special,
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and indicates the variables are system variables, whose names are
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drawn from a separate name space.
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.Pp
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Control message commands result in one or more NTP mode 6
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messages being sent to the server, and cause the data returned to
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be printed in some format.
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Most commands currently implemented send
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a single message and expect a single response.
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The current
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exceptions are the peers command, which will send a preprogrammed
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series of messages to obtain the data it needs, and the mreadlist
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and mreadvar commands, which will iterate over a range of
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associations.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic associations
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Obtains and prints a list of association identifiers and peer
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statuses for in-spec peers of the server being queried.
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The list is
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printed in columns.
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The first of these is an index numbering the
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associations from 1 for internal use, the second the actual
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association identifier returned by the server and the third the
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status word for the peer.
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This is followed by a number of columns
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containing data decoded from the status word.
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See the peers command
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for a decode of the
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.Sq condition
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field.
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Note that the data
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returned by the
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.Ic associations
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command is cached internally
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in
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.Xr ntpq 8 .
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The index is then of use when dealing with stupid
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servers which use association identifiers which are hard for humans
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to type, in that for any subsequent commands which require an
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association identifier as an argument, the form of index may be
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used as an alternative.
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.It Xo Ic clockvar Op Ar assocID
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.Oo
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.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value ...
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.Oc
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.Ar ...
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.Xc
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.It Xo Ic cv Op Ar assocID
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.Oo
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.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value ...
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.Oc
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.Ar ...
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.Xc
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Requests that a list of the server's clock variables be sent.
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Servers which have a radio clock or other external synchronization
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will respond positively to this.
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If the association identifier is
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omitted or zero the request is for the variables of the
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.Sq system clock
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and will generally get a positive response from all
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servers with a clock.
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If the server treats clocks as pseudo-peers,
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and hence can possibly have more than one clock connected at once,
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referencing the appropriate peer association ID will show the
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variables of a particular clock.
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Omitting the variable list will
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cause the server to return a default variable display.
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.It Ic lassociations
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Obtains and prints a list of association identifiers and peer
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statuses for all associations for which the server is maintaining
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state.
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This command differs from the
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.Ic associations
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command
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only for servers which retain state for out-of-spec client
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associations (i.e., fuzzballs).
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Such associations are normally
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omitted from the display when the
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.Ic associations
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command is
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used, but are included in the output of
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.Ic lassociations .
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.It Ic lpassociations
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Print data for all associations, including out-of-spec client
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associations, from the internally cached list of associations.
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This
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command differs from
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.Ic passociations
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only when dealing with
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fuzzballs.
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.It Ic lpeers
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Like R peers, except a summary of all associations for which
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the server is maintaining state is printed.
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This can produce a much
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longer list of peers from fuzzball servers.
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.It Ic mreadlist Ar assocID Ar assocID
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.It Ic mrl Ar assocID Ar assocID
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Like the
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.Ic readlist
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command, except the query is done
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for each of a range of (nonzero) association IDs.
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This range is
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determined from the association list cached by the most recent
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.Ic associations
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command.
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.It Xo Ic mreadvar Ar assocID Ar assocID
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.Oo
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.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value ...
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.Oc
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.Xc
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.It Xo Ic mrv Ar assocID Ar assocID
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.Oo
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.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value ...
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.Oc
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.Xc
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Like the
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.Ic readvar
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command, except the query is done for
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each of a range of (nonzero) association IDs.
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This range is
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determined from the association list cached by the most recent
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.Ic associations
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command.
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.It Ic opeers
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An old form of the
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.Ic peers
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command with the reference ID
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replaced by the local interface address.
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.It Ic passociations
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Displays association data concerning in-spec peers from the
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internally cached list of associations.
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This command performs
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identically to the
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.Ic associations
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except that it displays
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the internally stored data rather than making a new query.
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.It Ic peers
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Obtains a current list peers of the server, along with a
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summary of each peer's state.
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Summary information includes the
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address of the remote peer, the reference ID (0.0.0.0 if this is
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unknown), the stratum of the remote peer, the type of the peer
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(local, unicast, multicast or broadcast), when the last packet was
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received, the polling interval, in seconds, the reachability
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register, in octal, and the current estimated delay, offset and
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dispersion of the peer, all in milliseconds.
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The character in the left margin indicates the fate of this
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peer in the clock selection process.
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Following is a list of these
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characters, the pigeon used in the
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.Ic rv
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command, and a short
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explanation of the condition revealed.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It space
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.Pq reject
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The peer is discarded as unreachable, synchronized to this
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server (synch loop) or outrageous synchronization distance.
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.It x
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.Pq falsetick
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The peer is discarded by the intersection algorithm as a
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falseticker.
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.It \&.
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.Pq excess
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The peer is discarded as not among the first ten peers sorted
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by synchronization distance and so is probably a poor candidate for
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further consideration.
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.It \&-
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.Pq outlyer
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The peer is discarded by the clustering algorithm as an
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outlyer.
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.It \&+
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.Pq candidate
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The peer is a survivor and a candidate for the combining
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algorithm.
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.It \&#
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.Pq selected
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The peer is a survivor, but not among the first six peers
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sorted by synchronization distance.
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If the association is ephemeral,
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it may be demobilized to conserve resources.
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.It \&*
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.Pq peer
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The peer has been declared the system peer and lends its
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variables to the system variables.
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.It o
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.Pq (pps.peer)
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The peer has been declared the system peer and lends its
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variables to the system variables.
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However, the actual system
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synchronization is derived from a pulse-per-second (PPS) signal,
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either indirectly via the PPS reference clock driver or directly
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via kernel interface.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Va flash
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variable is a valuable debugging aid.
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It
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displays the results of the original sanity checks defined in the
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NTP specification RFC-1305 and additional ones added in NTP Version
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4.
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There are eleven tests called
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.Sy TEST1
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through
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.Sy TEST11 .
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The tests are performed in a certain order
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designed to gain maximum diagnostic information while protecting
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against accidental or malicious errors.
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The
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.Va flash
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variable
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is first initialized to zero.
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If after each set of tests one or
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more bits are set, the packet is discarded.
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.Pp
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Tests
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.Sy TEST4
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and
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.Sy TEST5
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check the access
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permissions and cryptographic message digest.
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If any bits are set
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after that, the packet is discarded.
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Tests
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.Sy TEST10
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and
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.Sy TEST11
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check the authentication state using Autokey
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public-key cryptography, as described in the
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.Sx Authentication Options
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section of
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.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
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If any bits are set
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and the association has previously been marked reachable, the
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packet is discarded; otherwise, the originate and receive
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timestamps are saved, as required by the NTP protocol, and
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processing continues.
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.Pp
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Tests
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.Sy TEST1
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through
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.Sy TEST3
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check the packet
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timestamps from which the offset and delay are calculated.
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If any
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bits are set, the packet is discarded; otherwise, the packet header
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variables are saved.
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Tests
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.Sy TEST6
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through
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.Sy TEST8
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check the health of the server.
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If any bits are set, the packet is
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discarded; otherwise, the offset and delay relative to the server
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are calculated and saved.
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Test
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.Sy TEST9
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checks the health of
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the association itself.
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If any bits are set, the packet is
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discarded; otherwise, the saved variables are passed to the clock
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filter and mitigation algorithms.
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.Pp
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The
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.Va flash
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bits for each test read in increasing order
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from the least significant bit are defined as follows.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Sy TEST1
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Duplicate packet.
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The packet is at best a casual retransmission
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and at worst a malicious replay.
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.It Sy TEST2
|
|
Bogus packet.
|
|
The packet is not a reply to a message previously
|
|
sent.
|
|
This can happen when the NTP daemon is restarted and before
|
|
somebody else notices.
|
|
.It Sy TEST3
|
|
Unsynchronized.
|
|
One or more timestamp fields are invalid.
|
|
This
|
|
normally happens when the first packet from a peer is
|
|
received.
|
|
.It Sy TEST4
|
|
Access is denied.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Qq "Access Control"
|
|
page.
|
|
.It Sy TEST5
|
|
Cryptographic authentication fails.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Authentication Options
|
|
section of
|
|
.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
|
|
.It Sy TEST6
|
|
The server is unsynchronized.
|
|
Wind up its clock first.
|
|
.It Sy TEST7
|
|
The server stratum is at the maximum than 15.
|
|
It is probably
|
|
unsynchronized and its clock needs to be wound up.
|
|
.It Sy TEST8
|
|
Either the root delay or dispersion is greater than one second,
|
|
which is highly unlikely unless the peer is synchronized to
|
|
Mars.
|
|
.It Sy TEST9
|
|
Either the peer delay or dispersion is greater than one second,
|
|
which is higly unlikely unless the peer is on Mars.
|
|
.It Sy TEST10
|
|
The autokey protocol has detected an authentication failure.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Authentication Options
|
|
section of
|
|
.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
|
|
.It Sy TEST11
|
|
The autokey protocol has not verified the server or peer is
|
|
authentic and has valid public key credentials.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Authentication Options
|
|
section of
|
|
.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional system variables used by the NTP Version 4 Autokey
|
|
support include the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Ic certificate Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the certificate file was
|
|
created.
|
|
.It Ic hostname Ar host
|
|
Shows the name of the host as returned by the Unix
|
|
.Xr gethostname 3
|
|
library function.
|
|
.It Ic flags Ar hex
|
|
Shows the current flag bits, where the
|
|
.Ar hex
|
|
bits
|
|
are interpreted as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It 0x01
|
|
autokey enabled
|
|
.It 0x02
|
|
RSA public/private key files present
|
|
.It 0x04
|
|
PKI certificate file present
|
|
.It 0x08
|
|
Diffie-Hellman parameters file present
|
|
.It 0x10
|
|
NIST leapseconds table file present
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ic leapseconds Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the NIST leapseconds table file was
|
|
created.
|
|
.It Ic params Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the Diffie-Hellman agreement
|
|
parameter file was created.
|
|
.It Ic publickey Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the RSA public/private key files
|
|
were created.
|
|
.It Ic refresh Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the public cryptographic values were
|
|
refreshed and signed.
|
|
.It Ic tai Ar offset
|
|
Shows the TAI-UTC offset in seconds obtained from the NIST
|
|
leapseconds table.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional peer variables used by the NTP Version 4 Autokey
|
|
support include the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Ic certificate Ar filestamp
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the certificate file was
|
|
created.
|
|
.It Ic flags Ar hex
|
|
Shows the current flag bits, where the
|
|
.Ar hex
|
|
bits are
|
|
interpreted as in the system variable of the same name.
|
|
The bits
|
|
are set in the first autokey message received from the server and
|
|
then reset as the associated data are obtained from the server and
|
|
stored.
|
|
.It Ic hcookie Ar hex
|
|
Shows the host cookie used in the key agreement algorithm.
|
|
.It Ic initkey Ar key
|
|
Shows the initial key used by the key list generator in the
|
|
autokey protocol.
|
|
.It Ic initsequence Ar index
|
|
Shows the initial index used by the key list generator in the
|
|
autokey protocol.
|
|
.It Ic pcookie Ar hex
|
|
Specifies the peer cookie used in the key agreement
|
|
algorithm.
|
|
.It Ic timestamp Ar time
|
|
Shows the NTP seconds when the last autokey key list was
|
|
generated and signed.
|
|
.It Ic pstatus Ar assocID
|
|
Sends a read status request to the server for the given
|
|
association.
|
|
The names and values of the peer variables returned
|
|
will be printed.
|
|
Note that the status word from the header is
|
|
displayed preceding the variables, both in hexadecimal and in
|
|
pidgeon English.
|
|
.It Ic readlist Ar assocID
|
|
.It Ic rl Ar assocID
|
|
Requests that the values of the variables in the internal
|
|
variable list be returned by the server.
|
|
If the association ID is
|
|
omitted or is 0 the variables are assumed to be system variables.
|
|
Otherwise they are treated as peer variables.
|
|
If the internal
|
|
variable list is empty a request is sent without data, which should
|
|
induce the remote server to return a default display.
|
|
.It Xo Ic readvar Ar assocID
|
|
.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.It Xo Ic rv Ar assocID
|
|
.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Requests that the values of the specified variables be returned
|
|
by the server by sending a read variables request.
|
|
If the
|
|
association ID is omitted or is given as zero the variables are
|
|
system variables, otherwise they are peer variables and the values
|
|
returned will be those of the corresponding peer.
|
|
Omitting the
|
|
variable list will send a request with no data which should induce
|
|
the server to return a default display.
|
|
.It Xo Ic writevar Ar assocID
|
|
.Ar variable_name Ns Op = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Like the readvar request, except the specified variables are
|
|
written instead of read.
|
|
.It Ic writelist Op Ar assocID
|
|
Like the readlist request, except the internal list variables
|
|
are written instead of read.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ntp.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr ntpd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ntpdc 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic peers
|
|
command is non-atomic and may occasionally result in
|
|
spurious error messages about invalid associations occurring and
|
|
terminating the command.
|
|
The timeout time is a fixed constant,
|
|
which means you wait a long time for timeouts since it assumes sort
|
|
of a worst case.
|
|
The program should improve the timeout estimate as
|
|
it sends queries to a particular host, but doesn't.
|