570 lines
16 KiB
Groff
570 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd April 18, 1994
|
|
.Dt PS 1
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ps
|
|
.Nd process status
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl aCcefHhjlmrSTuvwxZ
|
|
.Op Fl M Ar core
|
|
.Op Fl N Ar system
|
|
.Op Fl O Ar fmt
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar fmt
|
|
.Op Fl p Ar pid
|
|
.Op Fl t Ar tty
|
|
.Oo Fl U Ar username Ns Xo
|
|
.Op , Ns Ar username Ns No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility
|
|
displays a header line followed by lines containing information about your
|
|
processes that have controlling terminals.
|
|
This information is sorted by controlling terminal, then by process
|
|
.Tn ID .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The information displayed is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
.Fl O
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
options).
|
|
The default output format includes, for each process, the process'
|
|
.Tn ID ,
|
|
controlling terminal, cpu time (including both user and system time),
|
|
state, and associated command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The process file system (see
|
|
.Xr procfs 5 )
|
|
should be mounted when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The options are as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
|
|
This can be disabled by setting the
|
|
.Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
|
|
sysctl to zero.
|
|
.It Fl c
|
|
Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the executable name,
|
|
rather than the full command line.
|
|
.It Fl C
|
|
Change the way the cpu percentage is calculated by using a ``raw''
|
|
cpu calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this normally has
|
|
no effect).
|
|
.It Fl e
|
|
Display the environment as well.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
|
|
This option is honored only if the uid of the user is 0.
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
Show all of the
|
|
.Em kernel visible
|
|
threads associated with each process. Depending on the threading package that
|
|
is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
|
|
or all of the process threads.
|
|
.It Fl h
|
|
Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
|
|
header per page of information.
|
|
.It Fl j
|
|
Print information associated with the following keywords:
|
|
user, pid, ppid, pgid, jobc, state, tt, time and command.
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
List the set of available keywords.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Display information associated with the following keywords:
|
|
uid, pid, ppid, cpu, pri, nice, vsz, rss, mwchan, state, tt, time
|
|
and command.
|
|
.It Fl M
|
|
Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
|
|
instead of the default
|
|
.Pa /dev/kmem .
|
|
.It Fl m
|
|
Sort by memory usage, instead of by process
|
|
.Tn ID .
|
|
.It Fl N
|
|
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
|
|
.Pa /boot/kernel/kernel .
|
|
.It Fl O
|
|
Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
|
|
of keywords specified, after the process
|
|
.Tn ID ,
|
|
in the default information
|
|
display.
|
|
Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string.
|
|
This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
|
|
the standard header.
|
|
.It Fl o
|
|
Display information associated with the space or comma separated
|
|
list of keywords specified.
|
|
Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
option.
|
|
Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string.
|
|
This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
|
|
the standard header.
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Display information associated with the specified process
|
|
.Tn ID .
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
Sort by current cpu usage, instead of by process
|
|
.Tn ID .
|
|
.It Fl S
|
|
Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
|
|
children to their parent process.
|
|
.It Fl T
|
|
Display information about processes attached to the device associated
|
|
with the standard input.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
|
|
device.
|
|
.It Fl U
|
|
Display the processes belonging to the specified
|
|
.Ar username Ns (s) .
|
|
.It Fl u
|
|
Display information associated with the following keywords:
|
|
user, pid, %cpu, %mem, vsz, rss, tt, state, start, time and command.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
option implies the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
option.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Display information associated with the following keywords:
|
|
pid, state, time, sl, re, pagein, vsz, rss, lim, tsiz,
|
|
%cpu, %mem and command.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
option implies the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
option.
|
|
.It Fl w
|
|
Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
|
|
is your window size.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
option is specified more than once,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
|
|
.It Fl x
|
|
Display information about processes without controlling terminals.
|
|
.It Fl Z
|
|
Add label to the list of keywords for which
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display information.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
|
|
Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width lockname
|
|
.It %cpu
|
|
The cpu utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
|
|
a minute of previous (real) time.
|
|
Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
|
|
be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
|
|
.Tn \&%CPU
|
|
fields to exceed 100%.
|
|
.It %mem
|
|
The percentage of real memory used by this process.
|
|
.It flags
|
|
The flags associated with the process as in
|
|
the include file
|
|
.Aq Pa sys/proc.h :
|
|
.Bl -column P_NOCLDSTOP P_NOCLDSTOP
|
|
.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
|
|
.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
|
|
.It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x00004 Loaded into memory"
|
|
.It Dv "P_NOCLDSTOP" Ta No "0x00008 No SIGCHLD when children stop"
|
|
.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
|
|
.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
|
|
.It Dv "P_SELECT" Ta No "0x00040 Selecting; wakeup/waiting danger"
|
|
.It Dv "P_SINTR" Ta No "0x00080 Sleep is interruptible"
|
|
.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
|
|
.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
|
|
.It Dv "P_TIMEOUT" Ta No "0x00400 Timing out during sleep"
|
|
.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
|
|
.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Debugging process has waited for child"
|
|
.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
|
|
.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
|
|
.It Dv "P_OWEUPC" Ta No "0x20000 Owe process an addupc() call at next ast"
|
|
.It Dv "P_SWAPPING" Ta No "0x40000 Process is being swapped"
|
|
.El
|
|
.It label
|
|
The MAC label of the process.
|
|
.It lim
|
|
The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
|
|
.Xr setrlimit 2 .
|
|
.It lstart
|
|
The exact time the command started, using the ``%c'' format described in
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 .
|
|
.It lockname
|
|
The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
|
|
If the name is invalid or unknown, then
|
|
.Dq ???\&
|
|
is displayed.
|
|
.It mwchan
|
|
The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
|
|
the process is blocked on a lock.
|
|
See the wchan and lockname keywords
|
|
for details.
|
|
.It nice
|
|
The process scheduling increment (see
|
|
.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
|
|
.It rss
|
|
the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
|
|
.It start
|
|
The time the command started.
|
|
If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
|
|
displayed using the ``%l:ps.1p'' format described in
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 .
|
|
If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
|
|
displayed using the ``%a6.15p'' format.
|
|
Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the ``%e%b%y'' format.
|
|
.It state
|
|
The state is given by a sequence of letters, for example,
|
|
.Dq Tn RWNA .
|
|
The first letter indicates the run state of the process:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
|
|
.It D
|
|
Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
|
|
.It I
|
|
Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
|
|
.It J
|
|
Marks a process which is in
|
|
.Xr jail 2 .
|
|
The hostname of the prison can be found in
|
|
.Ql /proc/<pid>/status .
|
|
.It L
|
|
Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
|
|
.It R
|
|
Marks a runnable process.
|
|
.It S
|
|
Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
|
|
.It T
|
|
Marks a stopped process.
|
|
.It Z
|
|
Marks a dead process (a ``zombie'').
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
|
|
information:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
|
|
.It +
|
|
The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
|
|
.It <
|
|
The process has raised
|
|
.Tn CPU
|
|
scheduling priority.
|
|
.It >
|
|
The process has specified a soft limit on memory requirements and is
|
|
currently exceeding that limit; such a process is (necessarily) not
|
|
swapped.
|
|
.It A
|
|
the process has asked for random page replacement
|
|
.Pf ( Dv MADV_RANDOM ,
|
|
from
|
|
.Xr madvise 2 ,
|
|
for example, lisp in a garbage collect).
|
|
.It E
|
|
The process is trying to exit.
|
|
.It L
|
|
The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
|
|
.Tn I/O ) .
|
|
.It N
|
|
The process has reduced
|
|
.Tn CPU
|
|
scheduling priority (see
|
|
.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
|
|
.It S
|
|
The process has asked for
|
|
.Tn FIFO
|
|
page replacement
|
|
.Pf ( Dv MADV_SEQUENTIAL ,
|
|
from
|
|
.Xr madvise 2 ,
|
|
for example, a large image processing program using virtual memory to
|
|
sequentially address voluminous data).
|
|
.It s
|
|
The process is a session leader.
|
|
.It V
|
|
The process is suspended during a
|
|
.Xr vfork 2 .
|
|
.It W
|
|
The process is swapped out.
|
|
.It X
|
|
The process is being traced or debugged.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It tt
|
|
An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
|
|
The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
|
|
.Pa /dev/tty ,
|
|
or, for the console, ``con''.
|
|
This is followed by a ``-'' if the process can no longer reach that
|
|
controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
|
|
.It wchan
|
|
The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
|
|
When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
|
|
trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
|
|
as 324000.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
|
|
has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
|
|
is listed as ``<defunct>'', and a process which is blocked while trying
|
|
to exit is listed as ``<exiting>''.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility
|
|
makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
|
|
process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
|
|
The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
|
|
is entitled to destroy this information, so the names cannot be depended
|
|
on too much.
|
|
The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
|
|
.Sh KEYWORDS
|
|
The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
|
|
meanings.
|
|
Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width sigignore -compact
|
|
.It %cpu
|
|
percentage cpu usage (alias pcpu)
|
|
.It %mem
|
|
percentage memory usage (alias pmem)
|
|
.It acflag
|
|
accounting flag (alias acflg)
|
|
.It args
|
|
command and arguments
|
|
.It comm
|
|
command
|
|
.It command
|
|
command and arguments
|
|
.It cpu
|
|
short-term cpu usage factor (for scheduling)
|
|
.It etime
|
|
elapsed running time
|
|
.It flags
|
|
the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias f)
|
|
.It inblk
|
|
total blocks read (alias inblock)
|
|
.It jobc
|
|
job control count
|
|
.It ktrace
|
|
tracing flags
|
|
.It label
|
|
MAC label
|
|
.It lim
|
|
memoryuse limit
|
|
.It logname
|
|
login name of user who started the process
|
|
.It lstart
|
|
time started
|
|
.It majflt
|
|
total page faults
|
|
.It minflt
|
|
total page reclaims
|
|
.It msgrcv
|
|
total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It msgsnd
|
|
total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It lockname
|
|
lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
|
|
.It mwchan
|
|
wait channel or lock currently blocked on
|
|
.It nice
|
|
nice value (alias ni)
|
|
.It nivcsw
|
|
total involuntary context switches
|
|
.It nsigs
|
|
total signals taken (alias nsignals)
|
|
.It nswap
|
|
total swaps in/out
|
|
.It nvcsw
|
|
total voluntary context switches
|
|
.It nwchan
|
|
wait channel (as an address)
|
|
.It oublk
|
|
total blocks written (alias oublock)
|
|
.It paddr
|
|
swap address
|
|
.It pagein
|
|
pageins (same as majflt)
|
|
.It pgid
|
|
process group number
|
|
.It pid
|
|
process
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It poip
|
|
pageouts in progress
|
|
.It ppid
|
|
parent process
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It pri
|
|
scheduling priority
|
|
.It re
|
|
core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It rgid
|
|
real group
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It rgroup
|
|
group name (from rgid)
|
|
.It rlink
|
|
reverse link on run queue, or 0
|
|
.It rss
|
|
resident set size
|
|
.It rtprio
|
|
realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
|
|
.It ruid
|
|
real user
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It ruser
|
|
user name (from ruid)
|
|
.It sid
|
|
session
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It sig
|
|
pending signals (alias pending)
|
|
.It sigcatch
|
|
caught signals (alias caught)
|
|
.It sigignore
|
|
ignored signals (alias ignored)
|
|
.It sigmask
|
|
blocked signals (alias blocked)
|
|
.It sl
|
|
sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It start
|
|
time started
|
|
.It state
|
|
symbolic process state (alias stat)
|
|
.It svgid
|
|
saved gid from a setgid executable
|
|
.It svuid
|
|
saved uid from a setuid executable
|
|
.It tdev
|
|
control terminal device number
|
|
.It time
|
|
accumulated cpu time, user + system (alias cputime)
|
|
.It tpgid
|
|
control terminal process group
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.\".It trss
|
|
.\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
|
|
.It tsid
|
|
control terminal session
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It tsiz
|
|
text size (in Kbytes)
|
|
.It tt
|
|
control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
|
|
.It tty
|
|
full name of control terminal
|
|
.It uprocp
|
|
process pointer
|
|
.It ucomm
|
|
name to be used for accounting
|
|
.It uid
|
|
effective user
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It upr
|
|
scheduling priority on return from system call (alias usrpri)
|
|
.It user
|
|
user name (from uid)
|
|
.It vsz
|
|
virtual size in Kbytes (alias vsize)
|
|
.It wchan
|
|
wait channel (as a symbolic name)
|
|
.It xstat
|
|
exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
The following environment variables affect the execution of
|
|
.Nm :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
|
|
.It Ev COLUMNS
|
|
If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /var/db/kvm_kernel.db -compact
|
|
.It Pa /dev/kmem
|
|
default kernel memory
|
|
.It Pa /dev/lomac
|
|
interface used to query the
|
|
.Xr lomac 4
|
|
KLD
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/dev.db
|
|
/dev name database
|
|
.It Pa /var/db/kvm_kernel.db
|
|
system namelist database
|
|
.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
|
|
default system namelist
|
|
.It Pa /proc
|
|
the mount point of
|
|
.Xr procfs 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr w 1 ,
|
|
.Xr kvm 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 ,
|
|
.Xr lomac 4 ,
|
|
.Xr procfs 5 ,
|
|
.Xr pstat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mutex 9
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.At v4 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Since
|
|
.Nm
|
|
cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
|
|
process, the information it displays can never be exact.
|