2310 lines
96 KiB
Plaintext
2310 lines
96 KiB
Plaintext
# @(#)europe 7.46
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# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
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# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
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# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
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# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
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# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
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# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
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#
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# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
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# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
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# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
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# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
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# of the IATA's data after 1990.
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#
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# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
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# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
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#
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# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
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# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
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# I found in the UCLA library.
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#
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# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
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# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
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# Corrections are welcome!
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# std dst
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# LMT Local Mean Time
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# -4:00 AST Atlantic
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# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
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# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
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# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
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# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
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# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
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# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
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# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
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# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
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#
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# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
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#
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# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
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# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
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# Oxford University Press (1980).
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
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# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
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# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
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# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
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# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
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# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
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# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
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# ...
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# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
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# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
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# ...
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# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
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# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
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# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
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# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
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# in the Directive.
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###############################################################################
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# United Kingdom
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# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
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#
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# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
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# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
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# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
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# of the text said:
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#
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# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
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# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
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# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
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# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
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# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
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# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
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# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
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#
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# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
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# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
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# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
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#
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# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
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# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
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#
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# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
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# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
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# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
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# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
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# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
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# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
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# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
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# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
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# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
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# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
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# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
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# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
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# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
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# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
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# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
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# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
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# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
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# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
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# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
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#
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# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
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# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
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# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
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# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
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# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
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# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
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# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
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# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
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# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
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# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
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# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
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# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
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# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
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# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
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# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
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#
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
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# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
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#
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# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
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# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
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# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
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# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
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# and 1994 are:
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# Start End
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# 1993 28 March 24 October
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# 1994 27 March 23 October
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# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
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#
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# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
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# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
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# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
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#
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# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
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# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
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# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
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# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
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# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
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# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
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# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
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# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
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# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
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# to specify the EC specified dates.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
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#
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# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
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# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
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# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
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# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
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#
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# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
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# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
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# regarding double summer time.
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#
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# [two other similar questions omitted]
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#
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# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
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# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
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# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
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# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
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# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
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# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
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# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
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# Monday, 2nd April.'
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# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
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# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
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# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
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# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
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# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
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#
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# > # Current rules
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# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
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#
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# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
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# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
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# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
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# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
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# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
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# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
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# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
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# what will happen.
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#
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# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
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# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
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# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
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# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
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# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
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# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
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# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
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# be the end of it.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
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#
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# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
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# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
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# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
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# summer months'.
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#
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# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
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# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
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#
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# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
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# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
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# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
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#
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# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
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# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
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#
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# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
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# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
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# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
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# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
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# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
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#
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# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
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# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
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#
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# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
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# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
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# was different.
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#
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# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
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# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
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#
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# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
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# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
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#
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# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
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# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
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# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
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# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
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# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
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# sequence would have been:
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# Dublin London
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# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
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# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
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# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
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# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
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# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
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#
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# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
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# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
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# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
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# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
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#
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# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
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# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
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# ever since it first started in 1916.
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#
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# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
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# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
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#
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# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
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# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
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# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
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# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
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# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
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# except for wartime double summer time.
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#
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# As evidence I would cite:
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
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#
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# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
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# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
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# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
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#
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# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
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#
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# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
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# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
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# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
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# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
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#
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# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
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# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
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# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
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# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
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# so approved.
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#
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# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
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# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
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#
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# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
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# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
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# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
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#
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# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
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# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
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#
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# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
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# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
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# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
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# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
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# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
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#
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# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
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# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
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#
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# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
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# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
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#
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# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
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# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
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#
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# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
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# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
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# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
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# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
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# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
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# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
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# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
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# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
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# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
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# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
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# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
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# England and Wales were indivisible.
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#
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# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
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# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
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#
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# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
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# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
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#
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# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
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# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
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#
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# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
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# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
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# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
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#
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# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
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# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
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#
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# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
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#
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# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
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# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
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# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
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# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
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# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
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# measures saying it didn't.
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#
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# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
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#
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# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
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# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
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#
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# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
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# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
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# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
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# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
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# 1 hour.
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#
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# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
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# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
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# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
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#
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# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
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# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
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# to 01:00 GMT.)
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#
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# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
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#
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# This specifies dates of:
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# Start End
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# 1993 28 March 24 October
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# 1994 27 March 23 October
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# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
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#
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# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
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#
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# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
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# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
|
|
# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
|
|
# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
|
|
# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
|
|
#
|
|
# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
|
|
# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
|
|
# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
|
|
# throughout the UK.
|
|
#
|
|
# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
|
|
#
|
|
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
|
|
# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
|
|
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
|
|
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
|
|
# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
|
|
# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
|
|
# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
|
|
# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
|
|
#
|
|
# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
|
|
# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
|
|
# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
|
|
# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
|
|
# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
|
|
# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
|
|
# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
|
|
# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
|
|
# summer time in 1968....
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
|
|
#
|
|
# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
|
|
# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
|
|
# all the Acts.
|
|
#
|
|
# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
|
|
#
|
|
# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
|
|
# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
|
|
# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
|
|
# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
|
|
#
|
|
# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
|
|
# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
|
|
# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
|
|
# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
|
|
# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
|
|
# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
|
|
# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
|
|
# again so they leave it out.
|
|
#
|
|
# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
|
|
# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
|
|
# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
|
|
# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
|
|
#
|
|
# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
|
|
# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
|
|
# ## Lines like this are comments.
|
|
# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
|
|
# ## Control lines are of the form
|
|
# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
|
|
# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
|
|
# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
|
|
# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
|
|
# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
|
|
# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
|
|
# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
|
|
# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
|
|
# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
|
|
# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
|
|
# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
|
|
#
|
|
# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
|
|
#
|
|
# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
|
|
# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
|
|
# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
|
|
#
|
|
# # Summer Time Act, 1916
|
|
# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
|
|
#
|
|
# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
|
|
# # unknown Order or Orders ???
|
|
# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
|
|
# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
|
|
# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
|
|
# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
|
|
# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
|
|
# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
|
|
#
|
|
# # Summer Time Act, 1922
|
|
# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
|
|
# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
|
|
# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
|
|
#
|
|
# # Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
|
|
#
|
|
# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
|
|
# 1939 3 April 3 November
|
|
# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
|
|
# 1940 4 feb 0 none
|
|
# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
|
|
# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
|
|
# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
|
|
# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
|
|
# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
|
|
# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
|
|
# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
|
|
# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
|
|
# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
|
|
#
|
|
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
# 1946 3 April 1 October
|
|
#
|
|
# # Summer Time Act, 1947
|
|
# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
|
|
# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
|
|
# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
|
|
# # Unknown Order ???
|
|
# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
|
|
# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
|
|
# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
|
|
# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
|
|
# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
|
|
# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
|
|
# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
|
|
#
|
|
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
|
|
#
|
|
# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
|
|
# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
|
|
# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
|
|
# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
|
|
# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
|
|
# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
|
|
# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
|
|
# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
|
|
# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
|
|
# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
|
|
# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
|
|
# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
|
|
# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
|
|
# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
|
|
#
|
|
# # Summer Time Act, 1972
|
|
# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
|
|
#
|
|
# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
|
|
# # First EC Directive ???
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
|
|
# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Second EC Directive ???
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
|
|
# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Third EC Directive ???
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
|
|
# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Fourth EC Directive ???
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
|
|
# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Fifth EC Directive ???
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
|
|
# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
|
|
# # Sixth EC Directive
|
|
# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
|
|
# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
|
|
# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
|
|
# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
|
|
# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
|
|
# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
|
|
# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
|
|
# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
|
|
# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
|
|
# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
|
|
# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
|
|
# 1996 31 March 27 October
|
|
# 1997 30 March 26 October
|
|
#
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
|
|
# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
|
|
# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
|
|
# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC
|
|
# seventh Summer Time Directive....
|
|
#
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06):
|
|
# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European
|
|
# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements.
|
|
# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of
|
|
# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October....
|
|
# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States.
|
|
# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond
|
|
# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that
|
|
# this will happen though....
|
|
# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea.
|
|
# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will
|
|
# be quietly dropped.
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
|
|
# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
|
|
# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
|
|
# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
|
|
# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
|
|
# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
|
|
# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
|
|
# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
|
|
# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
|
|
# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
|
|
#
|
|
# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
|
|
# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
|
|
# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
|
|
# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
|
|
# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
|
|
# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
|
|
# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
|
|
# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
|
|
# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
|
|
#
|
|
# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
|
|
# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
|
|
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
|
|
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
|
|
# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
|
|
# It actually just had one transition.
|
|
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
|
|
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
|
|
# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
|
|
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
|
|
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
|
|
#
|
|
# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
|
|
# we'll ignore them for now.
|
|
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
|
|
# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
|
|
# conform with Great Britain.
|
|
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
|
|
|
|
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
|
|
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
|
|
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
|
|
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
|
|
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
|
|
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
|
|
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# 1916 to 1925--irregular
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# 1981 on
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
|
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
|
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
|
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
|
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/IST
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Continental Europe
|
|
|
|
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
|
|
# Common Market, etc.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
|
|
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
|
|
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
|
|
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
|
|
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
|
|
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
|
|
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
|
|
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
|
|
|
|
# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
|
|
# The official German names ... are
|
|
#
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
|
|
#
|
|
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
|
|
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
|
|
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
|
|
#
|
|
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
|
|
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
|
|
# Postfach 3345
|
|
# D-38023 Braunschweig
|
|
# phone: +49 531 592-0
|
|
#
|
|
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
|
|
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
|
|
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
|
|
#
|
|
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Albania
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
|
|
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
|
|
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Andorra
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Austria
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belarus
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belgium
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
|
|
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
|
|
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
|
|
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
|
|
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
|
|
# pp 8-9.
|
|
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
|
|
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
|
|
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
|
|
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
|
|
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
|
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
|
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Bulgaria
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
|
|
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
|
|
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Croatia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Czech Republic
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
|
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Denmark
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
|
|
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
|
|
#
|
|
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
|
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
|
|
0:00 - WET 1981
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
|
|
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
|
|
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
|
|
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
|
|
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
|
|
-2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
|
|
-1:00 EU EG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
|
|
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-3:00 EU WG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
|
|
-4:00 Thule A%sT
|
|
|
|
# Estonia
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
|
|
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
|
|
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
|
|
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
|
|
#
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
|
|
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
|
|
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
|
|
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
|
|
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
|
|
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
|
|
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
|
|
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
|
|
# summer time next spring.''
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Finland
|
|
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
|
|
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
|
|
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
|
|
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
|
|
# Go with Strang instead.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
|
1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
|
|
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# France
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
|
|
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
|
|
#
|
|
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
|
|
# From Shanks (1991):
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
|
|
# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
|
|
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
|
|
# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
|
|
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Germany
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Gibraltar
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Greece
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
|
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
|
|
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
|
|
# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
|
|
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Hungary
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Iceland
|
|
#
|
|
# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
|
|
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-05):
|
|
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
|
|
# Iceland Almanak.
|
|
#
|
|
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
|
|
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
|
|
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
|
|
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
|
|
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
|
|
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
|
|
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-10):
|
|
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
|
|
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
|
|
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
|
|
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
|
|
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
|
|
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
|
|
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
|
|
# might mean something else (???).
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
|
|
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
|
|
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
|
|
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
|
|
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
|
|
-1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
|
|
-1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
|
0:00 - GMT
|
|
|
|
# Italy
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
|
|
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
|
|
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
|
|
# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
|
|
# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
|
|
#
|
|
# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
|
|
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
|
|
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
|
|
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
|
|
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
|
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
|
|
|
|
# Latvia
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
|
|
# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
|
|
# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Latvia EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Liechtenstein
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
|
|
1:00 - CET 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Lithuania
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
|
|
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
|
|
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
|
|
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
|
|
|
|
# Luxembourg
|
|
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
|
|
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
|
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Macedonia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Malta
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
|
|
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Moldova
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Monaco
|
|
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Netherlands
|
|
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
|
|
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
|
|
0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
|
|
0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Norway
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
|
|
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# Svalbard
|
|
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
|
|
#
|
|
# Jan Mayen
|
|
# From Whitman:
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
|
|
|
|
# Poland
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
|
|
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
|
|
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
|
|
# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
|
|
# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
|
|
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
|
|
|
|
# Portugal
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
|
|
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
|
|
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
|
#
|
|
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
|
|
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
|
|
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
|
|
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
|
|
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
|
|
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
|
|
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
|
|
-0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
|
|
-1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
|
|
-2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
|
|
-1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
-1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
|
-1:00 EU AZO%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
|
|
-1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
|
|
-1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Romania
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
|
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Russia
|
|
|
|
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
|
|
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
|
|
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
|
|
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
|
|
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
|
|
# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
|
|
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
|
|
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
|
|
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
|
|
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
|
|
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
|
|
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
|
|
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
|
|
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
|
|
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
|
|
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
|
|
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
|
|
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
|
|
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
|
2:00 Poland CET 1946
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
|
|
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
|
|
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
|
|
4:00 Russia SAM%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
|
|
5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
|
|
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
|
|
6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia OS%s
|
|
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
|
|
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
|
|
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
|
|
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
|
|
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
|
|
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
|
|
7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia NS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
6:00 - KRSK 1957 Mar
|
|
7:00 Russia KRS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 KRSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
6:00 - KRSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia KRS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
|
|
7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
|
|
8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
8:00 Russia IS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
|
|
9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
9:00 Russia YS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
|
|
8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
|
|
9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
|
|
10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
10:00 Russia VS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
10:00 - MGK 1957 Mar
|
|
11:00 Russia MG%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
10:00 1:00 MGD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
10:00 - MGK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia MG%s
|
|
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
|
|
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
|
|
12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
12:00 Russia PS%s
|
|
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
|
|
13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
13:00 Russia AS%s
|
|
|
|
# Slovakia
|
|
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
|
|
|
|
# Slovenia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Spain
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
|
|
0:00 - WET 1924
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
|
|
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
|
|
1:00 - CET 1986
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
|
-1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
|
|
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
|
|
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
|
|
|
|
# Sweden
|
|
|
|
# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
|
|
#
|
|
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
|
|
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
|
|
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
|
|
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
|
|
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
|
|
#
|
|
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
|
|
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
|
|
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
|
|
# year!...
|
|
#
|
|
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
|
|
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
|
|
#
|
|
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
|
|
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
|
|
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
|
|
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
|
1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Switzerland
|
|
# From Howse (1988), p 82:
|
|
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
|
|
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
|
|
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
|
|
# From Shanks (1991):
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
|
|
0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Turkey
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
|
|
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
|
|
|
|
# Ukraine
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
|
|
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
|
|
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
|
|
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
|
|
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
|
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
|
|
3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD
|
|
|
|
# Yugoslavia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
|
|
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
|
|
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
|
|
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
|
|
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
|
|
#
|
|
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
|
|
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
|
|
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
|
|
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
|
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
|
|
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
|
|
# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
|
|
# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
|
|
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
|
|
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
|
|
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
|
|
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
|
|
# years...
|
|
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
|
|
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
|
|
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
|
|
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
|
|
#
|
|
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
|
|
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
|
|
#
|
|
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
|
|
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
|
|
# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
|
|
# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
|
|
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
|
|
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
|
|
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
|
|
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
|
|
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
|
|
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
|
|
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
|
|
# dates...
|
|
#
|
|
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
|
|
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
|
|
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
|
|
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
|
|
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
|
|
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
|
|
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
|
|
# in advance of normal time.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...
|
|
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
|
|
# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
|
|
# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
|
|
|
|
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
|
|
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
|
|
# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
|
|
# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
|
|
# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
|
|
# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
|
|
# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
|
|
# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
|
|
# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
|
|
# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
|
|
# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
|
|
#
|
|
# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
|
|
# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
|
|
# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
|