711 lines
20 KiB
Groff
711 lines
20 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 18, 2011
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.Dt PS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ps
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.Nd process status
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aCcdefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
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.Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
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.Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
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.Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
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.Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
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all of your
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processes that have controlling terminals.
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.Pp
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A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
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combination of the
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.Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
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and
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.Fl U
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options.
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If more than one of these options are given, then
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.Nm
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will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
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given options.
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.Pp
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For the processes which have been selected for display,
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.Nm
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will usually display one line per process.
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The
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.Fl H
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option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
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some processes.
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By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
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terminal, then by process ID.
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The
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.Fl m , r , u ,
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and
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.Fl v
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options will change the sort order.
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If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
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will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
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.Pp
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For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
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to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
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.Fl L , O ,
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and
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.Fl o
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options).
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The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
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controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
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state, and associated command.
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.Pp
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The process file system (see
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.Xr procfs 5 )
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should be mounted when
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.Nm
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is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
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This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
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unless the
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.Fl x
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option is also specified.
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This can be disabled by setting the
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.Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
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sysctl to zero.
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.It Fl c
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Change the
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.Dq command
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column output to just contain the executable name,
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rather than the full command line.
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.It Fl C
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Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
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.Dq raw
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CPU calculation that ignores
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.Dq resident
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time (this normally has
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no effect).
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.It Fl d
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Arrange processes into descendancy order and prefix each command with
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indentation text showing sibling and parent/child relationships.
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If either of the
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.Fl m
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and
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.Fl r
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options are also used, they control how sibling processes are sorted
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relative to each other.
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Note that this option has no effect if the
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.Dq command
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column is not the last column displayed.
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.It Fl e
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Display the environment as well.
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.It Fl f
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Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
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This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
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.It Fl G
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Display information about processes which are running with the specified
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real group IDs.
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.It Fl H
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Show all of the
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.Em kernel visible
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threads associated with each process.
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Depending on the threading package that
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is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
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or all of the process threads.
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.It Fl h
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Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
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header per page of information.
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.It Fl j
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Print information associated with the following keywords:
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.Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
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and
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.Cm command .
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.It Fl L
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List the set of keywords available for the
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.Fl O
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and
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.Fl o
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options.
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.It Fl l
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
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.Cm tt , time ,
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and
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.Cm command .
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
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instead of the currently running system.
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.It Fl m
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Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
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terminal and process ID.
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
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which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
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.It Fl O
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Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
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of keywords specified, after the process ID,
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in the default information
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display.
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Keywords may be appended with an equals
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.Pq Ql =
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sign and a string.
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This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
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the standard header.
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.It Fl o
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Display information associated with the space or comma separated
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list of keywords specified.
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The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals
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.Pq Ql =
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sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain
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space and comma characters.
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This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
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the standard header.
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Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
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.Fl o
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option.
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So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed.
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If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
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.It Fl p
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Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
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.It Fl r
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Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
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terminal and process ID.
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.It Fl S
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Change the way the process times, namely cputime, systime, and usertime,
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are calculated by summing all exited children to their parent process.
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.It Fl T
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Display information about processes attached to the device associated
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with the standard input.
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.It Fl t
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Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
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devices.
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.It Fl U
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Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
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.It Fl u
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
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and
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.Cm command .
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The
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.Fl u
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option implies the
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.Fl r
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option.
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.It Fl v
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
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.Cm %cpu , %mem ,
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and
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.Cm command .
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The
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.Fl v
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option implies the
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.Fl m
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option.
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.It Fl w
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Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
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is your window size.
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If the
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.Fl w
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option is specified more than once,
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.Nm
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will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
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Note that this option has no effect if the
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.Dq command
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column is not the last column displayed.
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.It Fl X
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When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
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which do not have a controlling terminal.
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This is the default behaviour.
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.It Fl x
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When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
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which do not have a controlling terminal.
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This is the opposite of the
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.Fl X
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option.
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If both
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.Fl X
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and
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.Fl x
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are specified in the same command, then
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.Nm
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will use the one which was specified last.
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.It Fl Z
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Add
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.Xr mac 4
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label to the list of keywords for which
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.Nm
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will display information.
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.El
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.Pp
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A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
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Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width lockname
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.It Cm %cpu
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The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
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a minute of previous (real) time.
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Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
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be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
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.Cm %cpu
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fields to exceed 100%.
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.It Cm %mem
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The percentage of real memory used by this process.
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.It Cm class
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Login class associated with the process.
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.It Cm flags
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The flags associated with the process as in
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the include file
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.In sys/proc.h :
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.Bl -column P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY 0x40000000
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.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
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.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
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.It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
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.It Dv "P_FOLLOWFORK" Ta No "0x00008 Attach debugger to new children"
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.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
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.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
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.It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
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.It Dv "P_HASTHREADS" Ta No "0x00080 Has had threads (no cleanup shortcuts)"
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.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
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.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
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.It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
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.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
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.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
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.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
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.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
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.It Dv "P_WKILLED" Ta No "0x08000 Killed, shall go to kernel/user boundary ASAP"
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.It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
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.It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
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.It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
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.It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
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.It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
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.It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
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.It Dv "P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY" Ta No "0x400000 Threads should suspend at user boundary"
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.It Dv "P_HWPMC" Ta No "0x800000 Process is using HWPMCs"
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.It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
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.It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
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.It Dv "P_STATCHILD" Ta No "0x8000000 Child process stopped or exited"
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.It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x10000000 Loaded into memory"
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.It Dv "P_SWAPPINGOUT" Ta No "0x20000000 Process is being swapped out"
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.It Dv "P_SWAPPINGIN" Ta No "0x40000000 Process is being swapped in"
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.El
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.It Cm label
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The MAC label of the process.
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.It Cm lim
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The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
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.Xr setrlimit 2 .
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.It Cm lstart
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The exact time the command started, using the
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.Ql %c
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format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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.It Cm lockname
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The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
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If the name is invalid or unknown, then
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.Dq ???\&
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is displayed.
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.It Cm logname
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The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
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.Xr getlogin 2 ) .
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.It Cm mwchan
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The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
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the process is blocked on a lock.
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See the wchan and lockname keywords
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for details.
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.It Cm nice
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The process scheduling increment (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It Cm rss
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the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
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.It Cm start
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The time the command started.
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If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
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displayed using the
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.Dq Li %l:ps.1p
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format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
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displayed using the
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.Dq Li %a6.15p
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format.
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Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
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.Dq Li %e%b%y
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format.
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.It Cm state
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The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
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.Dq Li RWNA .
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The first character indicates the run state of the process:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Li D
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Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
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.It Li I
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Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
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.It Li L
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Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
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.It Li R
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Marks a runnable process.
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.It Li S
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Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
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.It Li T
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Marks a stopped process.
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.It Li W
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Marks an idle interrupt thread.
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.It Li Z
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Marks a dead process (a
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.Dq zombie ) .
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.El
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.Pp
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Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
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information:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Li +
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The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
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.It Li <
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The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
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.It Li E
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The process is trying to exit.
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.It Li J
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Marks a process which is in
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.Xr jail 2 .
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The hostname of the prison can be found in
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.Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
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.It Li L
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The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
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.Tn I/O ) .
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.It Li N
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The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It Li s
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The process is a session leader.
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.It Li V
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The process is suspended during a
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.Xr vfork 2 .
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.It Li W
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The process is swapped out.
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.It Li X
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The process is being traced or debugged.
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.El
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.It Cm tt
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An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
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The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
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.Pa /dev/tty ,
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or, for the console,
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.Dq Li con .
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This is followed by a
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.Ql -
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if the process can no longer reach that
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controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
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.It Cm wchan
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The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
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|
When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
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trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
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|
as 324000.
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.El
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.Pp
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|
When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
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has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
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is listed as
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.Dq Li <defunct> ,
|
|
and a process which is blocked while trying
|
|
to exit is listed as
|
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.Dq Li <exiting> .
|
|
If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
|
|
the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
|
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within square brackets.
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|
The
|
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.Nm
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utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
|
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shorter than the value of the
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.Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
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|
sysctl).
|
|
The process can change the arguments shown with
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.Xr setproctitle 3 .
|
|
Otherwise,
|
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.Nm
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|
makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
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process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
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|
The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
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|
is entitled to destroy this information.
|
|
The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
|
|
If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
|
|
the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
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|
.Sh KEYWORDS
|
|
The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
|
|
meanings.
|
|
Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
|
|
.Pp
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|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
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|
.It Cm %cpu
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|
percentage CPU usage (alias
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|
.Cm pcpu )
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|
.It Cm %mem
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|
percentage memory usage (alias
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|
.Cm pmem )
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|
.It Cm acflag
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|
accounting flag (alias
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|
.Cm acflg )
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|
.It Cm args
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|
command and arguments
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|
.It Cm class
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|
login class
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|
.It Cm comm
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command
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|
.It Cm command
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|
command and arguments
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|
.It Cm cpu
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|
short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
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|
.It Cm etime
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|
elapsed running time, format
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.Op days- Ns
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|
.Op hours: Ns
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|
minutes:seconds.
|
|
.It Cm etimes
|
|
elapsed running time, in decimal integer seconds
|
|
.It Cm flags
|
|
the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
|
|
.Cm f )
|
|
.It Cm inblk
|
|
total blocks read (alias
|
|
.Cm inblock )
|
|
.It Cm jid
|
|
jail ID
|
|
.It Cm jobc
|
|
job control count
|
|
.It Cm ktrace
|
|
tracing flags
|
|
.It Cm label
|
|
MAC label
|
|
.It Cm lim
|
|
memoryuse limit
|
|
.It Cm lockname
|
|
lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
|
|
.It Cm logname
|
|
login name of user who started the session
|
|
.It Cm lstart
|
|
time started
|
|
.It Cm majflt
|
|
total page faults
|
|
.It Cm minflt
|
|
total page reclaims
|
|
.It Cm msgrcv
|
|
total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It Cm msgsnd
|
|
total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It Cm mwchan
|
|
wait channel or lock currently blocked on
|
|
.It Cm nice
|
|
nice value (alias
|
|
.Cm ni )
|
|
.It Cm nivcsw
|
|
total involuntary context switches
|
|
.It Cm nsigs
|
|
total signals taken (alias
|
|
.Cm nsignals )
|
|
.It Cm nswap
|
|
total swaps in/out
|
|
.It Cm nvcsw
|
|
total voluntary context switches
|
|
.It Cm nwchan
|
|
wait channel (as an address)
|
|
.It Cm oublk
|
|
total blocks written (alias
|
|
.Cm oublock )
|
|
.It Cm paddr
|
|
swap address
|
|
.It Cm pagein
|
|
pageins (same as majflt)
|
|
.It Cm pgid
|
|
process group number
|
|
.It Cm pid
|
|
process ID
|
|
.It Cm poip
|
|
pageouts in progress
|
|
.It Cm ppid
|
|
parent process ID
|
|
.It Cm pri
|
|
scheduling priority
|
|
.It Cm re
|
|
core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It Cm rgid
|
|
real group ID
|
|
.It Cm rgroup
|
|
group name (from rgid)
|
|
.It Cm rlink
|
|
reverse link on run queue, or 0
|
|
.It Cm rss
|
|
resident set size
|
|
.It Cm rtprio
|
|
realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
|
|
.It Cm ruid
|
|
real user ID
|
|
.It Cm ruser
|
|
user name (from ruid)
|
|
.It Cm sid
|
|
session ID
|
|
.It Cm sig
|
|
pending signals (alias
|
|
.Cm pending )
|
|
.It Cm sigcatch
|
|
caught signals (alias
|
|
.Cm caught )
|
|
.It Cm sigignore
|
|
ignored signals (alias
|
|
.Cm ignored )
|
|
.It Cm sigmask
|
|
blocked signals (alias
|
|
.Cm blocked )
|
|
.It Cm sl
|
|
sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It Cm start
|
|
time started
|
|
.It Cm state
|
|
symbolic process state (alias
|
|
.Cm stat )
|
|
.It Cm svgid
|
|
saved gid from a setgid executable
|
|
.It Cm svuid
|
|
saved UID from a setuid executable
|
|
.It Cm systime
|
|
accumulated system CPU time
|
|
.It Cm tdaddr
|
|
thread address
|
|
.It Cm tdev
|
|
control terminal device number
|
|
.It Cm time
|
|
accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
|
|
.Cm cputime )
|
|
.It Cm tpgid
|
|
control terminal process group ID
|
|
.\".It Cm trss
|
|
.\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
|
|
.It Cm tsid
|
|
control terminal session ID
|
|
.It Cm tsiz
|
|
text size (in Kbytes)
|
|
.It Cm tt
|
|
control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
|
|
.It Cm tty
|
|
full name of control terminal
|
|
.It Cm uprocp
|
|
process pointer
|
|
.It Cm ucomm
|
|
name to be used for accounting
|
|
.It Cm uid
|
|
effective user ID
|
|
.It Cm upr
|
|
scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
|
|
.Cm usrpri )
|
|
.It Cm user
|
|
user name (from UID)
|
|
.It Cm usertime
|
|
accumulated user CPU time
|
|
.It Cm vsz
|
|
virtual size in Kbytes (alias
|
|
.Cm vsize )
|
|
.It Cm wchan
|
|
wait channel (as a symbolic name)
|
|
.It Cm xstat
|
|
exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the
|
|
.Cm pending
|
|
column displays bitmask of signals pending in the process queue when
|
|
.Fl H
|
|
option is not specified, otherwise the per-thread queue of pending signals
|
|
is shown.
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
The following environment variables affect the execution of
|
|
.Nm :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
|
|
.It Ev COLUMNS
|
|
If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
|
|
.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
|
|
default system namelist
|
|
.It Pa /proc
|
|
the mount point of
|
|
.Xr procfs 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr pgrep 1 ,
|
|
.Xr pkill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr procstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr w 1 ,
|
|
.Xr kvm 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 ,
|
|
.Xr mac 4 ,
|
|
.Xr procfs 5 ,
|
|
.Xr pstat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mutex 9
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
For historical reasons, the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility under
|
|
.Fx
|
|
supports a different set of options from what is described by
|
|
.St -p1003.2 ,
|
|
and what is supported on
|
|
.No non- Ns Bx
|
|
operating systems.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.At v4 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Since
|
|
.Nm
|
|
cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
|
|
process, the information it displays can never be exact.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte
|
|
characters.
|