329 lines
9.8 KiB
Groff
329 lines
9.8 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)netstat.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 18, 1994
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.Dt NETSTAT 1
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.Os BSD 4.2
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm netstat
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.Nd show network status
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm netstat
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.Op Fl Aan
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Nm netstat
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.Op Fl bdghimnrs
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Nm netstat
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.Op Fl bdn
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Op Fl w Ar wait
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.Nm netstat
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.Op Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm netstat
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command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
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data structures.
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There are a number of output formats,
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depending on the options for the information presented.
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The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for
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each protocol.
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The second form presents the contents of one of the other network
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data structures according to the option selected.
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Using the third form, with a
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.Ar wait
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interval specified,
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.Nm netstat
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will continuously display the information regarding packet
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traffic on the configured network interfaces.
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The fourth form displays statistics about the named protocol.
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.Pp
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The options have the following meaning:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl A
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With the default display,
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show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used
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for debugging.
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.It Fl a
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With the default display,
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show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by
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server processes are not shown.
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With the routing table display (option
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.Fl r
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, as described below), show protocol-cloned routes (routes
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generated by a RTF_PRCLONING parent route); normally these routes are
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not shown.
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.It Fl b
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With the interface display (option
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.Fl i
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, as described below),
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show the number of bytes in and out.
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.It Fl d
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With either interface display (option
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.Fl i
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or an interval, as described below),
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show the number of dropped packets.
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.It Fl f Ar address_family
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Limit statistics or address control block reports to those
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of the specified
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.Ar address family .
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The following address families
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are recognized:
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.Ar inet ,
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for
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.Dv AF_INET ,
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.Ar ipx ,
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for
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.Dv AF_IPX ,
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.Ar atalk ,
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for
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.Dv AF_APPLETALK (ddp) ,
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.Ar netgraph
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or
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.Ar ng
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for
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.Dv AF_NETGRAPH ,
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.\".Ar ns ,
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.\"for
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.\".Dv AF_NS ,
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.\".Ar iso ,
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.\"for
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.\".Dv AF_ISO ,
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and
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.Ar unix ,
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for
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.Dv AF_UNIX .
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.It Fl g
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Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
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By default, show the IP Multicast virtual-interface and routing tables.
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If the
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.Fl s
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option is also present, show multicast routing statistics.
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.It Fl h
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Show the state of the
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.Tn IMP
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host table (obsolete).
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.It Fl I Ar interface
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Show information about the specified interface;
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used with a
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.Ar wait
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interval as described below.
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.It Fl i
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Show the state of interfaces which have been auto-configured
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(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
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located at boot time are not shown).
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If the
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.Fl a
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options is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
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for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
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Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
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address with which they are associated.
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
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instead of the default
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.Pa /dev/kmem .
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.It Fl m
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Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
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(the network manages a private pool of memory buffers).
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
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.Pa /kernel .
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.It Fl n
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Show network addresses as numbers (normally
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.Nm netstat
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interprets addresses and attempts to display them
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symbolically).
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This option may be used with any of the display formats.
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.It Fl p Ar protocol
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Show statistics about
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.Ar protocol ,
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which is either a well-known name for a protocol or an alias for it. Some
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protocol names and aliases are listed in the file
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.Pa /etc/protocols .
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The special protocol name
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.Dq bdg
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is used to show bridging statistics.
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A null response typically means that there are no interesting numbers to
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report.
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The program will complain if
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.Ar protocol
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is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
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.It Fl s
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Show per-protocol statistics.
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If this option is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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.It Fl r
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Show the routing tables.
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Use with
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.Fl a
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to show protocol-cloned routes.
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When
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.Fl s
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is also present, show routing statistics instead.
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.It Fl w Ar wait
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Show network interface statistics at intervals of
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.Ar wait
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seconds.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
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and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
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and the internal state of the protocol.
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Address formats are of the form
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.Dq host.port
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or
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.Dq network.port
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if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
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When known the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
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according to the data bases
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.Pa /etc/hosts
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and
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.Pa /etc/networks ,
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respectively. If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
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the
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.Fl n
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option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
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to the address family.
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For more information regarding
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the Internet
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.Dq dot format ,
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refer to
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.Xr inet 3 ) .
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Unspecified,
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or
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.Dq wildcard ,
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addresses and ports appear as
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.Dq * .
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.Pp
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The interface display provides a table of cumulative
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statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
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The network addresses of the interface
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and the maximum transmission unit
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.Pq Dq mtu
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are also displayed.
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.Pp
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The routing table display indicates the available routes and
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their status. Each route consists of a destination host or network
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and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags field shows
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a collection of information about the route stored as
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binary choices. The individual flags are discussed in more
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detail in the
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.Xr route 8
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and
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.Xr route 4
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manual pages.
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The mapping between letters and flags is:
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.Bl -column XXXX RTF_BLACKHOLE
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1 RTF_PROTO1 Protocol specific routing flag #1
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2 RTF_PROTO2 Protocol specific routing flag #2
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3 RTF_PROTO3 Protocol specific routing flag #3
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B RTF_BLACKHOLE Just discard pkts (during updates)
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b RTF_BROADCAST The route represents a broadcast address
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C RTF_CLONING Generate new routes on use
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c RTF_PRCLONING Protocol-specified generate new routes on use
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D RTF_DYNAMIC Created dynamically (by redirect)
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G RTF_GATEWAY Destination requires forwarding by intermediary
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H RTF_HOST Host entry (net otherwise)
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L RTF_LLINFO Valid protocol to link address translation
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M RTF_MODIFIED Modified dynamically (by redirect)
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R RTF_REJECT Host or net unreachable
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S RTF_STATIC Manually added
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U RTF_UP Route usable
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W RTF_WASCLONED Route was generated as a result of cloning
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X RTF_XRESOLVE External daemon translates proto to link address
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.El
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.Pp
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Direct routes are created for each
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interface attached to the local host;
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the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
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The refcnt field gives the
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current number of active uses of the route. Connection oriented
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protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
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a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
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to the same destination.
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The use field provides a count of the number of packets
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sent using that route. The interface entry indicates the network
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interface utilized for the route.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm netstat
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is invoked with the
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.Fl w
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option and a
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.Ar wait
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interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
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network interfaces.
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An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
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with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
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By default, this display summarizes information for all interfaces.
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Information for a specific interface may be displayed with the
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.Fl I
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option.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fstat 1 ,
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.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
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.Xr sockstat 1 ,
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.Xr ps 1 ,
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.Xr inet 4 ,
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.Xr unix 4 ,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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.Xr protocols 5 ,
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.Xr services 5 ,
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.Xr iostat 8 ,
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.Xr trpt 8 ,
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.Xr vmstat 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm netstat
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /dev/kmem -compact
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.It Pa /kernel
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default kernel namelist
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.It Pa /dev/kmem
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default memory file
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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The notion of errors is ill-defined.
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