42edd5489c
Add Caldera license. Approved by: David Taylor <davidt@caldera.com> Add note that the documentation does not describe groff.
291 lines
8.9 KiB
Plaintext
291 lines
8.9 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Hey, Emacs, edit this file in -*- nroff-fill -*- mode!
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.\" Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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.\" met:
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.\"
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.\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the above
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.\" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
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.\" disclaimer.
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.\"
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.\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\"
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.\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
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.\" International, Inc. Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc.
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.\" nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote
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.\" products derived from this software without specific prior written
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.\" permission.
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.\"
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.\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA
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.\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
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.\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
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.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
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.\" OR OTHERWISE) RISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
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.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)m0 8.1 (Berkeley) 8/14/93
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.br
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.rs
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.sp |1.0i
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.ce 1000
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.ps 12
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.ft B
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\*(Nr\(sl\*(Tr User's Manual
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.sp .2i
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.ft I
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.ps 10
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Joseph F. Ossanna
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(updated for 4.3BSD by Mark Seiden)
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.ft R
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.sp
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Bell Laboratories
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Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
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.ce 0
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.sp 2
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.ps \n(PS
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.fi
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.ft B
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.ps +1
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NOTE: This document in its current form describes the \fItroff\fP\| program
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supplied with 4.4BSD. The \fIgroff\fP\| program supplied with FreeBSD has a
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number of additional features and a couple of small incompatibilities. See
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\fIgroff(1)\fP\| for more details.
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.ps
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.sp 1
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Introduction
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.pg
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\*(NR and \*(TR are text processors under
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the \s-1UNIX\s+1 Time-Sharing System
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that format text for typewriter-like terminals and
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for a \%Graphic Systems phototypesetter, respectively.
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(Device-independent \*(TR, part of the Documenter's Workbench,
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supports additional output devices.)
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They accept lines of text interspersed with lines of
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format control information and
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format the text into a printable, paginated document
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having a user-designed style.
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\*(NR and \*(TR offer
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unusual freedom in document styling,
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including:
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arbitrary style headers and footers;
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arbitrary style footnotes;
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multiple automatic sequence numbering for paragraphs, sections, etc;
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multiple column output;
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dynamic font and point-size control;
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arbitrary horizontal and vertical local motions at any point;
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and
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a family of automatic overstriking, bracket construction, and
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line drawing functions.
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.pg
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\*(NR and \*(TR are highly compatible with each other and it is almost always
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possible to prepare input acceptable to both.
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Conditional input is provided that enables
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the user to embed input expressly destined for either program.
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\*(NR can prepare output directly for a variety of terminal types and
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is capable of utilizing the full resolution of each terminal.
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.pg
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.ft B
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Usage
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.pg
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The general form of invoking \*(NR (or \*(TR) at \s-1UNIX\s+1 command level is
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.x1
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\fBnroff \fIoptions files\fR\
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\h'|2i'(or \fBtroff \fIoptions files\fR)
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.x2
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where \fIoptions\fR represents any of a number of option arguments
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and \fIfiles\fR represents the list of files containing the document
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to be formatted.
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An argument consisting of a single minus (\fB\-\fR) is taken to be
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a file name corresponding to the standard input.
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If no file names are given input is taken from the standard input.
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The options, which may appear in any order so long as they appear
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before the files, are:
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.sp
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.ta .2i 1.0i
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.ft I
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.bd I 3
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Option Effect
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.br
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.bd I
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.ft R
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.ta .3i 1.0i
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.in 1.0i
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.ll -.3i
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.bt
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\fB\-i\fP Read standard input after the input files are exhausted.
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.bt
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\fB\-m\fIname\fR Prepends the macro file
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\fB\(slusr\(sllib\(sltmac.\fIname\fR
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to the input \fIfiles\fR.
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.bt
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\fB\-n\fIN\fR Number first generated page \fIN\fR.
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.bt
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\fB\-o\fIlist\fR \
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Print only pages whose page numbers appear in \fIlist\fR,
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which consists of comma-separated numbers and number ranges.
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A number range has the form \fIN\-M\fR
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and means pages \fIN\fR through \fIM;\fR
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a initial \fI\-N\fR means
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from the beginning to page \fIN;\fR and a final \fIN\-\fR means
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from \fIN\fR to the end.
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.bt
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\fB\-q\fR \
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Invoke the simultaneous input-output mode of the \fBrd\fR request.
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.bt
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\fB\-r\fIaN\fR Number register \fIa\fR (one-character) is set to \fIN\fR.
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.bt
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\fB\-s\fIN\fR Stop every \fIN\fR pages.
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\*(NR will halt prior to every \fIN\fR pages (default \fIN\fR=1)
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to allow paper loading or
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changing, and will resume upon receipt of a newline.
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\*(TR will stop the phototypesetter every \fIN\fR pages,
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produce a trailer to allow changing cassettes,
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and will resume after the phototypesetter \s-1START\s+1 button is pressed.
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.bt
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\fB\-z\fR Efficiently suppress formatted output.
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Only produce output to standard error (from \fBtm\fP requests or
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diagnostics).
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.sp
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.ne 5
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.ft I
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.bd I 3
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\*(NR Only
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.br
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.bd I
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.ft
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.bt
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\fB\-T\fIname\fR Specifies
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the name of the output terminal type.
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Currently defined names are \fB37\fR for the (default) Model 37 Teletype\(rg,
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\fBtn300\fR for the GE TermiNet\ 300 (or any terminal without half-line
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capabilities),
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\fB300S\fR for the \s-1DASI\s+1-300S,
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\fB300\fR for the \s-1DASI\s+1-300,
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and
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\fB450\fR for the \s-1DASI\s+1-450 (Diablo Hyterm).
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.bt
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\fB\-e\fR \
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Produce equally-spaced words in adjusted
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lines, using full terminal resolution.
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.bt
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\fB\-h\fR \
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On output, use tabs during horizontal spacing to increase speed.
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Device tabs setting are assumed to be (and input tabs are initially
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set to) every 8 character widths.
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.sp
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.ne 3
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.ft I
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.bd I 3
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\*(TR Only
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.br
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.bd I
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.ft
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.bt
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\fB\-a\fP Send a printable \s-1(ASCII)\s+1 approximation
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of the results to the standard output.
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.bt
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\fB\-b\fR \*(TR will report whether the phototypesetter
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is busy or available.
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No text processing is done.
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.bt
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\fB\-f\fP Refrain from feeding out paper and stopping
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phototypesetter at the end of the run.
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.bt
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\fB\-t\fP Direct output to the standard output instead
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of the phototypesetter.
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.bt
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\fB\-w\fP Wait until phototypesetter is available, if
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currently busy.
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.ll
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.in 0
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.xx
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.pg
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Each option is invoked as a separate argument;
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for example,
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.x1
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\fBnroff \-o\fI4,8\-10 \fB\-T\fI300S \fB\-m\fIabc file1 file2\fR
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.x2
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requests formatting of pages 4, 8, 9, and 10 of a document contained in the files
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named \fIfile1\fR and \fIfile2\fR,
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specifies the output terminal as a \s-1DASI\s+1-300S,
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and invokes the macro package \fIabc\fR.
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.pg
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Various pre- and post-processors are available for use with \*(NR and \*(TR.
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These include the equation preprocessors \s-1NEQN\s+1 and \s-1EQN\s+1\*u1\*d
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(for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively),
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and the table-construction preprocessor \s-1TBL\s+1\*u2\*d.
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A reverse-line postprocessor \s-1COL\s+1\*u3\*d
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is available for multiple-column \*(NR output on terminals without reverse-line ability;
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\s-1COL\s+1 expects the Model 37 Teletype
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escape sequences that \*(NR produces by default.
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\s-1TK\s+1\*u3\*d
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is a 37 Teletype simulator postprocessor for printing \*(NR output on a Tektronix 4014.
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\s-1TC\s+1\*u5\*d
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is a phototypesetter-simulator postprocessor
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for \*(TR that produces an approximation of phototypesetter output
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on a Tektronix 4014.
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For example, in
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.x1
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\fBtbl \fIfiles \fB| eqn | troff \-t \fIoptions \fB| tc\fR
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.x2
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the first \|\fB|\fR\| indicates the piping of \s-1TBL\s+1's output to \s-1EQN\s+1's input;
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the second the piping of \s-1EQN\s+1's output to \*(TR's input;
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and the third indicates the piping of \*(TR's output to \s-1TC\s+1.
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.br
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.pg
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The remainder of this manual consists of:
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a Summary and outline;
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a Reference Manual keyed to the outline;
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and
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a set of Tutorial Examples.
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Another tutorial is [5].
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.sp .4
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.ps -1
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.vs -1p
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.pg
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.ft B
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References
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.pg
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.ta .3i
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.in .3i
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.ti 0
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[1] B. W. Kernighan, L. L. Cherry,
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.ul
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Typesetting Mathematics \(em User's Guide (Second Edition),
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Bell Laboratories.
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.sp .4
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.ti 0
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[2] M. E. Lesk,
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.ul
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Tbl \(em A Program to Format Tables,
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Bell Laboratories internal memorandum.
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.sp .4
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.ti 0
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[3] Internal on-line documentation (\fIman\fP pages) on \s-1UNIX\s+1.
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.sp .4
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.ti 0
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[4] B. W. Kernighan, \fIA TROFF Tutorial\fR,
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Bell Laboratories.
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.sp .4
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.ti 0
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[5] Your site may have similar programs for more modern displays.
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.in 0
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.ps 10
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.vs 12
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.ft R
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.bp
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