523 lines
12 KiB
Groff
523 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: stat.1,v 1.11 2003/05/08 13:07:10 wiz Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
|
|
.\" by Andrew Brown and Jan Schaumann.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
|
|
.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
|
|
.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
|
|
.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
|
|
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
|
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
|
|
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
|
|
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
|
|
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
|
|
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
|
|
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
|
|
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd May 8, 2003
|
|
.Dt STAT 1
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm stat ,
|
|
.Nm readlink
|
|
.Nd display file status
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl FLnq
|
|
.Op Fl f Ar format | Fl l | r | s | x
|
|
.Op Fl t Ar timefmt
|
|
.Op Ar
|
|
.Nm readlink
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
|
.Op Ar
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays information about the file pointed to by
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
Read, write or execute permissions of the named file are not required, but
|
|
all directories listed in the path name leading to the file must be
|
|
searchable.
|
|
If no argument is given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
displays information about the file descriptor for standard input.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When invoked as
|
|
.Nm readlink ,
|
|
only the target of the symbolic link is printed.
|
|
If the given argument is not a symbolic link,
|
|
.Nm readlink
|
|
will print nothing and exit with an error.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The information displayed is obtained by calling
|
|
.Xr lstat 2
|
|
with the given argument and evaluating the returned structure.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The options are as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Fl F
|
|
As in
|
|
.Xr ls 1 ,
|
|
display a slash
|
|
.Pq Ql /
|
|
immediately after each pathname that is a directory,
|
|
an asterisk
|
|
.Pq Ql *
|
|
after each that is executable,
|
|
an at sign
|
|
.Pq Ql @
|
|
after each symbolic link,
|
|
a percent sign
|
|
.Pq Ql %
|
|
after each whiteout,
|
|
an equal sign
|
|
.Pq Ql =
|
|
after each socket,
|
|
and a vertical bar
|
|
.Pq Ql |
|
|
after each that is a FIFO.
|
|
The use of
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
implies
|
|
.Fl l .
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Use
|
|
.Xr stat 2
|
|
instead of
|
|
.Xr lstat 2 .
|
|
The information reported by
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will refer to the target of
|
|
.Ar file ,
|
|
if file is a symbolic link, and not to
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
itself.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Do not force a newline to appear at the end of each piece of output.
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Suppress failure messages if calls to
|
|
.Xr stat 2
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr lstat 2
|
|
fail.
|
|
When run as
|
|
.Nm readlink ,
|
|
error messages are automatically suppressed.
|
|
.It Fl f Ar format
|
|
Display information using the specified format.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx FORMATS
|
|
section for a description of valid formats.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Display output in
|
|
.Nm ls Fl lT
|
|
format.
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
Display raw information.
|
|
That is, for all the fields in the
|
|
.Vt stat
|
|
structure,
|
|
display the raw, numerical value (for example, times in seconds since the
|
|
epoch, etc.).
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Display information in
|
|
.Dq "shell output" ,
|
|
suitable for initializing variables.
|
|
.It Fl x
|
|
Display information in a more verbose way as known from some
|
|
.Tn Linux
|
|
distributions.
|
|
.It Fl t Ar timefmt
|
|
Display timestamps using the specified format.
|
|
This format is
|
|
passed directly to
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Formats
|
|
Format strings are similar to
|
|
.Xr printf 3
|
|
formats in that they start with
|
|
.Cm % ,
|
|
are then followed by a sequence of formatting characters, and end in
|
|
a character that selects the field of the
|
|
.Vt "struct stat"
|
|
which is to be formatted.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Cm %
|
|
is immediately followed by one of
|
|
.Cm n , t , % ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm @ ,
|
|
then a newline character, a tab character, a percent character,
|
|
or the current file number is printed, otherwise the string is
|
|
examined for the following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Any of the following optional flags:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm #
|
|
Selects an alternate output form for octal and hexadecimal output.
|
|
Non-zero octal output will have a leading zero, and non-zero
|
|
hexadecimal output will have
|
|
.Dq Li 0x
|
|
prepended to it.
|
|
.It Cm +
|
|
Asserts that a sign indicating whether a number is positive or negative
|
|
should always be printed.
|
|
Non-negative numbers are not usually printed
|
|
with a sign.
|
|
.It Cm -
|
|
Aligns string output to the left of the field, instead of to the right.
|
|
.It Cm 0
|
|
Sets the fill character for left padding to the
|
|
.Ql 0
|
|
character, instead of a space.
|
|
.It space
|
|
Reserves a space at the front of non-negative signed output fields.
|
|
A
|
|
.Sq Cm +
|
|
overrides a space if both are used.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Then the following fields:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Ar size
|
|
An optional decimal digit string specifying the minimum field width.
|
|
.It Ar prec
|
|
An optional precision composed of a decimal point
|
|
.Sq Cm \&.
|
|
and a decimal digit string that indicates the maximum string length,
|
|
the number of digits to appear after the decimal point in floating point
|
|
output, or the minimum number of digits to appear in numeric output.
|
|
.It Ar fmt
|
|
An optional output format specifier which is one of
|
|
.Cm D , O , U , X , F ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm S .
|
|
These represent signed decimal output, octal output, unsigned decimal
|
|
output, hexadecimal output, floating point output, and string output,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Some output formats do not apply to all fields.
|
|
Floating point output only applies to
|
|
.Vt timespec
|
|
fields (the
|
|
.Cm a , m ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm c
|
|
fields).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The special output specifier
|
|
.Cm S
|
|
may be used to indicate that the output, if
|
|
applicable, should be in string format.
|
|
May be used in combination with:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm amc
|
|
Display date in
|
|
.Xr strftime 3
|
|
format.
|
|
.It Cm dr
|
|
Display actual device name.
|
|
.It Cm gu
|
|
Display group or user name.
|
|
.It Cm p
|
|
Display the mode of
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
as in
|
|
.Nm ls Fl lTd .
|
|
.It Cm N
|
|
Displays the name of
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
.It Cm T
|
|
Displays the type of
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
.It Cm Y
|
|
Insert a
|
|
.Dq Li " -\*[Gt] "
|
|
into the output.
|
|
Note that the default output format
|
|
for
|
|
.Cm Y
|
|
is a string, but if specified explicitly, these four characters are
|
|
prepended.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ar sub
|
|
An optional sub field specifier (high, middle, low).
|
|
Only applies to
|
|
the
|
|
.Cm p , d , r ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm T
|
|
output formats.
|
|
It can be one of the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm H
|
|
.Dq High
|
|
\[em]
|
|
specifies the major number for devices from
|
|
.Cm r
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm d ,
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq user
|
|
bits for permissions from the string form of
|
|
.Cm p ,
|
|
the file
|
|
.Dq type
|
|
bits from the numeric forms of
|
|
.Cm p ,
|
|
and the long output form of
|
|
.Cm T .
|
|
.It Cm L
|
|
.Dq Low
|
|
\[em]
|
|
specifies the minor number for devices from
|
|
.Cm r
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm d ,
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq other
|
|
bits for permissions from the string form of
|
|
.Cm p ,
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq user ,
|
|
.Dq group ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq other
|
|
bits from the numeric forms of
|
|
.Cm p ,
|
|
and the
|
|
.Nm ls Fl F
|
|
style output character for file type when used with
|
|
.Cm T
|
|
(the use of
|
|
.Cm L
|
|
for this is optional).
|
|
.It Cm M
|
|
.Dq Middle
|
|
\[em]
|
|
specifies the
|
|
.Dq group
|
|
bits for permissions from the
|
|
string output form of
|
|
.Cm p ,
|
|
or the
|
|
.Dq suid ,
|
|
.Dq sgid ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq sticky
|
|
bits for the numeric forms of
|
|
.Cm p .
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ar datum
|
|
A required field specifier, being one of the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm d
|
|
Device upon which
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
resides.
|
|
.It Cm i
|
|
.Ar file Ns 's
|
|
inode number.
|
|
.It Cm p
|
|
File type and permissions.
|
|
.It Cm l
|
|
Number of hard links to
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
.It Cm u , g
|
|
User ID and group ID of
|
|
.Ar file Ns 's
|
|
owner.
|
|
.It Cm r
|
|
Device number for character and block device special files.
|
|
.It Cm a , m , c , B
|
|
The time
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
was last accessed or modified, of when the inode was last changed, or
|
|
the birth time of the inode.
|
|
.It Cm z
|
|
The size of
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
in bytes.
|
|
.It Cm b
|
|
Number of blocks allocated for
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
.It Cm k
|
|
Optimal file system I/O operation block size.
|
|
.It Cm f
|
|
User defined flags for
|
|
.Ar file .
|
|
.It Cm v
|
|
Inode generation number.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following four field specifiers are not drawn directly from the
|
|
data in
|
|
.Vt "struct stat" ,
|
|
but are:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm N
|
|
The name of the file.
|
|
.It Cm T
|
|
The file type, either as in
|
|
.Nm ls Fl F
|
|
or in a more descriptive form if the
|
|
.Ar sub
|
|
field specifier
|
|
.Cm H
|
|
is given.
|
|
.It Cm Y
|
|
The target of a symbolic link.
|
|
.It Cm Z
|
|
Expands to
|
|
.Dq major,minor
|
|
from the
|
|
.Va rdev
|
|
field for character or block
|
|
special devices and gives size output for all others.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the
|
|
.Cm %
|
|
and the field specifier are required.
|
|
Most field specifiers default to
|
|
.Cm U
|
|
as an output form, with the
|
|
exception of
|
|
.Cm p
|
|
which defaults to
|
|
.Cm O ,
|
|
.Cm a , m ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm c
|
|
which default to
|
|
.Cm D ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm Y , T ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm N
|
|
which default to
|
|
.Cm S .
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
.Ex -std stat readlink
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
Given a symbolic link
|
|
.Pa foo
|
|
that points from
|
|
.Pa /tmp/foo
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa / ,
|
|
you would use
|
|
.Nm
|
|
as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\*[Gt] stat -F /tmp/foo
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 jschauma cs 1 Apr 24 16:37:28 2002 /tmp/foo@ -\*[Gt] /
|
|
|
|
\*[Gt] stat -LF /tmp/foo
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 512 Apr 19 10:57:54 2002 /tmp/foo/
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To initialize some shell variables, you could use the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
flag as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\*[Gt] csh
|
|
% eval set `stat -s .cshrc`
|
|
% echo $st_size $st_mtimespec
|
|
1148 1015432481
|
|
|
|
\*[Gt] sh
|
|
$ eval $(stat -s .profile)
|
|
$ echo $st_size $st_mtimespec
|
|
1148 1015432481
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to get a list of the kind of files including files pointed to if the
|
|
file is a symbolic link, you could use the following format:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ stat -f "%N: %HT%SY" /tmp/*
|
|
/tmp/bar: Symbolic Link -\*[Gt] /tmp/foo
|
|
/tmp/output25568: Regular File
|
|
/tmp/blah: Directory
|
|
/tmp/foo: Symbolic Link -\*[Gt] /
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to get a list of the devices, their types and the major and minor
|
|
device numbers, formatted with tabs and linebreaks, you could use the
|
|
following format:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
stat -f "Name: %N%n%tType: %HT%n%tMajor: %Hr%n%tMinor: %Lr%n%n" /dev/*
|
|
[...]
|
|
Name: /dev/wt8
|
|
Type: Block Device
|
|
Major: 3
|
|
Minor: 8
|
|
|
|
Name: /dev/zero
|
|
Type: Character Device
|
|
Major: 2
|
|
Minor: 12
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to determine the permissions set on a file separately, you could use
|
|
the following format:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\*[Gt] stat -f "%Sp -\*[Gt] owner=%SHp group=%SMp other=%SLp" .
|
|
drwxr-xr-x -\*[Gt] owner=rwx group=r-x other=r-x
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to determine the three files that have been modified most recently,
|
|
you could use the following format:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\*[Gt] stat -f "%m%t%Sm %N" /tmp/* | sort -rn | head -3 | cut -f2-
|
|
Apr 25 11:47:00 2002 /tmp/blah
|
|
Apr 25 10:36:34 2002 /tmp/bar
|
|
Apr 24 16:47:35 2002 /tmp/foo
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr file 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ls 1 ,
|
|
.Xr lstat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr readlink 2 ,
|
|
.Xr stat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr printf 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strftime 3
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.6 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility was written by
|
|
.An Andrew Brown
|
|
.Aq atatat@NetBSD.org .
|
|
This man page was written by
|
|
.An Jan Schaumann
|
|
.Aq jschauma@NetBSD.org .
|