8c7e11817a
Approved by: rpaulo (mentor)
636 lines
18 KiB
Groff
636 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Automated Testing Framework (atf)
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND
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.\" CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
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.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
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.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
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.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
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.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
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.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd November 15, 2013
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.Dt ATF-C++-API 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm atf-c++-api ,
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.Nm ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE ,
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.Nm ATF_CHECK_ERRNO ,
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.Nm ATF_FAIL ,
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.Nm ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES ,
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.Nm ATF_PASS ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_EQ ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_IN ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_THROW ,
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.Nm ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_RE ,
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.Nm ATF_SKIP ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_NAME ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_USE ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP ,
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.Nm ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD ,
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.Nm atf::utils::cat_file ,
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.Nm atf::utils::compare_file ,
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.Nm atf::utils::copy_file ,
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.Nm atf::utils::create_file ,
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.Nm atf::utils::file_exists ,
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.Nm atf::utils::fork ,
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.Nm atf::utils::grep_collection ,
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.Nm atf::utils::grep_file ,
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.Nm atf::utils::grep_string ,
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.Nm atf::utils::redirect ,
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.Nm atf::utils::wait
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.Nd C++ API to write ATF-based test programs
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In atf-c++.hpp
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.Fn ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE "tcs" "name"
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.Fn ATF_CHECK_ERRNO "exp_errno" "bool_expression"
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.Fn ATF_FAIL "reason"
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.Fn ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES "tcs"
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.Fn ATF_PASS
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE "expression"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_EQ "expression_1" "expression_2"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO "exp_errno" "bool_expression"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_IN "element" "collection"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH "regexp" "string_expression"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN "element" "collection"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_THROW "expected_exception" "statement"
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_RE "expected_exception" "regexp" "statement"
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.Fn ATF_SKIP "reason"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_NAME "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_USE "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP "name"
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD "name"
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::cat_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& prefix"
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.Fc
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.Ft bool
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.Fo atf::utils::compare_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& contents"
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.Fc
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::copy_file
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.Fa "const std::string& source"
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.Fa "const std::string& destination"
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.Fc
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::create_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& contents"
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.Fc
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::file_exists
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fc
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.Ft pid_t
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.Fo atf::utils::fork
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.Fa "void"
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.Fc
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.Ft bool
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.Fo atf::utils::grep_collection
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.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
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.Fa "const Collection& collection"
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.Fc
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.Ft bool
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.Fo atf::utils::grep_file
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.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fc
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.Ft bool
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.Fo atf::utils::grep_string
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.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fc
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::redirect
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.Fa "const int fd"
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fc
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::wait
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.Fa "const pid_t pid"
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.Fa "const int expected_exit_status"
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.Fa "const std::string& expected_stdout"
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.Fa "const std::string& expected_stderr"
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.Fc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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ATF provides a C++ programming interface to implement test programs.
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C++-based test programs follow this template:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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extern "C" {
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.Ns ... C-specific includes go here ...
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}
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.Ns ... C++-specific includes go here ...
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#include <atf-c++.hpp>
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ATF_TEST_CASE(tc1);
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ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(tc1)
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{
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... first test case's header ...
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}
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ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc1)
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{
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... first test case's body ...
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}
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ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP(tc2);
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ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(tc2)
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{
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... second test case's header ...
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}
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ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc2)
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{
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... second test case's body ...
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}
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ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP(tc2)
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{
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... second test case's cleanup ...
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}
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ATF_TEST_CASE(tc3);
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ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc3)
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{
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... third test case's body ...
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}
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.Ns ... additional test cases ...
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ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES(tcs)
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{
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ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc1);
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ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc2);
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ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc3);
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... add additional test cases ...
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}
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.Ed
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.Ss Definition of test cases
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Test cases have an identifier and are composed of three different parts:
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the header, the body and an optional cleanup routine, all of which are
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described in
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.Xr atf-test-case 4 .
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To define test cases, one can use the
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE ,
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP
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or the
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD
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macros, which take a single parameter specifiying the test case's
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name.
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE ,
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requires to define a head and a body for the test case,
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP
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requires to define a head, a body and a cleanup for the test case and
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD
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requires only a body for the test case.
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It is important to note that these
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.Em do not
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set the test case up for execution when the program is run.
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In order to do so, a later registration is needed through the
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.Fn ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE
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macro detailed in
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.Sx Program initialization .
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.Pp
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Later on, one must define the three parts of the body by means of three
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functions.
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Their headers are given by the
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD ,
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY
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and
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP
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macros, all of which take the test case's name.
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Following each of these, a block of code is expected, surrounded by the
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opening and closing brackets.
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.Pp
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Additionally, the
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_NAME
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macro can be used to obtain the name of the class corresponding to a
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particular test case, as the name is internally manged by the library to
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prevent clashes with other user identifiers.
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Similarly, the
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.Fn ATF_TEST_CASE_USE
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macro can be executed on a particular test case to mark it as "used" and
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thus prevent compiler warnings regarding unused symbols.
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Note that
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.Em you should never have to use these macros during regular operation.
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.Ss Program initialization
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The library provides a way to easily define the test program's
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.Fn main
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function.
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You should never define one on your own, but rely on the
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library to do it for you.
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This is done by using the
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.Fn ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES
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macro, which is passed the name of the list that will hold the test cases.
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This name can be whatever you want as long as it is a valid variable value.
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.Pp
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After the macro, you are supposed to provide the body of a function, which
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should only use the
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.Fn ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE
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macro to register the test cases the test program will execute.
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The first parameter of this macro matches the name you provided in the
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former call.
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.Ss Header definitions
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The test case's header can define the meta-data by using the
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.Fn set_md_var
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method, which takes two parameters: the first one specifies the
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meta-data variable to be set and the second one specifies its value.
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Both of them are strings.
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.Ss Configuration variables
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The test case has read-only access to the current configuration variables
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by means of the
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.Ft bool
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.Fn has_config_var
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and the
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.Ft std::string
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.Fn get_config_var
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methods, which can be called in any of the three parts of a test case.
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.Ss Access to the source directory
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It is possible to get the path to the test case's source directory from any
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of its three components by querying the
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.Sq srcdir
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configuration variable.
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.Ss Requiring programs
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Aside from the
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.Va require.progs
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meta-data variable available in the header only, one can also check for
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additional programs in the test case's body by using the
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.Fn require_prog
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function, which takes the base name or full path of a single binary.
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Relative paths are forbidden.
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If it is not found, the test case will be automatically skipped.
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.Ss Test case finalization
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The test case finalizes either when the body reaches its end, at which
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point the test is assumed to have
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.Em passed ,
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or at any explicit call to
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.Fn ATF_PASS ,
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.Fn ATF_FAIL
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or
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.Fn ATF_SKIP .
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These three macros terminate the execution of the test case immediately.
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The cleanup routine will be processed afterwards in a completely automated
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way, regardless of the test case's termination reason.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_PASS
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does not take any parameters.
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.Fn ATF_FAIL
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and
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.Fn ATF_SKIP
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take a single string that describes why the test case failed or
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was skipped, respectively.
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It is very important to provide a clear error message in both cases so that
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the user can quickly know why the test did not pass.
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.Ss Expectations
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Everything explained in the previous section changes when the test case
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expectations are redefined by the programmer.
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.Pp
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Each test case has an internal state called
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.Sq expect
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that describes what the test case expectations are at any point in time.
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The value of this property can change during execution by any of:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fn expect_death "reason"
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Expects the test case to exit prematurely regardless of the nature of the
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exit.
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.It Fn expect_exit "exitcode" "reason"
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Expects the test case to exit cleanly.
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If
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.Va exitcode
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is not
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.Sq -1 ,
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.Xr atf-run 1
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will validate that the exit code of the test case matches the one provided
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in this call.
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Otherwise, the exact value will be ignored.
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.It Fn expect_fail "reason"
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Any failure (be it fatal or non-fatal) raised in this mode is recorded.
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However, such failures do not report the test case as failed; instead, the
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test case finalizes cleanly and is reported as
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.Sq expected failure ;
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this report includes the provided
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.Fa reason
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as part of it.
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If no error is raised while running in this mode, then the test case is
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reported as
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.Sq failed .
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.Pp
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This mode is useful to reproduce actual known bugs in tests.
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Whenever the developer fixes the bug later on, the test case will start
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reporting a failure, signaling the developer that the test case must be
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adjusted to the new conditions.
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In this situation, it is useful, for example, to set
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.Fa reason
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as the bug number for tracking purposes.
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.It Fn expect_pass
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This is the normal mode of execution.
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In this mode, any failure is reported as such to the user and the test case
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is marked as
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.Sq failed .
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.It Fn expect_race "reason"
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Any failure or timeout during the execution of the test case will be
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considered as if a race condition has been triggered and reported as such.
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If no problems arise, the test will continue execution as usual.
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.It Fn expect_signal "signo" "reason"
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Expects the test case to terminate due to the reception of a signal.
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If
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.Va signo
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is not
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.Sq -1 ,
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.Xr atf-run 1
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will validate that the signal that terminated the test case matches the one
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provided in this call.
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Otherwise, the exact value will be ignored.
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.It Fn expect_timeout "reason"
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Expects the test case to execute for longer than its timeout.
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.El
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.Ss Helper macros for common checks
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The library provides several macros that are very handy in multiple
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situations.
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These basically check some condition after executing a given statement or
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processing a given expression and, if the condition is not met, they
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automatically call
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.Fn ATF_FAIL
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with an appropriate error message.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE
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takes an expression and raises a failure if it evaluates to false.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_EQ
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takes two expressions and raises a failure if the two do not evaluate to
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the same exact value.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_IN
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takes an element and a collection and validates that the element is present in
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the collection.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH
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takes a regular expression and a string and raises a failure if the regular
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expression does not match the string.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN
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takes an element and a collection and validates that the element is not present
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in the collection.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_THROW
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takes the name of an exception and a statement and raises a failure if
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the statement does not throw the specified exception.
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_RE
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takes the name of an exception, a regular expresion and a statement and raises a
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failure if the statement does not throw the specified exception and if the
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message of the exception does not match the regular expression.
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.Pp
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.Fn ATF_CHECK_ERRNO
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and
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.Fn ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO
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take, first, the error code that the check is expecting to find in the
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.Va errno
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variable and, second, a boolean expression that, if evaluates to true,
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means that a call failed and
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.Va errno
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has to be checked against the first value.
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.Ss Utility functions
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The following functions are provided as part of the
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.Nm
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API to simplify the creation of a variety of tests.
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In particular, these are useful to write tests for command-line interfaces.
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.Pp
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::cat_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& prefix"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Prints the contents of
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.Fa path
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to the standard output, prefixing every line with the string in
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.Fa prefix .
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ft bool
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.Fo atf::utils::compare_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& contents"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Returns true if the given
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.Fa path
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matches exactly the expected inlined
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.Fa contents .
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::copy_file
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.Fa "const std::string& source"
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.Fa "const std::string& destination"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Copies the file
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.Fa source
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to
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.Fa destination .
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The permissions of the file are preserved during the code.
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::create_file
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fa "const std::string& contents"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Creates
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.Fa file
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with the text given in
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.Fa contents .
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ft void
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.Fo atf::utils::file_exists
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.Fa "const std::string& path"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Checks if
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.Fa path
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exists.
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ft pid_t
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.Fo atf::utils::fork
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.Fa "void"
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.Fc
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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Forks a process and redirects the standard output and standard error of the
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child to files for later validation with
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.Fn atf::utils::wait .
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Fails the test case if the fork fails, so this does not return an error.
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.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ft bool
|
|
.Fo atf::utils::grep_collection
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
|
|
.Fa "const Collection& collection"
|
|
.Fc
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
Searches for the regular expression
|
|
.Fa regexp
|
|
in any of the strings contained in the
|
|
.Fa collection .
|
|
This is a template that accepts any one-dimensional container of strings.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ft bool
|
|
.Fo atf::utils::grep_file
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& path"
|
|
.Fc
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
Searches for the regular expression
|
|
.Fa regexp
|
|
in the file
|
|
.Fa path .
|
|
The variable arguments are used to construct the regular expression.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ft bool
|
|
.Fo atf::utils::grep_string
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& regexp"
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& str"
|
|
.Fc
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
Searches for the regular expression
|
|
.Fa regexp
|
|
in the string
|
|
.Fa str .
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ft void
|
|
.Fo atf::utils::redirect
|
|
.Fa "const int fd"
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& path"
|
|
.Fc
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
Redirects the given file descriptor
|
|
.Fa fd
|
|
to the file
|
|
.Fa path .
|
|
This function exits the process in case of an error and does not properly mark
|
|
the test case as failed.
|
|
As a result, it should only be used in subprocesses of the test case; specially
|
|
those spawned by
|
|
.Fn atf::utils::fork .
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ft void
|
|
.Fo atf::utils::wait
|
|
.Fa "const pid_t pid"
|
|
.Fa "const int expected_exit_status"
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& expected_stdout"
|
|
.Fa "const std::string& expected_stderr"
|
|
.Fc
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
Waits and validates the result of a subprocess spawned with
|
|
.Fn atf::utils::wait .
|
|
The validation involves checking that the subprocess exited cleanly and returned
|
|
the code specified in
|
|
.Fa expected_exit_status
|
|
and that its standard output and standard error match the strings given in
|
|
.Fa expected_stdout
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa expected_stderr .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If any of the
|
|
.Fa expected_stdout
|
|
or
|
|
.Fa expected_stderr
|
|
strings are prefixed with
|
|
.Sq save: ,
|
|
then they specify the name of the file into which to store the stdout or stderr
|
|
of the subprocess, and no comparison is performed.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
The following shows a complete test program with a single test case that
|
|
validates the addition operator:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#include <atf-c++.hpp>
|
|
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE(addition);
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(addition)
|
|
{
|
|
set_md_var("descr", "Sample tests for the addition operator");
|
|
}
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(addition)
|
|
{
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(0 + 0, 0);
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(0 + 1, 1);
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(1 + 0, 1);
|
|
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(1 + 1, 2);
|
|
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(100 + 200, 300);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE(open_failure);
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(open_failure)
|
|
{
|
|
set_md_var("descr", "Sample tests for the open function");
|
|
}
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(open_failure)
|
|
{
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO(ENOENT, open("non-existent", O_RDONLY) == -1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE(known_bug);
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(known_bug)
|
|
{
|
|
set_md_var("descr", "Reproduces a known bug");
|
|
}
|
|
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(known_bug)
|
|
{
|
|
expect_fail("See bug number foo/bar");
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(3, 1 + 1);
|
|
expect_pass();
|
|
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(3, 1 + 2);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES(tcs)
|
|
{
|
|
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, addition);
|
|
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, open_failure);
|
|
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, known_bug);
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr atf-test-program 1 ,
|
|
.Xr atf-test-case 4 ,
|
|
.Xr atf 7
|