6f4d88df9f
The IANA whois server has the right referral information for domain names, IP addresses, and AS numbers, so whois does not need to be able to choose servers itself (except for a few cases where referrals do not work). We can delete a chunk of code, which is always fun. This change improves the referral handling to be less sensitive to all the various formats, and to allow multi-hop referral chains, such as IANA -> registry -> registrar. ARIN queries have the "+" flag added if no flags are present, so we get full details if the query matches multiple objects. The Verisign anti-spam logic is also now suppressed if the user provided a non- trivial query string. Uninformative rubric is now trimmed by default. The -S option turns off trimming, and disables query fettling. The -i option is back to its traditional pre-1999 hostname, since whois.internic.net is more useful than whois.networksolutions.com. Note that the old fallback/default server whois.crsnic.net is an alias for whois.internic.net. The manual is more informative about query syntax.
268 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
268 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)whois.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 23, 2016
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.Dt WHOIS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm whois
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.Nd "Internet domain name and network number directory service"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aAbfgiIklmPQrRS
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.Op Fl c Ar country-code | Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl p Ar port
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.Ar name ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several
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Network Information Centers
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.Pq Tn NICs .
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm
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starts by querying the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) whois server,
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and follows referrals to whois servers
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that have more specific details about the query
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.Ar name .
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The IANA whois server knows about
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IP address and AS numbers
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as well as domain names.
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.Pp
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There are a few special cases where referrals do not work, so
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.Nm
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goes directly to the appropriate server.
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These include point-of-contact handles for ARIN,
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.Pa nic.at ,
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NORID, and RIPE,
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and domain names under
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.Pa ac.uk .
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers
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.Pq Tn ARIN
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world covered neither by
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.Tn APNIC , AfriNIC , LACNIC ,
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nor by
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.Tn RIPE .
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The query syntax is documented at
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.Pa https://www.arin.net/resources/whoisrws/whois_api.html#nicname
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.It Fl A
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Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center
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.Pq Tn APNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia,
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New Zealand, and the Pacific islands.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -A help
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.It Fl b
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Use the Network Abuse Clearinghouse database.
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It contains addresses to which network abuse should be reported,
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indexed by domain name.
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.It Fl c Ar country-code
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This is the equivalent of using the
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.Fl h
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option with an argument of
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.Qq Ar country-code Ns Li .whois-servers.net .
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.It Fl f
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Use the African Network Information Centre
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.Pq Tn AfriNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in Africa and the islands of the
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western Indian Ocean.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -f help
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.It Fl g
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Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of
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contact for subdomains of
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.Pa .GOV .
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.It Fl h Ar host
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Use the specified host instead of the default.
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Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.
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.It Fl i
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Use the traditional Network Information Center (InterNIC)
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.Pq Pa whois.internic.net
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database.
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This now contains only registrations for domain names under
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.Pa .COM ,
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.Pa .NET ,
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.Pa .EDU .
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You can specify the type of object to search for like
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.Ic whois -i ' Ns Ar type Ar name Ns Ic '
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where
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.Ar type
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can be
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.Nm domain , nameserver , registrar .
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The
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.Ar name
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can contain
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.Li *
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wildcards.
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.It Fl I
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Use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
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.Pq Tn IANA
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database.
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.It Fl k
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Use the National Internet Development Agency of Korea's
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.Pq Tn KRNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Korea.
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.It Fl l
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Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry
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.Pq Tn LACNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in much of Latin America and the
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Caribbean.
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.It Fl m
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Use the Route Arbiter Database
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.Pq Tn RADB
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database.
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It contains route policy specifications for a large
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number of operators' networks.
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.It Fl p Ar port
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Connect to the whois server on
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.Ar port .
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If this option is not specified,
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.Nm
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defaults to port 43.
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.It Fl P
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Use the PeeringDB database of AS numbers.
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It contains details about presence at internet peering points
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for many network operators.
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.It Fl Q
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Do a quick lookup;
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.Nm
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will not attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if a server is explicitly specified
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using one of the other options or in an environment variable.
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See also the
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.Fl R
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option.
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.It Fl r
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Use the R\(aaeseaux IP Europ\(aaeens
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.Pq Tn RIPE
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Europe.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -r help
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.It Fl R
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Do a recursive lookup;
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.Nm
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will attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if no server is explicitly specified.
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See also the
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.Fl Q
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option.
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.It Fl S
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By default
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.Nm
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adjusts simple queries (without spaces) to produce more useful output
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from certain whois servers,
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and it suppresses some uninformative output.
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With the
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.Fl S
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option,
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.Nm
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sends the query and prints the output verbatim.
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.El
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.Pp
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The operands specified to
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.Nm
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are treated independently and may be used
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as queries on different whois servers.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag
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.It Ev WHOIS_SERVER
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The primary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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uses the
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.Ev RA_SERVER
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environment variable.
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.It Ev RA_SERVER
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The secondary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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will use
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.Pa whois.iana.org .
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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To obtain contact information about an
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administrator located in the Russian
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.Tn TLD
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domain
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.Qq Li RU ,
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use the
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.Fl c
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option as shown in the following example, where
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.Ar CONTACT-ID
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is substituted with the actual contact identifier.
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.Pp
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.Dl "whois -c RU CONTACT-ID"
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.Pp
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(Note: This example is specific to the
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.Tn TLD
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.Qq Li RU ,
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but other
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.Tn TLDs
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can be queried by using a similar syntax.)
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.Pp
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The following example demonstrates how to query
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a whois server using a non-standard port, where
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.Dq Li query-data
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is the query to be sent to
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.Dq Li whois.example.com
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on port
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.Dq Li rwhois
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(written numerically as 4321).
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.Pp
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.Dl "whois -h whois.example.com -p rwhois query-data"
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Rs
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.%A Ken Harrenstien
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.%A Vic White
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.%T NICNAME/WHOIS
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.%D 1 March 1982
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.%O RFC 812
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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