2488 lines
104 KiB
Plaintext
2488 lines
104 KiB
Plaintext
# @(#)europe 8.6
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# <pre>
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# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
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# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
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# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
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# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
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# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
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# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
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#
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# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
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# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
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# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
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# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
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# of the IATA's data after 1990.
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#
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# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
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# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
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#
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# Other sources occasionally used include:
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#
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# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
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# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
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# which I found in the UCLA library.
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#
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# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
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# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
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# </a> (1914-03)
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#
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# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
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# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
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# History of Summer Time
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# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
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#
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# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
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# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
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# Corrections are welcome!
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# std dst 2dst
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# LMT Local Mean Time
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# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
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# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
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# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
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# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
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# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
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# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
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# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
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# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
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# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
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# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
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# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
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# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
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#
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# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
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# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
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# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
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# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
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# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
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# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
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# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
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# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
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# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
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# ...
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# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
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# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
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# ...
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# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
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# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
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# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
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# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
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# in the Directive.
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###############################################################################
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# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
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# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
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#
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# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
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# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
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# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
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# of the text said:
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#
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# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
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# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
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# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
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# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
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# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
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# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
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# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
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#
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# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
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# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
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# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
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#
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# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
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# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
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#
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# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
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# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
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# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
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# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
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# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
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# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
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# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
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# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
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# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
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# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
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# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
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# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
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# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
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# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
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# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
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# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
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# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
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# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
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# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
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# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
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#
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# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
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# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
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# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
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# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
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# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
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# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
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# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
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# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
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# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
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# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
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# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
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# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
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# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
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# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
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# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
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# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
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# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
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# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
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# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
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# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
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# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
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# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
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# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
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# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
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# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
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# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
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# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
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# </a>
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
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# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
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# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
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# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
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# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
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# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
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#
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
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# From: Jonathan Leffler
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
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# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
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# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
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# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
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# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
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# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
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# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
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# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
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# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
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# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
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# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
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# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
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# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
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# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
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# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
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# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
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# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
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# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
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# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
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# which is to be introduced in May....
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# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
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# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
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# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
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# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
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# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
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# so we use `BDST'.
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# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
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# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
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# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
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# and extending this list, which can be found in
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# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
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# History of legal time in Britain
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# </a>
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# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
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#
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# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
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# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
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# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
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# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
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# </a>.
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# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
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#
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# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
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#
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# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
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# are incorrect:
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# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
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# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
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# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
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# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
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# It actually just had one transition.
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# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
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# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
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# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
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# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
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# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
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#
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# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
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# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
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# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
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# conform with Great Britain.
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# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
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#
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# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
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# we'll ignore it for now.
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# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
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#
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#
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# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
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# Shanks & Pottenger.
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# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
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# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
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# to London. For example:
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#
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# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
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# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
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# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
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# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
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# various relating to legal time, for example:
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#
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# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
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#
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# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
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# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
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#
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# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
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# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
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# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
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#
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# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
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# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
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# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
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#
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# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
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# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
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#
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# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
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# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
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# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
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#
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# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
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# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
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# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
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# being GMT+1.)
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# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
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# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
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# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
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# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
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# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
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# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
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# and Frethun run in CT.
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# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
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# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
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# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
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# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
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# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
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# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
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# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
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# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
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# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
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# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
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# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
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# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
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# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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# Summer Time Act, 1916
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
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# The Summer Time Act, 1922
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# The Summer Time Act, 1925
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
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Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
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# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
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Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
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Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
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# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
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Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# The Summer Time Act, 1947
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
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# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
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# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
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# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
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# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
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# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
|
|
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
|
|
# (no summer time)
|
|
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
|
|
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
|
|
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
|
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
|
|
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
|
|
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
|
|
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
|
|
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/IST
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Continental Europe
|
|
|
|
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
|
|
# Common Market, etc.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
|
|
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
|
|
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
|
|
# </a>
|
|
|
|
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
|
|
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
|
|
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
|
|
Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
#
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
|
|
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
|
|
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
|
|
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
|
|
|
|
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
|
|
# The official German names ... are
|
|
#
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
|
|
#
|
|
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
|
|
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
|
|
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
|
|
#
|
|
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
|
|
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
|
|
# Postfach 3345
|
|
# D-38023 Braunschweig
|
|
# phone: +49 531 592-0
|
|
#
|
|
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
|
|
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
|
|
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
|
|
#
|
|
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Albania
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
|
|
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Andorra
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Austria
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
|
|
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
|
|
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
|
|
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
|
|
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1946
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belarus
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belgium
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
|
|
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
|
|
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
|
|
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
|
|
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
|
|
# pp 8-9.
|
|
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
|
|
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
|
|
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
|
|
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
|
|
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
|
|
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
|
|
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
|
|
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
|
|
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
|
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
|
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
# see Serbia
|
|
|
|
# Bulgaria
|
|
#
|
|
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
|
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
|
|
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
|
|
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
|
|
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
|
|
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Croatia
|
|
# see Serbia
|
|
|
|
# Cyprus
|
|
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
|
|
|
|
# Czech Republic
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
|
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
|
|
|
|
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
|
|
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
|
|
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
|
|
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
|
|
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
|
|
#
|
|
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
|
|
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
|
|
#
|
|
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
|
|
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
|
|
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
|
|
#
|
|
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
|
|
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
|
|
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
|
|
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
|
|
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
|
|
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
|
|
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
|
|
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
|
|
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
|
|
# was suspended on that night):
|
|
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
|
|
|
|
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
|
|
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
|
|
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
|
|
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
|
|
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
|
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
|
|
0:00 - WET 1981
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
|
|
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
|
|
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
|
|
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
|
|
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
|
|
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
|
|
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
|
|
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
|
|
|
|
# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
|
|
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
|
|
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
|
|
#
|
|
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
|
|
# is according to the following time line:
|
|
#
|
|
# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
|
|
# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
|
|
# Scoresbysund UTC-1
|
|
# Danmarkshavn UTC
|
|
#
|
|
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
|
|
# introduced.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
|
|
#
|
|
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
|
|
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
|
|
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
|
|
# info from earlier correspondence.]
|
|
#
|
|
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
|
|
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
|
|
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
|
|
#
|
|
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
|
|
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
|
|
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
|
|
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
|
|
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
|
|
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
|
|
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
|
|
#
|
|
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
|
|
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
|
|
#
|
|
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
|
|
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
|
|
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
|
|
#
|
|
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
|
|
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
|
|
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
|
|
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
|
|
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
|
|
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
|
|
# there at 2:00 AM.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
|
|
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
|
|
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
|
|
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
|
|
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
|
|
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
|
Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
|
|
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
|
|
0:00 - GMT
|
|
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
|
|
-2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
|
|
-1:00 EU EG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
|
|
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-3:00 EU WG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
|
|
-4:00 Thule A%sT
|
|
|
|
# Estonia
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
|
|
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
|
|
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
|
|
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
|
|
#
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
|
|
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
|
|
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
|
|
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
|
|
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
|
|
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
|
|
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
|
|
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
|
|
# summer time next spring.''
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
|
|
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
|
|
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
|
|
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
|
|
#
|
|
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
|
|
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
|
|
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
|
|
|
|
# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
|
|
# via Steffen Thorsen:
|
|
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
|
|
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
|
|
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
|
|
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
|
|
# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
|
|
# after that.
|
|
|
|
# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
|
|
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
|
|
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
|
|
# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
|
|
|
|
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
|
|
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
|
|
# Now we are using again EU rules.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
|
|
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
|
|
2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Finland
|
|
#
|
|
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
|
|
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
|
|
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
|
|
# since 1981. Go with Strang instead.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
|
1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
|
|
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Aaland Is
|
|
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
|
|
|
|
|
|
# France
|
|
|
|
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
|
|
#
|
|
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
|
|
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
|
|
#
|
|
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
|
|
# Paris, 1991
|
|
#
|
|
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
|
|
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
|
|
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
|
|
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
|
|
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
|
|
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
|
|
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
|
|
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
|
|
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
|
|
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
|
|
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
|
|
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
|
|
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
|
|
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
|
|
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
|
|
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
|
|
# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
|
|
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
|
|
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Germany
|
|
|
|
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
|
|
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
|
|
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
|
|
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
|
|
|
|
# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
|
|
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
|
|
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
|
|
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
|
|
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
|
|
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
|
|
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Georgia
|
|
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
|
|
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
|
|
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
|
|
|
|
# Gibraltar
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Greece
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
|
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
|
|
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
|
|
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Hungary
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Iceland
|
|
#
|
|
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
|
|
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-05):
|
|
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
|
|
# Iceland Almanak.
|
|
#
|
|
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
|
|
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
|
|
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
|
|
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
|
|
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
|
|
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
|
|
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-10):
|
|
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
|
|
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
|
|
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
|
|
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
|
|
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
|
|
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
|
|
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
|
|
# might mean something else (???).
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
|
|
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
|
|
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
|
|
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
|
|
-1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
|
|
-1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
|
0:00 - GMT
|
|
|
|
# Italy
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
|
|
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
|
|
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
|
|
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
|
|
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
|
|
# so record only the time in Rome.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
|
|
# F. Pollastri
|
|
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
|
|
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
|
|
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
|
|
#
|
|
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
|
|
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
|
|
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
|
|
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
|
|
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
|
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
|
|
|
|
# Latvia
|
|
|
|
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
|
|
|
|
# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
|
|
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
|
|
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
|
|
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
|
|
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
|
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
|
|
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
|
|
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
|
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
|
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
|
|
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
|
|
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
|
|
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
|
|
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
|
|
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
|
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
|
|
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
|
|
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
|
|
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
|
|
#
|
|
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
|
|
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
|
|
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
|
|
|
|
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
|
|
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
|
|
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
|
|
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
|
|
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
|
|
|
|
# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
|
|
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
|
|
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
|
|
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
|
|
# clocks one hour in the spring....
|
|
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
|
|
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
|
|
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
|
|
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
|
|
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
|
|
# appears that they will not do so....
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
|
|
2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Liechtenstein
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
|
|
1:00 - CET 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Lithuania
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
|
|
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
|
|
|
|
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
|
|
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
|
|
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
|
|
|
|
# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
|
|
# via Steffen Thorsen:
|
|
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
|
|
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
|
|
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
|
|
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
|
|
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
|
|
# already done by Estonia.
|
|
|
|
# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
|
|
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
|
|
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
|
|
|
|
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
|
|
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
|
|
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
|
|
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
|
|
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
|
|
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
|
|
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
|
|
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
|
|
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
|
|
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
|
2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Luxembourg
|
|
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
|
|
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
|
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Macedonia
|
|
# see Serbia
|
|
|
|
# Malta
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
|
|
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Moldova
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
|
|
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
|
|
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
|
|
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
|
|
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
|
|
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
|
|
# But [two people] separately reported via
|
|
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
|
|
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
|
|
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
|
|
2:00 - EET 1991
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
|
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Monaco
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
|
|
# more precise 0:09:21.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Montenegro
|
|
# see Serbia
|
|
|
|
# Netherlands
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
|
|
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
|
|
# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
|
|
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
|
|
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
|
|
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
|
|
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
|
|
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
|
|
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
|
|
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
|
|
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
|
|
#
|
|
# (2001-04-08):
|
|
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
|
|
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
|
|
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
#
|
|
# (2001-04-09):
|
|
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
|
|
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
|
|
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
|
|
# actually followed.
|
|
#
|
|
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
|
|
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
|
|
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
|
|
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
|
|
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
#
|
|
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
|
|
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
|
|
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
|
|
# Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
|
|
# The data before 1945 are taken from
|
|
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
|
|
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
|
|
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
#
|
|
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
|
|
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
|
|
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
|
|
0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Norway
|
|
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
|
|
# Pottenger.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
|
|
|
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
|
|
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
|
|
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
|
|
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
|
|
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
|
|
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
|
|
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
|
|
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
|
|
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
|
|
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
|
|
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
|
|
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
|
|
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
|
|
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
|
|
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
|
|
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
|
|
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
|
|
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
|
|
#
|
|
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
|
|
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
|
|
# keeping Berlin time.
|
|
#
|
|
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
|
|
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
|
|
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
|
|
# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
|
|
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
|
|
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
|
|
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
|
|
#
|
|
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
|
|
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
|
|
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
|
|
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
|
|
# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
|
|
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
|
|
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
|
|
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
|
|
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
|
|
#
|
|
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
|
|
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
|
|
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
|
|
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
|
|
Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
|
|
|
|
# Poland
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
|
|
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
|
|
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
|
|
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
|
|
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
|
|
# He also gives these further references:
|
|
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
|
|
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Portugal
|
|
#
|
|
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
|
|
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
|
|
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
|
#
|
|
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
|
|
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
|
|
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
|
|
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
|
|
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
|
|
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
|
|
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
|
|
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
|
|
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
|
|
# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
|
|
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
|
|
-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
|
|
-1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
|
|
-2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
|
|
-1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
-1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
|
-1:00 EU AZO%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
|
|
-1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
|
|
-1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Romania
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
|
|
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
|
|
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
|
|
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
|
|
# the same year as Bulgaria.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
|
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Russia
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
|
|
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
|
|
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
|
|
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
|
|
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
|
|
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
|
|
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
|
|
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
|
|
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
|
|
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
|
|
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
|
|
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
|
|
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
|
|
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
|
|
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
|
|
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
|
|
#
|
|
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
|
|
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
|
|
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
|
|
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
|
|
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
|
|
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
|
|
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
|
|
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
|
|
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
|
|
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
|
|
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
|
|
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
|
|
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
#
|
|
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
|
|
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
|
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
|
|
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
|
|
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
|
|
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
|
|
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
|
|
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
|
|
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
|
|
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
|
|
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
|
|
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
|
|
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
|
|
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
|
|
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
|
|
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
|
|
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
|
|
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
|
|
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
|
|
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
|
|
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
|
|
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
|
|
2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
|
|
#
|
|
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
|
|
# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
|
|
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
|
|
# others? But we have no data.
|
|
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
|
|
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
|
|
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
|
|
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
|
|
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
|
|
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia VOL%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
|
|
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
|
|
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
|
|
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
|
|
3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
|
|
4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
|
|
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
|
|
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
|
|
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
|
|
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
|
|
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
|
|
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
|
|
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
|
|
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
|
|
5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
|
|
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia OMS%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
|
|
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
|
|
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
|
|
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
|
|
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
|
|
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
|
|
6:00 Russia NOV%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
|
|
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
|
|
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
|
|
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
|
|
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
|
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia KRA%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
|
|
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
|
|
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
|
|
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
|
|
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
8:00 Russia IRK%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
|
|
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
|
|
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
|
|
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
|
|
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
|
|
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
|
|
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
|
|
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
|
|
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
|
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
|
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
9:00 Russia YAK%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
|
|
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
|
|
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
|
|
# Ust'-Yanskij.
|
|
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
|
|
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
|
|
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
10:00 Russia VLA%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
|
|
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
|
|
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
|
|
9:00 - CJT 1938
|
|
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
|
|
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
|
|
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
|
|
10:00 Russia SAK%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
|
|
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
|
|
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
|
|
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
|
|
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
|
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia MAG%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
|
|
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
|
|
#
|
|
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
|
|
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
|
|
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
|
|
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
12:00 Russia PET%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
|
|
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
|
|
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
|
|
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
12:00 Russia ANA%sT
|
|
|
|
# Serbia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
|
|
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
|
|
|
|
# Slovakia
|
|
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
|
|
|
|
# Slovenia
|
|
# see Serbia
|
|
|
|
# Spain
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
|
|
0:00 - WET 1924
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
|
|
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
|
|
1:00 - CET 1986
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
|
-1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
|
|
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
|
|
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
|
|
|
|
# Sweden
|
|
|
|
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
|
|
#
|
|
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
|
|
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
|
|
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
|
|
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
|
|
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
|
|
#
|
|
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
|
|
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
|
|
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
|
|
#
|
|
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
|
|
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
|
|
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
|
|
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
|
|
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
|
|
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
|
|
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
|
|
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
|
|
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
|
|
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
|
|
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
|
|
#
|
|
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
|
|
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
|
|
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
|
|
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
|
|
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
|
|
# the Sok-button).
|
|
#
|
|
# (2001-05-13):
|
|
#
|
|
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
|
|
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
|
|
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
|
|
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
|
|
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
|
|
# hour before the event took place.
|
|
#
|
|
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
|
|
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Switzerland
|
|
# From Howse:
|
|
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
|
|
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
|
|
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
|
|
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
|
|
0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Turkey
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
|
|
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
|
|
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
|
|
|
|
# Ukraine
|
|
#
|
|
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
|
|
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
|
|
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
|
|
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
|
|
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
|
|
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
|
|
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
|
|
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
|
|
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
|
|
1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
|
|
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
|
|
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
|
|
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
|
|
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
|
|
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
|
|
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
|
|
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
|
|
# changed in May.
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
|
|
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
|
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
|
|
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
|
|
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
|
|
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
|
|
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
|
|
#
|
|
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
|
|
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
|
|
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
|
|
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
|
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
|
|
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
|
|
# From: Tom Hofmann
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
|
|
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
|
|
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
|
|
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
|
|
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
|
|
# years...
|
|
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
|
|
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
|
|
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
|
|
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
|
|
#
|
|
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
|
|
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
|
|
#
|
|
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
|
|
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
|
|
# From: Dik T. Winter
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
|
|
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
|
|
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
|
|
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
|
|
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
|
|
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
|
|
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
|
|
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
|
|
# dates...
|
|
#
|
|
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
|
|
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
|
|
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
|
|
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
|
|
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
|
|
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
|
|
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
|
|
# in advance of normal time.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...
|
|
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
|
|
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
|
|
# ...
|