d2d2cf7b2e
Mention some prominent past contributors: Hajimu Umemoto (ipv6), Henry Whincup (https), Jukka Ukkonen (if-modified-since) and Jean-François Dockes (digest auth)
714 lines
18 KiB
Groff
714 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 26, 2010
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.Dt FETCH 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fetchMakeURL ,
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.Nm fetchParseURL ,
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.Nm fetchFreeURL ,
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.Nm fetchXGetURL ,
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.Nm fetchGetURL ,
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.Nm fetchPutURL ,
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.Nm fetchStatURL ,
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.Nm fetchListURL ,
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.Nm fetchXGet ,
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.Nm fetchGet ,
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.Nm fetchPut ,
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.Nm fetchStat ,
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.Nm fetchList ,
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.Nm fetchXGetFile ,
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.Nm fetchGetFile ,
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.Nm fetchPutFile ,
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.Nm fetchStatFile ,
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.Nm fetchListFile ,
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.Nm fetchXGetHTTP ,
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.Nm fetchGetHTTP ,
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.Nm fetchPutHTTP ,
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.Nm fetchStatHTTP ,
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.Nm fetchListHTTP ,
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.Nm fetchXGetFTP ,
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.Nm fetchGetFTP ,
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.Nm fetchPutFTP ,
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.Nm fetchStatFTP ,
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.Nm fetchListFTP
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.Nd file transfer functions
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libfetch
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/param.h
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.In stdio.h
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.In fetch.h
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.Ft struct url *
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.Fn fetchMakeURL "const char *scheme" "const char *host" "int port" "const char *doc" "const char *user" "const char *pwd"
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.Ft struct url *
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.Fn fetchParseURL "const char *URL"
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.Ft void
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.Fn fetchFreeURL "struct url *u"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchXGetURL "const char *URL" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchGetURL "const char *URL" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchPutURL "const char *URL" "const char *flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fetchStatURL "const char *URL" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft struct url_ent *
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.Fn fetchListURL "const char *URL" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchXGet "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchGet "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchPut "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fetchStat "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft struct url_ent *
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.Fn fetchList "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchXGetFile "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchGetFile "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchPutFile "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fetchStatFile "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft struct url_ent *
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.Fn fetchListFile "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchXGetHTTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchGetHTTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchPutHTTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fetchStatHTTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft struct url_ent *
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.Fn fetchListHTTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchXGetFTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchGetFTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fetchPutFTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fetchStatFTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags"
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.Ft struct url_ent *
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.Fn fetchListFTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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These functions implement a high-level library for retrieving and
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uploading files using Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchParseURL
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takes a URL in the form of a null-terminated string and splits it into
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its components function according to the Common Internet Scheme Syntax
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detailed in RFC1738.
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A regular expression which produces this syntax is:
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.Bd -literal
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<scheme>:(//(<user>(:<pwd>)?@)?<host>(:<port>)?)?/(<document>)?
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If the URL does not seem to begin with a scheme name, the following
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syntax is assumed:
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.Bd -literal
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((<user>(:<pwd>)?@)?<host>(:<port>)?)?/(<document>)?
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note that some components of the URL are not necessarily relevant to
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all URL schemes.
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For instance, the file scheme only needs the <scheme> and <document>
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components.
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchMakeURL
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and
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.Fn fetchParseURL
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return a pointer to a
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.Vt url
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structure, which is defined as follows in
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.In fetch.h :
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.Bd -literal
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#define URL_SCHEMELEN 16
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#define URL_USERLEN 256
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#define URL_PWDLEN 256
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struct url {
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char scheme[URL_SCHEMELEN+1];
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char user[URL_USERLEN+1];
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char pwd[URL_PWDLEN+1];
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char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+1];
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int port;
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char *doc;
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off_t offset;
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size_t length;
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time_t ims_time;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Va ims_time
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field stores the time value for
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.Li If-Modified-Since
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HTTP requests.
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.Pp
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The pointer returned by
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.Fn fetchMakeURL
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or
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.Fn fetchParseURL
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should be freed using
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.Fn fetchFreeURL .
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchXGetURL ,
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.Fn fetchGetURL ,
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and
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.Fn fetchPutURL
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constitute the recommended interface to the
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.Nm fetch
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library.
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They examine the URL passed to them to determine the transfer
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method, and call the appropriate lower-level functions to perform the
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actual transfer.
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.Fn fetchXGetURL
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also returns the remote document's metadata in the
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.Vt url_stat
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structure pointed to by the
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.Fa us
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argument.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa flags
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argument is a string of characters which specify transfer options.
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The
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meaning of the individual flags is scheme-dependent, and is detailed
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in the appropriate section below.
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchStatURL
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attempts to obtain the requested document's metadata and fill in the
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structure pointed to by its second argument.
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The
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.Vt url_stat
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structure is defined as follows in
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.In fetch.h :
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.Bd -literal
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struct url_stat {
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off_t size;
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time_t atime;
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time_t mtime;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If the size could not be obtained from the server, the
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.Fa size
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field is set to -1.
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If the modification time could not be obtained from the server, the
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.Fa mtime
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field is set to the epoch.
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If the access time could not be obtained from the server, the
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.Fa atime
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field is set to the modification time.
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchListURL
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attempts to list the contents of the directory pointed to by the URL
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provided.
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If successful, it returns a malloced array of
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.Vt url_ent
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structures.
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The
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.Vt url_ent
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structure is defined as follows in
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.In fetch.h :
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.Bd -literal
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struct url_ent {
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char name[PATH_MAX];
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struct url_stat stat;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The list is terminated by an entry with an empty name.
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.Pp
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The pointer returned by
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.Fn fetchListURL
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should be freed using
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.Fn free .
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchXGet ,
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.Fn fetchGet ,
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.Fn fetchPut
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and
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.Fn fetchStat
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are similar to
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.Fn fetchXGetURL ,
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.Fn fetchGetURL ,
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.Fn fetchPutURL
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and
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.Fn fetchStatURL ,
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except that they expect a pre-parsed URL in the form of a pointer to
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a
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.Vt struct url
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rather than a string.
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.Pp
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All of the
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.Fn fetchXGetXXX ,
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.Fn fetchGetXXX
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and
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.Fn fetchPutXXX
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functions return a pointer to a stream which can be used to read or
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write data from or to the requested document, respectively.
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Note that
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although the implementation details of the individual access methods
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vary, it can generally be assumed that a stream returned by one of the
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.Fn fetchXGetXXX
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or
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.Fn fetchGetXXX
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functions is read-only, and that a stream returned by one of the
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.Fn fetchPutXXX
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functions is write-only.
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.Sh FILE SCHEME
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.Fn fetchXGetFile ,
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.Fn fetchGetFile
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and
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.Fn fetchPutFile
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provide access to documents which are files in a locally mounted file
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system.
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Only the <document> component of the URL is used.
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchXGetFile
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and
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.Fn fetchGetFile
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do not accept any flags.
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.Pp
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.Fn fetchPutFile
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accepts the
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.Ql a
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(append to file) flag.
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If that flag is specified, the data written to
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the stream returned by
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.Fn fetchPutFile
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will be appended to the previous contents of the file, instead of
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replacing them.
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.Sh FTP SCHEME
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.Fn fetchXGetFTP ,
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.Fn fetchGetFTP
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and
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.Fn fetchPutFTP
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implement the FTP protocol as described in RFC959.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ql p
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(passive) flag is specified, a passive (rather than active) connection
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will be attempted.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ql l
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(low) flag is specified, data sockets will be allocated in the low (or
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default) port range instead of the high port range (see
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.Xr ip 4 ) .
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ql d
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(direct) flag is specified,
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.Fn fetchXGetFTP ,
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.Fn fetchGetFTP
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and
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.Fn fetchPutFTP
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will use a direct connection even if a proxy server is defined.
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.Pp
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If no user name or password is given, the
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.Nm fetch
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library will attempt an anonymous login, with user name "anonymous"
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and password "anonymous@<hostname>".
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.Sh HTTP SCHEME
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The
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.Fn fetchXGetHTTP ,
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.Fn fetchGetHTTP
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and
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.Fn fetchPutHTTP
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functions implement the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
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With a little luck, there is
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even a chance that they comply with RFC2616 and RFC2617.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ql d
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(direct) flag is specified,
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.Fn fetchXGetHTTP ,
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.Fn fetchGetHTTP
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and
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.Fn fetchPutHTTP
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will use a direct connection even if a proxy server is defined.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ql i
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(if-modified-since) flag is specified, and
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the
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.Va ims_time
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field is set in
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.Vt "struct url" ,
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then
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.Fn fetchXGetHTTP
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and
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.Fn fetchGetHTTP
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will send a conditional
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.Li If-Modified-Since
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HTTP header to only fetch the content if it is newer than
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.Va ims_time .
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.Pp
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Since there seems to be no good way of implementing the HTTP PUT
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method in a manner consistent with the rest of the
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.Nm fetch
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library,
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.Fn fetchPutHTTP
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is currently unimplemented.
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.Sh AUTHENTICATION
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Apart from setting the appropriate environment variables and
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specifying the user name and password in the URL or the
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.Vt struct url ,
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the calling program has the option of defining an authentication
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function with the following prototype:
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.Pp
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.Ft int
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.Fn myAuthMethod "struct url *u"
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.Pp
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The callback function should fill in the
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.Fa user
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and
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.Fa pwd
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fields in the provided
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.Vt struct url
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and return 0 on success, or any other value to indicate failure.
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.Pp
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To register the authentication callback, simply set
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.Va fetchAuthMethod
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to point at it.
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The callback will be used whenever a site requires authentication and
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the appropriate environment variables are not set.
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.Pp
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This interface is experimental and may be subject to change.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Fn fetchParseURL
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returns a pointer to a
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.Vt struct url
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containing the individual components of the URL.
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If it is
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unable to allocate memory, or the URL is syntactically incorrect,
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.Fn fetchParseURL
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returns a NULL pointer.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fetchStat
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functions return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
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.Pp
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All other functions return a stream pointer which may be used to
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access the requested document, or NULL if an error occurred.
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.Pp
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The following error codes are defined in
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.In fetch.h :
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.Bl -tag -width 18n
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.It Bq Er FETCH_ABORT
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Operation aborted
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.It Bq Er FETCH_AUTH
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Authentication failed
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.It Bq Er FETCH_DOWN
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Service unavailable
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.It Bq Er FETCH_EXISTS
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File exists
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.It Bq Er FETCH_FULL
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File system full
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.It Bq Er FETCH_INFO
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Informational response
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.It Bq Er FETCH_MEMORY
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Insufficient memory
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.It Bq Er FETCH_MOVED
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File has moved
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.It Bq Er FETCH_NETWORK
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Network error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_OK
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No error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_PROTO
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Protocol error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_RESOLV
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Resolver error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_SERVER
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Server error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_TEMP
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Temporary error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_TIMEOUT
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Operation timed out
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.It Bq Er FETCH_UNAVAIL
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File is not available
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.It Bq Er FETCH_UNKNOWN
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Unknown error
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.It Bq Er FETCH_URL
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Invalid URL
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.El
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.Pp
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The accompanying error message includes a protocol-specific error code
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and message, e.g.\& "File is not available (404 Not Found)"
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ev FETCH_BIND_ADDRESS"
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.It Ev FETCH_BIND_ADDRESS
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Specifies a hostname or IP address to which sockets used for outgoing
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connections will be bound.
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.It Ev FTP_LOGIN
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|
Default FTP login if none was provided in the URL.
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.It Ev FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
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If set to anything but
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.Ql no ,
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|
forces the FTP code to use passive mode.
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.It Ev FTP_PASSWORD
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|
Default FTP password if the remote server requests one and none was
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provided in the URL.
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.It Ev FTP_PROXY
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|
URL of the proxy to use for FTP requests.
|
|
The document part is ignored.
|
|
FTP and HTTP proxies are supported; if no scheme is specified, FTP is
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assumed.
|
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If the proxy is an FTP proxy,
|
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.Nm libfetch
|
|
will send
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.Ql user@host
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as user name to the proxy, where
|
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.Ql user
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is the real user name, and
|
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.Ql host
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|
is the name of the FTP server.
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.Pp
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If this variable is set to an empty string, no proxy will be used for
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FTP requests, even if the
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.Ev HTTP_PROXY
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variable is set.
|
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.It Ev ftp_proxy
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|
Same as
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.Ev FTP_PROXY ,
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for compatibility.
|
|
.It Ev HTTP_AUTH
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|
Specifies HTTP authorization parameters as a colon-separated list of
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items.
|
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The first and second item are the authorization scheme and realm
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|
respectively; further items are scheme-dependent.
|
|
Currently, the
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.Dq basic
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and
|
|
.Dq digest
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|
authorization methods are supported.
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.Pp
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|
Both methods require two parameters: the user name and
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|
password, in that order.
|
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.Pp
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|
This variable is only used if the server requires authorization and
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no user name or password was specified in the URL.
|
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.It Ev HTTP_PROXY
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URL of the proxy to use for HTTP requests.
|
|
The document part is ignored.
|
|
Only HTTP proxies are supported for HTTP requests.
|
|
If no port number is specified, the default is 3128.
|
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.Pp
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|
Note that this proxy will also be used for FTP documents, unless the
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.Ev FTP_PROXY
|
|
variable is set.
|
|
.It Ev http_proxy
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Ev HTTP_PROXY ,
|
|
for compatibility.
|
|
.It Ev HTTP_PROXY_AUTH
|
|
Specifies authorization parameters for the HTTP proxy in the same
|
|
format as the
|
|
.Ev HTTP_AUTH
|
|
variable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This variable is used if and only if connected to an HTTP proxy, and
|
|
is ignored if a user and/or a password were specified in the proxy
|
|
URL.
|
|
.It Ev HTTP_REFERER
|
|
Specifies the referrer URL to use for HTTP requests.
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Dq auto ,
|
|
the document URL will be used as referrer URL.
|
|
.It Ev HTTP_USER_AGENT
|
|
Specifies the User-Agent string to use for HTTP requests.
|
|
This can be useful when working with HTTP origin or proxy servers that
|
|
differentiate between user agents.
|
|
.It Ev NETRC
|
|
Specifies a file to use instead of
|
|
.Pa ~/.netrc
|
|
to look up login names and passwords for FTP sites.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr ftp 1
|
|
for a description of the file format.
|
|
This feature is experimental.
|
|
.It Ev NO_PROXY
|
|
Either a single asterisk, which disables the use of proxies
|
|
altogether, or a comma- or whitespace-separated list of hosts for
|
|
which proxies should not be used.
|
|
.It Ev no_proxy
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Ev NO_PROXY ,
|
|
for compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
To access a proxy server on
|
|
.Pa proxy.example.com
|
|
port 8080, set the
|
|
.Ev HTTP_PROXY
|
|
environment variable in a manner similar to this:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:8080
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the proxy server requires authentication, there are
|
|
two options available for passing the authentication data.
|
|
The first method is by using the proxy URL:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl HTTP_PROXY=http://<user>:<pwd>@proxy.example.com:8080
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The second method is by using the
|
|
.Ev HTTP_PROXY_AUTH
|
|
environment variable:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:8080
|
|
HTTP_PROXY_AUTH=basic:*:<user>:<pwd>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To disable the use of a proxy for an HTTP server running on the local
|
|
host, define
|
|
.Ev NO_PROXY
|
|
as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr fetch 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ftpio 3 ,
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A J. Postel
|
|
.%A J. K. Reynolds
|
|
.%D October 1985
|
|
.%B File Transfer Protocol
|
|
.%O RFC959
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A P. Deutsch
|
|
.%A A. Emtage
|
|
.%A A. Marine.
|
|
.%D May 1994
|
|
.%T How to Use Anonymous FTP
|
|
.%O RFC1635
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A T. Berners-Lee
|
|
.%A L. Masinter
|
|
.%A M. McCahill
|
|
.%D December 1994
|
|
.%T Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
|
|
.%O RFC1738
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A R. Fielding
|
|
.%A J. Gettys
|
|
.%A J. Mogul
|
|
.%A H. Frystyk
|
|
.%A L. Masinter
|
|
.%A P. Leach
|
|
.%A T. Berners-Lee
|
|
.%D January 1999
|
|
.%B Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
|
|
.%O RFC2616
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A J. Franks
|
|
.%A P. Hallam-Baker
|
|
.%A J. Hostetler
|
|
.%A S. Lawrence
|
|
.%A P. Leach
|
|
.%A A. Luotonen
|
|
.%A L. Stewart
|
|
.%D June 1999
|
|
.%B HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication
|
|
.%O RFC2617
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm fetch
|
|
library first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 3.0 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm fetch
|
|
library was mostly written by
|
|
.An Dag-Erling Sm\(/orgrav Aq des@FreeBSD.org
|
|
with numerous suggestions and contributions from
|
|
.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org ,
|
|
.An Eugene Skepner Aq eu@qub.com ,
|
|
.An Hajimu Umemoto Aq ume@FreeBSD.org ,
|
|
.An Henry Whincup Aq henry@techiebod.com ,
|
|
.An Jukka A. Ukkonen Aq jau@iki.fi ,
|
|
.An Jean-Fran\(,cois Dockes Aq jf@dockes.org
|
|
and others.
|
|
It replaces the older
|
|
.Nm ftpio
|
|
library written by
|
|
.An Poul-Henning Kamp Aq phk@FreeBSD.org
|
|
and
|
|
.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This manual page was written by
|
|
.An Dag-Erling Sm\(/orgrav Aq des@FreeBSD.org .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Some parts of the library are not yet implemented.
|
|
The most notable
|
|
examples of this are
|
|
.Fn fetchPutHTTP ,
|
|
.Fn fetchListHTTP ,
|
|
.Fn fetchListFTP
|
|
and FTP proxy support.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There is no way to select a proxy at run-time other than setting the
|
|
.Ev HTTP_PROXY
|
|
or
|
|
.Ev FTP_PROXY
|
|
environment variables as appropriate.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm libfetch
|
|
does not understand or obey 305 (Use Proxy) replies.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Error numbers are unique only within a certain context; the error
|
|
codes used for FTP and HTTP overlap, as do those used for resolver and
|
|
system errors.
|
|
For instance, error code 202 means "Command not
|
|
implemented, superfluous at this site" in an FTP context and
|
|
"Accepted" in an HTTP context.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Fn fetchStatFTP
|
|
does not check that the result of an MDTM command is a valid date.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The man page is incomplete, poorly written and produces badly
|
|
formatted text.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The error reporting mechanism is unsatisfactory.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some parts of the code are not fully reentrant.
|