195 lines
5.2 KiB
Groff
195 lines
5.2 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)netgroup.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 11, 1993
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.Dt NETGROUP 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm netgroup
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.Nd defines network groups
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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file
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specifies ``netgroups'', which are sets of
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.Sy (host, user, domain)
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tuples that are to be given similar network access.
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.Pp
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Each line in the file
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consists of a netgroup name followed by a list of the members of the
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netgroup.
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Each member can be either the name of another netgroup or a specification
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of a tuple as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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(host, user, domain)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where the
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.Sy host ,
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.Sy user ,
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and
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.Sy domain
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are character string names for the corresponding component.
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Any of the comma separated fields may be empty to specify a ``wildcard'' value
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or may consist of the string ``-'' to specify ``no valid value''.
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The members of the list may be separated by whitespace and/or commas;
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the ``\e'' character may be used at the end of a line to specify
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line continuation.
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Lines are limited to 1024 characters.
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The functions specified in
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.Xr getnetgrent 3
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should normally be used to access the
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.Nm
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database.
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.Pp
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Lines that begin with a # are treated as comments.
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.Sh NIS/YP INTERACTION
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On most other platforms,
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.Nm Ns s
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are only used in conjunction with
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.Tn NIS
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and local
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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files are ignored.
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With
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.Fx ,
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.Nm Ns s
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can be used with either
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.Tn NIS
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or local files, but there are certain
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caveats to consider.
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The existing
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.Nm
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system is extremely inefficient where
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups are concerned since
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.Nm
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memberships are computed on the fly.
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By contrast, the
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.Tn NIS
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.Nm
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database consists of three separate maps (netgroup, netgroup.byuser
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and netgroup.byhost) that are keyed to allow
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups to be done quickly.
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The
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.Fx
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.Nm
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system can interact with the
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.Tn NIS
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.Nm
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maps in the following ways:
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent
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.It
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If the
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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file does not exist, or it exists and is empty, or
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it exists and contains only a
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.Sq + ,
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and
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.Tn NIS
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is running,
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.Nm
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lookups will be done exclusively through
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.Tn NIS ,
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with
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.Fn innetgr 3
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taking advantage of the netgroup.byuser and
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netgroup.byhost maps to speed up searches.
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(This
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is more or less compatible with the behavior of SunOS and
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similar platforms.)
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.It
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If the
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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exists and contains only local
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.Nm
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information (with no
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.Tn NIS
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.Sq +
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token), then only the local
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.Nm
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information will be processed (and
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.Tn NIS
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will be ignored).
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.It
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If
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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exists and contains both local netgroup data
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.Pa and
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the
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.Tn NIS
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.Sq +
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token, the local data and the
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.Tn NIS
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netgroup
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map will be processed as a single combined
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.Nm
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database.
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While this configuration is the most flexible, it
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is also the least efficient: in particular,
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups will be especially slow if the
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database is large.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/netgroup -compact
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.It Pa /etc/netgroup
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the netgroup database
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr getnetgrent 3 ,
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.Xr exports 5
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The file format is compatible with that of various vendors, however it
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appears that not all vendors use an identical format.
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.Sh BUGS
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The interpretation of access restrictions based on the member tuples of a
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netgroup is left up to the various network applications.
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Also, it is not obvious how the domain specification
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applies to the
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.Bx
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environment.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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database should be stored in the form of a
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hashed
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.Xr db 3
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database just like the
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.Xr passwd 5
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database to speed up reverse lookups.
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