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freebsd-dev/share/man/man3/intro.3

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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
multiple: Remove 3rd clause from BSD license where approved by the regents and renumber. This patch skips files in contrib/ and crypto/ Acked by: imp Discussed with: emaste
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
$Id$ -> $FreeBSD$
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.Dd March 22, 2017
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.Dt INTRO 3
mdoc(7) police: removed HISTORY info from the .Os call.
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
.Nm intro
.Nd introduction to the C libraries
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This section provides an overview of the C
library functions, their error returns and other
common definitions and concepts.
Most of these functions are available from the C library,
Bring intro(3) a bit closer to reality: 1) comment out xref to non-existant libc(3) 2) comment out reference to Fortran specific section (3f) 3) add libkvm with reference to kvm(3) 4) comment out xref to non-existant pc(1) 5) comment out libplot and libplotf77 6) fix problem with -ltermcap not being parenthesized 7) sort files listing still missing most of the libraries that exist in /usr/lib. Closes PR#1151
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.Em libc .
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Other libraries, such as the math library,
.Em libm ,
must be indicated at compile time with the
.Fl l
option of the compiler.
.Pp
The various libraries (followed by the loader flag):
.Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)"
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c
Bring intro(3) a bit closer to reality: 1) comment out xref to non-existant libc(3) 2) comment out reference to Fortran specific section (3f) 3) add libkvm with reference to kvm(3) 4) comment out xref to non-existant pc(1) 5) comment out libplot and libplotf77 6) fix problem with -ltermcap not being parenthesized 7) sort files listing still missing most of the libraries that exist in /usr/lib. Closes PR#1151
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Standard C library functions.
When using the C compiler
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.Xr cc 1 ,
it is not necessary
to supply the loader flag
.Fl l Ns Ar c
for these functions.
There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.Em libc
: the standard
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.Tn I/O
routines,
database routines,
bit operators,
string operators,
character tests and character operators,
des encryption routines,
storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more.
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap
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Terminal independent screen management routines
for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.
(See
s/curses/ncurses/ PR: docs/17061 Submitted by: Udo Erdelhoff <ue@nathan.ruhr.de>
2000-03-01 10:46:05 +00:00
.Xr ncurses 3 . )
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat
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Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with
.Bx 4.3 .
In particular,
a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of
.Bx
have been included for source code compatibility.
Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided.
The manual page entry for each compatibility routine
Removed whitespace at end-of-line; no content changes. I simply did cd src/share; find man[1-9] -type f|xargs perl -pi -e 's/[ \t]+$//' BTW, what editors are the culprits? I'm using vim and it shows me whitespace at EOL in troff files with a thick blue block... Reviewed by: Silence from cvs diff -b MFC after: 7 days
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indicates the proper interface to use.
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm
Mechanically kill hard sentence breaks and double whitespaces.
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Functions used to access kernel memory are in this library.
They can be used
Bring intro(3) a bit closer to reality: 1) comment out xref to non-existant libc(3) 2) comment out reference to Fortran specific section (3f) 3) add libkvm with reference to kvm(3) 4) comment out xref to non-existant pc(1) 5) comment out libplot and libplotf77 6) fix problem with -ltermcap not being parenthesized 7) sort files listing still missing most of the libraries that exist in /usr/lib. Closes PR#1151
1997-02-17 08:30:16 +00:00
against both a running system and a crash dump.
mdoc(7) police: Avoid using parenthesis enclosure macros (.Pq and .Po/.Pc) with plain text. Not only this slows down the mdoc(7) processing significantly, but it also has an undesired (in this case) effect of disabling hyphenation within the entire enclosed block.
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(See
.Xr kvm 3 . )
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l
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The library for
.Xr lex 1 .
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m
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The math library,
.Em libm .
Bring intro(3) a bit closer to reality: 1) comment out xref to non-existant libc(3) 2) comment out reference to Fortran specific section (3f) 3) add libkvm with reference to kvm(3) 4) comment out xref to non-existant pc(1) 5) comment out libplot and libplotf77 6) fix problem with -ltermcap not being parenthesized 7) sort files listing still missing most of the libraries that exist in /usr/lib. Closes PR#1151
1997-02-17 08:30:16 +00:00
The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler,
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but not by the C compiler which requires the
.Fl l Ns Ar m
flag.
(See
.Xr math 3 . )
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp
.It Em libtermcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap
Remove more single-space hard sentence breaks.
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The terminal independent operation library package.
(See
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.Xr termcap 3 . )
intro(3): fix markup - Use `Em` with `.It` macro when referring to other libraries, instead of `Xr`. - Use `.Em` instead of `.Xr` when referring to libraries. - Remove commented out lines. MFC after: 1 month Reported by: make manlint Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
2017-03-23 05:26:44 +00:00
.It Em liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y
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The library for
.Xr yacc 1 .
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact
.It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a
the C library
.It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a
the C library compiled for profiling
Bring intro(3) a bit closer to reality: 1) comment out xref to non-existant libc(3) 2) comment out reference to Fortran specific section (3f) 3) add libkvm with reference to kvm(3) 4) comment out xref to non-existant pc(1) 5) comment out libplot and libplotf77 6) fix problem with -ltermcap not being parenthesized 7) sort files listing still missing most of the libraries that exist in /usr/lib. Closes PR#1151
1997-02-17 08:30:16 +00:00
.It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a
the math library
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a
the math library compiled for profiling
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cc 1 ,
.Xr ld 1 ,
Sort cross references.
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.Xr nm 1 ,
.Xr intro 2 ,
.Xr math 3 ,
.Xr stdio 3
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.Sh HISTORY
An
mdoc(7) police: use the new features of the Nm macro.
2000-11-20 18:41:33 +00:00
.Nm
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manual appeared in
.At v7 .
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