As with gzip, let the dump device be smaller than physical memory
when using zstd and full dumps.
Also print the error message if the size check fails, even if -v
is not specified. Failing silently is not friendly.
Reviewed by: cem markj
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23923
Add Chacha20 mode to Encrypted Kernel Crash Dumps.
Chacha20 does not require messages to be multiples of block size, so it is
valid to use the cipher on non-block-sized messages without the explicit
padding AES-CBC would require. Therefore, allow use with simultaneous dump
compression. (Continue to disallow use of AES-CBC EKCD with compression.)
dumpon(8) gains a -C cipher flag to select between chacha and aes-cbc.
It defaults to chacha if no -C option is provided. The man page documents this
behavior.
Relnotes: sure
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Allow users to specify multiple dump configurations in a prioritized list.
This enables fallback to secondary device(s) if primary dump fails. E.g.,
one might configure a preference for netdump, but fallback to disk dump as a
second choice if netdump is unavailable.
This change does not list-ify netdump configuration, which is tracked
separately from ordinary disk dumps internally; only one netdump
configuration can be made at a time, for now. It also does not implement
IPv6 netdump.
savecore(8) is already capable of scanning and iterating multiple devices
from /etc/fstab or passed on the command line.
This change doesn't update the rc or loader variables 'dumpdev' in any way;
it can still be set to configure a single dump device, and rc.d/savecore
still uses it as a single device. Only dumpon(8) is updated to be able to
configure the more complicated configurations for now.
As part of revving the ABI, unify netdump and disk dump configuration ioctl
/ structure, and leave room for ipv6 netdump as a future possibility.
Backwards-compatibility ioctls are added to smooth ABI transition,
especially for developers who may not keep kernel and userspace perfectly
synced.
Reviewed by: markj, scottl (earlier version)
Relnotes: maybe
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19996
Rather than using a special value to denote "use the default router",
treat the absence of the -g option to mean the same thing. The
in-kernel netdump client will always attempt to reach the server
directly before falling back to the configured gateway anyway. This
change makes it cleaner to support a hostname value for -g.
Reviewed by: cem
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18025
The premise of dumpon -k foo.pem is that dump contents will be confidential
except to anyone holding the corresponding RSA private key.
This guarantee breaks down when weak RSA keys are used. Small RSA keys
(e.g. 512 bits) can be broken on a single personal computer in tractible
time. Marginal RSA keys (768 bits) can be broken by EC2 and a few dollars.
Even 1024 bit keys can probably be broken by sophisticated and wealthy
attackers.
NIST SP800-57 (2016) recommends a minimum of 2048 bit RSA keys, and
estimates this provides 112 bits of security.
It would also be good to protect users from weak values of 'e' (i.e., 3) and
perhaps sanity check that their public key .pem does not accidentally
contain their private key as well. These considerations are left as future
work.
Reviewed by: markj, darius AT dons.net.au (previous version)
Discussed with: bjk
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17678
A new usage is added so that parameters for netdump may be specified.
Specifically, one configures an interface for netdump with:
# dumpon -c <client IP> -s <server IP> [-g <gateway IP>] <iface name>
Reviewed by: bdrewery, cem (earlier versions), sbruno
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15254
This works similarly to the existing gzip compression support, but
zstd is typically faster and gives better compression ratios.
Support for this functionality must be configured by adding ZSTDIO to
one's kernel configuration file. dumpon(8)'s new -Z option is used to
configure zstd compression for kernel dumps. savecore(8) now recognizes
and saves zstd-compressed kernel dumps with a .zst extension.
Submitted by: cem (original version)
Relnotes: yes
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13101,
https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13633
Mainly focus on files that use BSD 3-Clause license.
The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) group provides a specification
to make it easier for automated tools to detect and summarize well known
opensource licenses. We are gradually adopting the specification, noting
that the tags are considered only advisory and do not, in any way,
superceed or replace the license texts.
Special thanks to Wind River for providing access to "The Duke of
Highlander" tool: an older (2014) run over FreeBSD tree was useful as a
starting point.
When using a kernel built with the GZIO config option, dumpon -z can be
used to configure gzip compression using the in-kernel copy of zlib.
This is useful on systems with large amounts of RAM, which require a
correspondingly large dump device. Recovery of compressed dumps is also
faster since fewer bytes need to be copied from the dump device.
Because we have no way of knowing the final size of a compressed dump
until it is written, the kernel will always attempt to dump when
compression is configured, regardless of the dump device size. If the
dump is aborted because we run out of space, an error is reported on
the console.
savecore(8) is modified to handle compressed dumps and save them to
vmcore.<index>.gz, as it does when given the -z option.
A new rc.conf variable, dumpon_flags, is added. Its value is added to
the boot-time dumpon(8) invocation that occurs when a dump device is
configured in rc.conf.
Reviewed by: cem (earlier version)
Discussed with: def, rgrimes
Relnotes: yes
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D11723
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted
them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same
numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point.
Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu>
Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
Changes include modifications in kernel crash dump routines, dumpon(8) and
savecore(8). A new tool called decryptcore(8) was added.
A new DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was added to send a kernel crash dump
configuration in the diocskerneldump_arg structure to the kernel.
The old DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was renamed to DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11 for
backward ABI compatibility.
dumpon(8) generates an one-time random symmetric key and encrypts it using
an RSA public key in capability mode. Currently only AES-256-CBC is supported
but EKCD was designed to implement support for other algorithms in the future.
The public key is chosen using the -k flag. The dumpon rc(8) script can do this
automatically during startup using the dumppubkey rc.conf(5) variable. Once the
keys are calculated dumpon sends them to the kernel via DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O
control.
When the kernel receives the DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control it generates a random
IV and sets up the key schedule for the specified algorithm. Each time the
kernel tries to write a crash dump to the dump device, the IV is replaced by
a SHA-256 hash of the previous value. This is intended to make a possible
differential cryptanalysis harder since it is possible to write multiple crash
dumps without reboot by repeating the following commands:
# sysctl debug.kdb.enter=1
db> call doadump(0)
db> continue
# savecore
A kernel dump key consists of an algorithm identifier, an IV and an encrypted
symmetric key. The kernel dump key size is included in a kernel dump header.
The size is an unsigned 32-bit integer and it is aligned to a block size.
The header structure has 512 bytes to match the block size so it was required to
make a panic string 4 bytes shorter to add a new field to the header structure.
If the kernel dump key size in the header is nonzero it is assumed that the
kernel dump key is placed after the first header on the dump device and the core
dump is encrypted.
Separate functions were implemented to write the kernel dump header and the
kernel dump key as they need to be unencrypted. The dump_write function encrypts
data if the kernel was compiled with the EKCD option. Encrypted kernel textdumps
are not supported due to the way they are constructed which makes it impossible
to use the CBC mode for encryption. It should be also noted that textdumps don't
contain sensitive data by design as a user decides what information should be
dumped.
savecore(8) writes the kernel dump key to a key.# file if its size in the header
is nonzero. # is the number of the current core dump.
decryptcore(8) decrypts the core dump using a private RSA key and the kernel
dump key. This is performed by a child process in capability mode.
If the decryption was not successful the parent process removes a partially
decrypted core dump.
Description on how to encrypt crash dumps was added to the decryptcore(8),
dumpon(8), rc.conf(5) and savecore(8) manual pages.
EKCD was tested on amd64 using bhyve and i386, mipsel and sparc64 using QEMU.
The feature still has to be tested on arm and arm64 as it wasn't possible to run
FreeBSD due to the problems with QEMU emulation and lack of hardware.
Designed by: def, pjd
Reviewed by: cem, oshogbo, pjd
Partial review: delphij, emaste, jhb, kib
Approved by: pjd (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4712
The dumpdev kenv supports devices without the /dev/ prefix, fix dumpon to
also support this which is required after r288153.
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: Multiplay
Caveats:
The new savecore program is not complete in the sense that it emulates
enough of the old savecores features to do the job, but implements none
of the options yet.
I would appreciate if a userland hacker could help me out getting savecore
to do what we want it to do from a users point of view, compression,
email-notification, space reservation etc etc. (send me email if
you are interested).
Currently, savecore will scan all devices marked as "swap" or "dump" in
/etc/fstab _or_ any devices specified on the command-line.
All architectures but i386 lack an implementation of dumpsys(), but
looking at the i386 version it should be trivial for anybody familiar
with the platform(s) to provide this function.
Documentation is quite sparse at this time, more to come.
Sponsored by: DARPA, NAI Labs
Details:
Dumpon now opens the device and uses ioctl(DIOCGKERNELDUMP) to set it
to be the dumpdevice. When "off" is set, /dev/null is used.
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!)
avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long.
Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been
insane otherwise.
