Currently, Application Processors (non-boot CPUs) are started by
MD code at SI_SUB_CPU, but they are kept waiting in a "pen" until
SI_SUB_SMP at which point they are released to run kernel threads.
SI_SUB_SMP is one of the last SYSINIT levels, so APs don't enter
the scheduler and start running threads until fairly late in the
boot.
This change moves SI_SUB_SMP up to just before software interrupt
threads are created allowing the APs to start executing kernel
threads much sooner (before any devices are probed). This allows
several initialization routines that need to perform initialization
on all CPUs to now perform that initialization in one step rather
than having to defer the AP initialization to a second SYSINIT run
at SI_SUB_SMP. It also permits all CPUs to be available for
handling interrupts before any devices are probed.
This last feature fixes a problem on with interrupt vector exhaustion.
Specifically, in the old model all device interrupts were routed
onto the boot CPU during boot. Later after the APs were released at
SI_SUB_SMP, interrupts were redistributed across all CPUs.
However, several drivers for multiqueue hardware allocate N interrupts
per CPU in the system. In a system with many CPUs, just a few drivers
doing this could exhaust the available pool of interrupt vectors on
the boot CPU as each driver was allocating N * mp_ncpu vectors on the
boot CPU. Now, drivers will allocate interrupts on their desired CPUs
during boot meaning that only N interrupts are allocated from the boot
CPU instead of N * mp_ncpu.
Some other bits of code can also be simplified as smp_started is
now true much earlier and will now always be true for these bits of
code. This removes the need to treat the single-CPU boot environment
as a special case.
As a transition aid, the new behavior is available under a new kernel
option (EARLY_AP_STARTUP). This will allow the option to be turned off
if need be during initial testing. I plan to enable this on x86 by
default in a followup commit in the next few days and to have all
platforms moved over before 11.0. Once the transition is complete,
the option will be removed along with the !EARLY_AP_STARTUP code.
These changes have only been tested on x86. Other platform maintainers
are encouraged to port their architectures over as well. The main
things to check for are any uses of smp_started in MD code that can be
simplified and SI_SUB_SMP SYSINITs in MD code that can be removed in
the EARLY_AP_STARTUP case (e.g. the interrupt shuffling).
PR: kern/199321
Reviewed by: markj, gnn, kib
Sponsored by: Netflix
In struct:gctl_req, nargs is unsigned.
In mirror:
g_mirror_syncreqs is unsigned.
In raid:
in struct:g_raid_volume, v_disks_count is unsigned.
In virstor:
in struct:g_virstor_softc, n_components is unsigned.
MFC after: 2 weeks
This value is u32 on disk, but assigned to an int in memory. After we do the
implicit conversion via assignment, check that the result is at least one[1]
(non-negative[2]).
1. The subsequent for-loop iterates from gpt_entries minus one, down, until
reaching zero. A negative or zero initial index results in undefined signed
integer overflow.
2. It is also used to index into arrays later.
In practice, we expected non-malicious disks to contain small positive values.
Reported by: Coverity
CID: 1223202
Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
rounddown2 tends to produce longer lines than the original code
and when the code has a high indentation level it was not really
advantageous to do the replacement.
This tries to strike a balance between readability using the macros
and flexibility of having the expressions, so not everything is
converted.
sys/geom/geom_disk.c:
disk_attr_changed(): Generate a devctl event of type GEOM:<attr> for
every call.
MFC after: 4 weeks
Sponsored by: Spectra Logic Corp
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5952
This flag indicates that the user wishes to use the GELIBOOT feature to boot from a fully encrypted root file system.
Currently, GELIBOOT does not support key files, and in the future when it does, they will be loaded differently.
Due to the design of GELI, and the desire for secrecy, the GELI metadata does not know if key files are used or not, it just adds the key material (if any) to the HMAC before the optional passphrase, so there is no way to tell if a GELI partition requires key files or not.
Since the GELIBOOT code in boot2 and the loader does not support keys, they will now only attempt to attach if this flag is set. This will stop GELIBOOT from prompting for passwords to GELIs that it cannot decrypt, disrupting the boot process
PR: 208251
Reviewed by: ed, oshogbo, wblock
Sponsored by: ScaleEngine Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5867
For the !gsp case there some chance of returning an uninitialized
return value. Prevent that from happening by initializing the
error value.
CID: 1006421
and geom_uncompress(4):
1. mkuzip(8):
- Proper support for eliminating all-zero blocks when compressing an
image. This feature is already supported by the geom_uzip(4) module
and CLOOP format in general, so it's just a matter of making mkuzip(8)
match. It should be noted, however that this feature while it sounds
great, results in very slight improvement in the overall compression
ratio, since compressing default 16k all-zero block produces only 39
bytes compressed output block, which is 99.8% compression ratio. With
typical average compression ratio of amd64 binaries and data being
around 60-70% the difference between 99.8% and 100.0% is not that
great further diluted by the ratio of number of zero blocks in the
uncompressed image to the overall number of blocks being less than
0.5 (typically). However, this may be important from performance
standpoint, so that kernel are not spinning its wheels decompressing
those empty blocks every time this zero region is read. It could also
be important when you create huge image mostly filled with zero
blocks for testing purposes.
- New feature allowing to de-duplicate output image. It turns out that
if you twist CLOOP format a bit you can do that as well. And unlike
zero-blocks elimination, this gives a noticeable improvement in the
overall compression ratio, reducing output image by something like
3-4% on my test UFS2 3GB image consisting of full FreeBSD base system
plus some of the packages (openjdk, apache etc), about 2.3GB worth of
file data (800+MB compressed). The only caveat is that images created
with this feature "on" would not work on older versions of FeeBSDxi
kernel, hence it's turned off by default.
- provide options to control both features and document them in manual
page.
- merge in all relevant LZMA compression support from the mkulzma(8),
add new option to select between both.
- switch license from ad-hoc beerware into standard 2-clause BSD.
2. geom_uzip(4):
- implement support for de-duplicated images;
- optimize some code paths to handle "all-zero" blocks without reading
any compressed data;
- beef up manual page to explain that geom_uzip(4) is not limited only
to md(4) images. The compressed data can be written to the block
device and accessed directly via magic of GEOM(4) and devfs(4),
including to mount root fs from a compressed drive.
- convert debug log code from being compiled in conditionally into
being present all the time and provide two sysctls to turn it on or
off. Due to intended use of the module, it can be used in
environments where there may not be a luxury to put new kernel with
debug code enabled. Having those options handy allows debug issues
without as much problem by just having access to serial console or
network shell access to a box/appliance. The resulting additional
CPU cycles are just few int comparisons and branches, and those are
minuscule when compared to data decompression which is the main
feature of the module.
- hopefully improve robustness and resiliency of the geom_uzip(4) by
performing some of the data validation / range checking on the TOC
entries and rejecting to attach to an image if those checks fail.
- merge in all relevant LZMA decompression support from the
geom_uncompress(4), enable automatically when appropriate format is
indicated in the header.
- move compilation work into its own worker thread so that it does not
clog g_up. This allows multiple instances work in parallel utilizing
smp cores.
- document new knobs in the manual page.
Reviewed by: adrian
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5333
for all struct bio you get back from g_{new,alloc}_bio. Temporary
bios that you create on the stack or elsewhere should use this before
first use of the bio, and between uses of the bio. At the moment, it
is nothing more than a wrapper around bzero, but that may change in
the future. The wrapper also removes one place where we encode the
size of struct bio in the KBI.
The upcoming GELI support in the loader reuses parts of this code
Some ifdefs are added, and some code is moved outside of existing ifdefs
The HMAC parts of GELI are broken out into their own file, to separate
them from the kernel crypto/openssl dependant parts that are replaced
in the boot code.
Passed the GELI regression suite (tools/regression/geom/eli)
Files=20 Tests=14996
Result: PASS
Reviewed by: pjd, delphij
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: ScaleEngine Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4699
cperciva's libmd implementation is 5-30% faster
The same was done for SHA256 previously in r263218
cperciva's implementation was lacking SHA-384 which I implemented, validated against OpenSSL and the NIST documentation
Extend sbin/md5 to create sha384(1)
Chase dependancies on sys/crypto/sha2/sha2.{c,h} and replace them with sha512{c.c,.h}
Reviewed by: cperciva, des, delphij
Approved by: secteam, bapt (mentor)
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: ScaleEngine Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3929
If geom_map fails to find the end of a mapped partition based on a search, it would return the incorrect error message, stating it could not parse the START value
Reviewed by: adrian
Approved by: bapt (mentor)
Sponsored by: ScaleEngine Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4187
When a multipath member is orphaned its access members are zeroed before its
removed if marked for wither, so prevent any future calls to g_access on
such members.
This prevents a panic on debug kernels which validates the resultant values
aren't negative.
Reviewed by: mav
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Multiplay
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4416
When we are detecting a partition table and didn't find PMBR, try to
read backup GPT header from the last sector and if it is correct,
assume that we have GPT.
Reviewed by: rpokala
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4282
Add a new bp argument to g_disk_maxsegs(), and add a new function,
g_disk_maxsize() tha will properly determine the maximum I/O size for a
delete or non-delete bio.
Submitted by: will
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: Spectra Logic
camdd(8) utility.
CCBs may be queued to the driver via the new CAMIOQUEUE ioctl, and
completed CCBs may be retrieved via the CAMIOGET ioctl. User
processes can use poll(2) or kevent(2) to get notification when
I/O has completed.
While the existing CAMIOCOMMAND blocking ioctl interface only
supports user virtual data pointers in a CCB (generally only
one per CCB), the new CAMIOQUEUE ioctl supports user virtual and
physical address pointers, as well as user virtual and physical
scatter/gather lists. This allows user applications to have more
flexibility in their data handling operations.
Kernel memory for data transferred via the queued interface is
allocated from the zone allocator in MAXPHYS sized chunks, and user
data is copied in and out. This is likely faster than the
vmapbuf()/vunmapbuf() method used by the CAMIOCOMMAND ioctl in
configurations with many processors (there are more TLB shootdowns
caused by the mapping/unmapping operation) but may not be as fast
as running with unmapped I/O.
The new memory handling model for user requests also allows
applications to send CCBs with request sizes that are larger than
MAXPHYS. The pass(4) driver now limits queued requests to the I/O
size listed by the SIM driver in the maxio field in the Path
Inquiry (XPT_PATH_INQ) CCB.
There are some things things would be good to add:
1. Come up with a way to do unmapped I/O on multiple buffers.
Currently the unmapped I/O interface operates on a struct bio,
which includes only one address and length. It would be nice
to be able to send an unmapped scatter/gather list down to
busdma. This would allow eliminating the copy we currently do
for data.
2. Add an ioctl to list currently outstanding CCBs in the various
queues.
3. Add an ioctl to cancel a request, or use the XPT_ABORT CCB to do
that.
4. Test physical address support. Virtual pointers and scatter
gather lists have been tested, but I have not yet tested
physical addresses or scatter/gather lists.
5. Investigate multiple queue support. At the moment there is one
queue of commands per pass(4) device. If multiple processes
open the device, they will submit I/O into the same queue and
get events for the same completions. This is probably the right
model for most applications, but it is something that could be
changed later on.
Also, add a new utility, camdd(8) that uses the asynchronous pass(4)
driver interface.
This utility is intended to be a basic data transfer/copy utility,
a simple benchmark utility, and an example of how to use the
asynchronous pass(4) interface.
It can copy data to and from pass(4) devices using any target queue
depth, starting offset and blocksize for the input and ouptut devices.
It currently only supports SCSI devices, but could be easily extended
to support ATA devices.
It can also copy data to and from regular files, block devices, tape
devices, pipes, stdin, and stdout. It does not support queueing
multiple commands to any of those targets, since it uses the standard
read(2)/write(2)/writev(2)/readv(2) system calls.
The I/O is done by two threads, one for the reader and one for the
writer. The reader thread sends completed read requests to the
writer thread in strictly sequential order, even if they complete
out of order. That could be modified later on for random I/O patterns
or slightly out of order I/O.
camdd(8) uses kqueue(2)/kevent(2) to get I/O completion events from
the pass(4) driver and also to send request notifications internally.
For pass(4) devcies, camdd(8) uses a single buffer (CAM_DATA_VADDR)
per CAM CCB on the reading side, and a scatter/gather list
(CAM_DATA_SG) on the writing side. In addition to testing both
interfaces, this makes any potential reblocking of I/O easier. No
data is copied between the reader and the writer, but rather the
reader's buffers are split into multiple I/O requests or combined
into a single I/O request depending on the input and output blocksize.
For the file I/O path, camdd(8) also uses a single buffer (read(2),
write(2), pread(2) or pwrite(2)) on reads, and a scatter/gather list
(readv(2), writev(2), preadv(2), pwritev(2)) on writes.
Things that would be nice to do for camdd(8) eventually:
1. Add support for I/O pattern generation. Patterns like all
zeros, all ones, LBA-based patterns, random patterns, etc. Right
Now you can always use /dev/zero, /dev/random, etc.
2. Add support for a "sink" mode, so we do only reads with no
writes. Right now, you can use /dev/null.
3. Add support for automatic queue depth probing, so that we can
figure out the right queue depth on the input and output side
for maximum throughput. At the moment it defaults to 6.
4. Add support for SATA device passthrough I/O.
5. Add support for random LBAs and/or lengths on the input and
output sides.
6. Track average per-I/O latency and busy time. The busy time
and latency could also feed in to the automatic queue depth
determination.
sys/cam/scsi/scsi_pass.h:
Define two new ioctls, CAMIOQUEUE and CAMIOGET, that queue
and fetch asynchronous CAM CCBs respectively.
Although these ioctls do not have a declared argument, they
both take a union ccb pointer. If we declare a size here,
the ioctl code in sys/kern/sys_generic.c will malloc and free
a buffer for either the CCB or the CCB pointer (depending on
how it is declared). Since we have to keep a copy of the
CCB (which is fairly large) anyway, having the ioctl malloc
and free a CCB for each call is wasteful.
sys/cam/scsi/scsi_pass.c:
Add asynchronous CCB support.
Add two new ioctls, CAMIOQUEUE and CAMIOGET.
CAMIOQUEUE adds a CCB to the incoming queue. The CCB is
executed immediately (and moved to the active queue) if it
is an immediate CCB, but otherwise it will be executed
in passstart() when a CCB is available from the transport layer.
When CCBs are completed (because they are immediate or
passdone() if they are queued), they are put on the done
queue.
If we get the final close on the device before all pending
I/O is complete, all active I/O is moved to the abandoned
queue and we increment the peripheral reference count so
that the peripheral driver instance doesn't go away before
all pending I/O is done.
The new passcreatezone() function is called on the first
call to the CAMIOQUEUE ioctl on a given device to allocate
the UMA zones for I/O requests and S/G list buffers. This
may be good to move off to a taskqueue at some point.
The new passmemsetup() function allocates memory and
scatter/gather lists to hold the user's data, and copies
in any data that needs to be written. For virtual pointers
(CAM_DATA_VADDR), the kernel buffer is malloced from the
new pass(4) driver malloc bucket. For virtual
scatter/gather lists (CAM_DATA_SG), buffers are allocated
from a new per-pass(9) UMA zone in MAXPHYS-sized chunks.
Physical pointers are passed in unchanged. We have support
for up to 16 scatter/gather segments (for the user and
kernel S/G lists) in the default struct pass_io_req, so
requests with longer S/G lists require an extra kernel malloc.
The new passcopysglist() function copies a user scatter/gather
list to a kernel scatter/gather list. The number of elements
in each list may be different, but (obviously) the amount of data
stored has to be identical.
The new passmemdone() function copies data out for the
CAM_DATA_VADDR and CAM_DATA_SG cases.
The new passiocleanup() function restores data pointers in
user CCBs and frees memory.
Add new functions to support kqueue(2)/kevent(2):
passreadfilt() tells kevent whether or not the done
queue is empty.
passkqfilter() adds a knote to our list.
passreadfiltdetach() removes a knote from our list.
Add a new function, passpoll(), for poll(2)/select(2)
to use.
Add devstat(9) support for the queued CCB path.
sys/cam/ata/ata_da.c:
Add support for the BIO_VLIST bio type.
sys/cam/cam_ccb.h:
Add a new enumeration for the xflags field in the CCB header.
(This doesn't change the CCB header, just adds an enumeration to
use.)
sys/cam/cam_xpt.c:
Add a new function, xpt_setup_ccb_flags(), that allows specifying
CCB flags.
sys/cam/cam_xpt.h:
Add a prototype for xpt_setup_ccb_flags().
sys/cam/scsi/scsi_da.c:
Add support for BIO_VLIST.
sys/dev/md/md.c:
Add BIO_VLIST support to md(4).
sys/geom/geom_disk.c:
Add BIO_VLIST support to the GEOM disk class. Re-factor the I/O size
limiting code in g_disk_start() a bit.
sys/kern/subr_bus_dma.c:
Change _bus_dmamap_load_vlist() to take a starting offset and
length.
Add a new function, _bus_dmamap_load_pages(), that will load a list
of physical pages starting at an offset.
Update _bus_dmamap_load_bio() to allow loading BIO_VLIST bios.
Allow unmapped I/O to start at an offset.
sys/kern/subr_uio.c:
Add two new functions, physcopyin_vlist() and physcopyout_vlist().
sys/pc98/include/bus.h:
Guard kernel-only parts of the pc98 machine/bus.h header with
#ifdef _KERNEL.
This allows userland programs to include <machine/bus.h> to get the
definition of bus_addr_t and bus_size_t.
sys/sys/bio.h:
Add a new bio flag, BIO_VLIST.
sys/sys/uio.h:
Add prototypes for physcopyin_vlist() and physcopyout_vlist().
share/man/man4/pass.4:
Document the CAMIOQUEUE and CAMIOGET ioctls.
usr.sbin/Makefile:
Add camdd.
usr.sbin/camdd/Makefile:
Add a makefile for camdd(8).
usr.sbin/camdd/camdd.8:
Man page for camdd(8).
usr.sbin/camdd/camdd.c:
The new camdd(8) utility.
Sponsored by: Spectra Logic
MFC after: 1 week
Setting the dumpdev via env e.g. loader.conf provides the ability to
configure the kernel dump device during early boot. When using this
g_io_getattr was returning EPERM due to cp->acr == 0.
Fix this by calling g_access to ensure we're a read consumer prior
to calling g_dev_setdumpdev.
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Multiplay
* Ensure that error information isn't lost.
* Log the error code in all cases.
* Don't overwrite bio_completed set to 0 from the error condition.
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Multiplay
reads and writes.
PR: kern/198405
Submitted by: Matthew D. Fuller <fullermd at over-yonder dot net>
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3679
Skip a /dev/ prefix, if one is present, when checking for matching
device names for dump.
Suggested by: avg
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3725
it possible to "simulate" 4K media, to eg test alignment handling.
Reviewed by: mav@
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3664
broke in two ways. One, the pacing variable was accessed in multiple
threads in an unsafe way. Two, since large numbers of I/O could come
down from the buf layer at one time, large numbers of allocation
failures could happen all at once, resulting in a huge pace value that
would limit I/Os to 10 IOPS for minutes (or even hours) at a
time. While a real solution to these problems requires substantial
work (to go to a no-allocation after the first model, or to have some
way to wait for more memory with some kind of reserve for pager and
swapper requests), it is relatively easy to make this simplistic
pacing less pathological.
Move to using a volatile variable with loads and stores. While this is
a little racy, losing the race is safe: either you get memory and
proceed, or you don't and queue. Second, sleep for 1ms (or one tick, whichever
is larger) instead of 100ms. This removes the artificial 10 IOPS limit
while still easing up on new I/Os during memory shortages. Remove
tying the amount of time we do this to the number of failed requests
and do it only as long as we keep failing requests.
Finally, to avoid needless recursion when memory is tight (start ->
g_io_deliver() -> g_io_request() -> start -> ... until we use 1/2 the
stack), don't do direct dispatch while pacing. This should be a rare
event (not steady state) so the performance hit here is worth the
extra safety of not starving g_down() with directly dispatched I/O.
Differential Review: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3546
Summary:
The RouterBoard uses a predefined partition map which doesn't exist in the fdt.
This change allows overriding the fdt slicer with a custom slicer, and uses this
custom slicer to define the flash map on the RouterBoard RB800.
D3305 converts the mpc85xx platform into a base class, so that systems based on
the mpc85xx platform can add their own overrides. This change builds on D3305,
and creates a RouterBoard (RB800) platform to initialize the slicer override.
Reviewed By: nwhitehorn, imp
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3345
