lock level is 0. Thus far, the threads implementation doesn't use
mutexes or condition variables so the lock level should be 0.
Save the return value when trying to schedule a new thread and
use this to return an error from pthread_create().
Change the max sleep time for an idle KSE to 1 minute from 2 minutes.
Maintain a count of the number of KSEs within a KSEG.
With these changes scope system threads seem to work, but heavy
use of them crash the kernel (supposedly VM bugs).
to be instances where the kernel doesn't properly save and/or
restore it.
Use noupcall and nocompleted flags in the KSE mailbox. These
require kernel changes to work which will be committed sometime
later. Things still work without the changes.
Remove the general kse entry function and use two different
functions -- one for scope system threads and one for scope
process threads. The scope system function is not yet enabled
and we use the same function for all threads at the moment.
Keep a copy of the KSE stack for the case that a KSE runs
a scope system thread and uses the same stack as the thread
(no upcalls are generated, so a separate stack isn't needed).
This isn't enabled yet.
Use a separate field for the KSE waiting flag. It isn't
correct to use the mailbox flags field.
The following fixes were provided by David Xu:
o Initialize condition variable locks with thread versions
of the low-level locking functions instead of the kse versions.
o Enable threading before creating the first thread instead
of after.
o Don't enter critical regions when trying to malloc/free
or call functions that malloc/free.
o Take the scheduling lock when inheriting thread attributes.
o Check the attribute's stack pointer instead of the
attributes stack size for null when allocating a
thread's stack.
o Add a kseg reinit function so we don't have to destroy and
then recreate the same lock.
o Check the return value of kse_create() and return an
appropriate error if it fails.
o Don't forget to destroy a thread's locks when freeing it.
o Examine the correct flags word for checking to see if
a thread is in a synchronization queue.
Things should now work on an SMP kernel.
environment. This includes support for multiple KSEs and KSEGs.
The ability to create more than 1 KSE via pthread_setconcurrency()
is in the works as well as support for PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM threads.
Those should come shortly.
There are still some known issues which davidxu and I are working
on, but it'll make it easier for us by committing what we have.
This library now passes all of the ACE tests that libc_r passes
with the exception of one. It also seems to work OK with KDE
including konqueror, kwrite, etc. I haven't been able to get
mozilla to run due to lack of java plugin, so I'd be interested
to see how it works with that.
Reviewed by: davidxu
The new libpthread will provide POSIX threading support using KSE.
These files were previously repo-copied from src/lib/libc_r.
Reviewed by: deischen
Approved by: -arch
on behalf of a thread, we should check the POLLERR, POLLHUP, and
POLLNVAL flags as well to wake up the thread in these cases.
Suggested by: deischen
MFC after: 3 days
of an alternate signal stack for handling signals. Let the kernel
send signals on the stack of the current thread and teach the threads
signal handler how to deliver signals to the current thread if it
needs to. Also, always store a threads context as a jmp_buf. Eventually
this will change to be a ucontext_t or mcontext_t.
Other small nits. Use struct pthread * instead of pthread_t in internal
library routines. The threads code wants struct pthread *, and pthread_t
doesn't necessarily have to be the same.
Reviewed by: jasone
placed in any scheduling queue(s). The process of dispatching
signals to a thread can change its state which will attempt to add
or remove the thread from any scheduling queue to which it belongs.
This can break some assertions if the thread isn't in the queue(s)
implied by its state.
When adding dispatching a pending signal to a thread, be sure to
remove the signal from the threads set of pending signals.
PR: 27035
Tested by: brian
MFC in: 1 week
_foo - wrapped system call
foo - weak definition to _foo
and for cancellation points:
_foo - wrapped system call
__foo - enter cancellation point, call _foo(), leave
cancellation point
foo - weak definition to __foo
Change use of global _thread_run to call a function to get the
currently running thread.
Make all pthread_foo functions weak definitions to _pthread_foo,
where _pthread_foo is the implementation. This allows an application
to provide its own pthread functions.
Provide slightly different versions of pthread_mutex_lock and
pthread_mutex_init so that we can tell the difference between
a libc mutex and an application mutex. Threads holding mutexes
internal to libc should never be allowed to exit, call signal
handlers, or cancel.
Approved by: -arch
the kernel to (re)use the alternate signal stack. In this
case, we don't return normally from the signal handler,
so the kernel still thinks we are using the signal stack.
The fixes a nasty bug where the signal handler can start
fiddling with the stack of a thread while the handler is
actually running on the same stack.
MFC candidate
file descriptors needing to be polled (Doh!). Reported
by Dan Nelson <dnelson@emsphone.com>.
Don't install and start the scheduling timer until the
first thread is created. This prevents the overhead of
having a periodic scheduling signal in a single threaded
program. Reported by Dan Nelson <dnelson@emsphone.com>.
Allow builtin longjmps out of application installed
signal handlers without the need perform any post-handler
cleanup:
o Change signal handling to save the threads interrupted
context on the stack. The threads current context is
now always stored in the same place (in the pthread).
If and when a signal handler returns, the interrupted
context is copied back to the storage area in the pthread.
o Before calling invoking a signal handler for a thread,
back the thread out of any internal waiting queues
(mutex, CV, join, etc) to which it belongs.
Rework uthread_info.c a bit to make it easier to change
the format of a thread dump.
Use an alternal signal stack for the thread library's
signal handler. This allows us to fiddle with the main
threads stack without fear of it being in use.
Reviewed by: jasone
thread switches should be on par with that under scheduler
activations.
o Timing is achieved through the use of a fixed interval
timer (ITIMER_PROF) to count scheduling ticks instead
of retrieving the time-of-day upon every thread switch
and calculating elapsed real time.
o Polling for I/O readiness is performed once for each
scheduling tick instead of every thread switch.
o The non-signal saving/restoring versions of setjmp/longjmp
are used to save and restore thread contexts. This may
allow the removal of _THREAD_SAFE macros from setjmp()
and longjmp() - needs more investigation.
Change signal handling so that signals are handled in the
context of the thread that is receiving the signal. When
signals are dispatched to a thread, a special signal handling
frame is created on top of the target threads stack. The
frame contains the threads saved state information and a new
context in which the thread can run. The applications signal
handler is invoked through a wrapper routine that knows how
to restore the threads saved state and unwind to previous
frames.
Fix interruption of threads due to signals. Some states
were being improperly interrupted while other states were
not being interrupted. This should fix several PRs.
Signal handlers, which are invoked as a result of a process
signal (not by pthread_kill()), are now called with the
code (or siginfo_t if SA_SIGINFO was set in sa_flags) and
sigcontext_t as received from the process signal handler.
Modify the search for a thread to which a signal is delivered.
The search algorithm is now:
o First thread found in sigwait() with signal in wait mask.
o First thread found sigsuspend()'d on the signal.
o Current thread if signal is unmasked.
o First thread found with signal unmasked.
Collapse machine dependent support into macros defined in
pthread_private.h. These should probably eventually be moved
into separate MD files.
Change the range of settable priorities to be compliant with
POSIX (0-31). The threads library uses higher priorities
internally for real-time threads (not yet implemented) and
threads executing signal handlers. Real-time threads and
threads running signal handlers add 64 and 32, respectively,
to a threads base priority.
Some other small changes and cleanups.
PR: 17757 18559 21943
Reviewed by: jasone
thread waiting on an event (I/O, condvar, etc) will, when resumed using
pthread_resume_np, return with EINTR. For example, suspending and resuming
a thread blocked on read() will not requeue the thread for the read, but
will return -1 with errno = EINTR. If the suspended thread is in a critical
region, the thread is suspended as soon as it leaves the critical region.
Fix a bogon in pthread_kill() where a signal was being delivered twice
to threads waiting in sigwait().
Reported by (suspend/resume bug): jdp
Reviewed by: jasone
signal handler. Explicitly check for jumps to anywhere other than the
current stack, since such jumps are undefined according to POSIX.
While we're at it, convert thread cancellation to use continuations, since
it's cleaner than the original cancellation code.
Avoid delivering a signal to a thread twice. This was a pre-existing bug,
but was likely unexposed until these other changes were made.
Defer signals generated by pthread_kill() so that they can be delivered on
the appropriate stack. deischen claims that this is unnecessary, which is
likely true, but without this change, pthread_kill() can cause undefined
priority queue states and/or PANICs in [sig|_]longjmp(), so I'm leaving
this in for now. To compile this code out and exercise the bug, define
the _NO_UNDISPATCH cpp macro. Defining _PTHREADS_INVARIANTS as well will
cause earlier crashes.
PR: kern/14685
Collaboration with: deischen
o Cancellation flags were not getting properly set/cleared.
o Loops waiting for internal locks were not being exited
correctly by a cancelled thread.
o Minor spelling (cancelation -> cancellation) and formatting
corrections (missing tab).
Found by: tg
Reviewed by: jasone
o Don't call signal handlers with the signal handler access lock
held.
o Remove pending signals before calling signal handlers. If
pending signals were not removed prior to handling them,
invocation of the handler could cause the handler to be
called more than once for the same signal. Found by: JB
o When SIGCHLD arrives, wake up all threads in PS_WAIT_WAIT
(wait4).
PR: bin/15328
Reviewed by: jasone
eischen (Daniel Eischen) added wrappers to protect against cancled
threads orphaning internal resources.
the cancelability code is still a bit fuzzy but works for test
programs of my own, OpenBSD's and some examples from ORA's books.
add readdir_r to both libc and libc_r
add some 'const' attributes to function parameters
Reviewed by: eischen, jasone
-----------------------------
Most of the userland changes are in libc. For both the alpha
and the i386 setjmp has been changed to accomodate for the
new sigset_t. Internally, libc is mostly rewritten to use the
new syscalls. The exception is in compat-43/sigcompat.c
The POSIX thread library has also been rewritten to use the
new sigset_t. Except, that it currently only handles NSIG
signals instead of the maximum _SIG_MAXSIG. This should not
be a problem because current applications don't use any
signals higher than NSIG.
There are version bumps for the following libraries:
libdialog
libreadline
libc
libc_r
libedit
libftpio
libss
These libraries either a) have one of the modified structures
visible in the interface, or b) use sigset_t internally and
may cause breakage if new binaries are used against libraries
that don't have the sigset_t change. This not an immediate
issue, but will be as soon as applications start using the
new range to its fullest.
NOTE: libncurses already had an version bump and has not been
given one now.
NOTE: doscmd is a real casualty and has been disconnected for
the moment. Reconnection will eventually happen after
doscmd has been fixed. I'm aware that being the last one
to touch it, I'm automaticly promoted to being maintainer.
According to good taste this means that I will receive a
badge which either will be glued or mechanically stapled,
drilled or otherwise violently forced onto me :-)
NOTE: pcvt/vttest cannot be compiled with -traditional. The
change cause sys/types to be included along the way which
contains the const and volatile modifiers. I don't consider
this a solution, but more a workaround.
o The polling mechanism for I/O readiness was changed from
select() to poll(). In additon, a wrapped version of poll()
is now provided.
o The wrapped select routine now converts each fd_set to a
poll array so that the thread scheduler doesn't have to
perform a bitwise search for selected fds each time file
descriptors are polled for I/O readiness.
o The thread scheduler was modified to use a new queue (_workq)
for threads that need work. Threads waiting for I/O readiness
and spinblocks are added to the work queue in addition to the
waiting queue. This reduces the time spent forming/searching
the array of file descriptors being polled.
o The waiting queue (_waitingq) is now maintained in order of
thread wakeup time. This allows the thread scheduler to
find the nearest wakeup time by looking at the first thread
in the queue instead of searching the entire queue.
o Removed file descriptor locking for select/poll routines. An
application should not rely on the threads library for providing
this locking; if necessary, the application should use mutexes
to protect selecting/polling of file descriptors.
o Retrieve and use the kernel clock rate/resolution at startup
instead of hardcoding the clock resolution to 10 msec (tested
with kernel running at 1000 HZ).
o All queues have been changed to use queue.h macros. These
include the queues of all threads, dead threads, and threads
waiting for file descriptor locks.
o Added reinitialization of the GC mutex and condition variable
after a fork. Also prevented reallocation of the ready queue
after a fork.
o Prevented the wrapped close routine from closing the thread
kernel pipes.
o Initialized file descriptor table for stdio entries at thread
init.
o Provided additional flags to indicate to what queues threads
belong.
o Moved TAILQ initialization for statically allocated mutex and
condition variables to after the spinlock.
o Added dispatching of signals to pthread_kill. Removing the
dispatching of signals from thread activation broke sigsuspend
when pthread_kill was used to send a signal to a thread.
o Temporarily set the state of a thread to PS_SUSPENDED when it
is first created and placed in the list of threads so that it
will not be accidentally scheduled before becoming a member
of one of the scheduling queues.
o Change the signal handler to queue signals to the thread kernel
pipe if the scheduling queues are protected. When scheduling
queues are unprotected, signals are then dequeued and handled.
o Ensured that all installed signal handlers block the scheduling
signal and that the scheduling signal handler blocks all
other signals. This ensures that the signal handler is only
interruptible for and by non-scheduling signals. An atomic
lock is used to decide which instance of the signal handler
will handle pending signals.
o Removed _lock_thread_list and _unlock_thread_list as they are
no longer used to protect the thread list.
o Added missing RCS IDs to modified files.
o Added checks for appropriate queue membership and activity when
adding, removing, and searching the scheduling queues. These
checks add very little overhead and are enabled when compiled
with _PTHREADS_INVARIANTS defined. Suggested and implemented
by Tor Egge with some modification by me.
o Close a race condition in uthread_close. (Tor Egge)
o Protect the scheduling queues while modifying them in
pthread_cond_signal and _thread_fd_unlock. (Tor Egge)
o Ensure that when a thread gets a mutex, the mutex is on that
threads list of owned mutexes. (Tor Egge)
o Set the kernel-in-scheduler flag in _thread_kern_sched_state
and _thread_kern_sched_state_unlock to prevent a scheduling
signal from calling the scheduler again. (Tor Egge)
o Don't use TAILQ_FOREACH macro while searching the waiting
queue for threads in a sigwait state, because a change of
state destroys the TAILQ link. It is actually safe to do
so, though, because once a sigwaiting thread is found, the
loop ends and the function returns. (Tor Egge)
o When dispatching signals to threads, make the thread inherit
the signal deferral flag of the currently running thread.
(Tor Egge)
Submitted by: Daniel Eischen <eischen@vigrid.com> and
Tor Egge <Tor.Egge@fast.no>
o Runnable threads are now maintained in priority queues. The
implementation requires two things:
1.) The priority queues must be protected during insertion
and removal of threads. Since the kernel scheduler
must modify the priority queues, a spinlock for
protection cannot be used. The functions
_thread_kern_sched_defer() and _thread_kern_sched_undefer()
were added to {un}defer kernel scheduler activation.
2.) A thread (active) priority change can be performed only
when the thread is removed from the priority queue. The
implementation uses a threads active priority when
inserting it into the queue.
A by-product is that thread switches are much faster. A
separate queue is used for waiting and/or blocked threads,
and it is searched at most 2 times in the kernel scheduler
when there are active threads. It should be possible to
reduce this to once by combining polling of threads waiting
on I/O with the loop that looks for timed out threads and
the minimum timeout value.
o Functions to defer kernel scheduler activation were added. These
are _thread_kern_sched_defer() and _thread_kern_sched_undefer()
and may be called recursively. These routines do not block the
scheduling signal, but latch its occurrence. The signal handler
will not call the kernel scheduler when the running thread has
deferred scheduling, but it will be called when running thread
undefers scheduling.
o Added support for _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING. All the
POSIX routines required by this should now be implemented.
One note, SCHED_OTHER, SCHED_FIFO, and SCHED_RR are required
to be defined by including pthread.h. These defines are currently
in sched.h. I modified pthread.h to include sched.h but don't
know if this is the proper thing to do.
o Added support for priority protection and inheritence mutexes.
This allows definition of _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT and
_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT.
o Added additional error checks required by POSIX for mutexes and
condition variables.
o Provided a wrapper for sigpending which is marked as a hidden
syscall.
o Added a non-portable function as a debugging aid to allow an
application to monitor thread context switches. An application
can install a routine that gets called everytime a thread
(explicitly created by the application) gets context switched.
The routine gets passed the pthread IDs of the threads that are
being switched in and out.
Submitted by: Dan Eischen <eischen@vigrid.com>
Changes by me:
o Added a PS_SPINBLOCK state to deal with the priority inversion
problem most often (I think) seen by threads calling malloc/free/realloc.
o Dispatch signals to the running thread directly rather than at a
context switch to avoid the situation where the switch never occurs.
make pthread_yield() more reliable,
threads always (I hope) preempted at least every 0.1 sec, as intended.
PR: bin/7744
Submitted by: "Richard Seaman, Jr." <dick@tar.com>
the thread kernel into a garbage collector thread which is started when
the fisrt thread is created (other than the initial thread). This
removes the window of opportunity where a context switch will cause a
thread that has locked the malloc spinlock, to enter the thread kernel,
find there is a dead thread and try to free memory, therefore trying
to lock the malloc spinlock against itself.
The garbage collector thread acts just like any other thread, so
instead of having a spinlock to control accesses to the dead thread
list, it uses a mutex and a condition variable so that it can happily
wait to be signalled when a thread exists.
for the process, not a separate set for each thread). By default, the
process now only has signal handlers installed for SIGVTALRM, SIGINFO
and SIGCHLD. The thread kernel signal handler is installed for other
signals on demand. This means that SIG_IGN and SIG_DFL processing is now
left to the kernel, not the thread kernel.
Change the signal dispatch to no longer use a signal thread, and
call the signal handler using the stack of the thread that has the
signal pending.
Change the atomic lock method to use test-and-set asm code with
a yield if blocked. This introduces separate locks for each type
of object instead of blocking signals to prevent a context
switch. It was this blocking of signals that caused the performance
degradation the people have noted.
This is a *big* change!
