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The .Nm utility

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This commit is contained in:
Philippe Charnier 2002-07-06 19:34:18 +00:00
parent 3f162cb85d
commit e1205e80e5
63 changed files with 366 additions and 245 deletions
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42
sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8
View File

@ -36,12 +36,14 @@
.Nm
.Fl a Op Fl s
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Adjkerntz
maintains the proper relationship between the kernel clock, which
The
.Nm
utility maintains the proper relationship between the kernel clock, which
is always set to UTC, and the CMOS clock, which may be set to local
time.
.Nm Adjkerntz
also informs the kernel about machine timezone shifts to
The
.Nm
utility also informs the kernel about machine timezone shifts to
maintain proper timestamps for local time filesystems such as the MS-DOS
filesystem.
The main purpose of this thing is not general fixing of
@ -56,8 +58,9 @@ If the file
exists, it means that CMOS clock keeps local time (MS-DOS and MS-Windows
compatible mode).
If that file does not exist, it means that the CMOS clock keeps UTC time.
.Nm Adjkerntz
passes this state to the
The
.Nm
utility passes this state to the
.Pa machdep.wall_cmos_clock
kernel variable.
.Pp
@ -69,18 +72,21 @@ is invoked in two ways:
.Bl -tag -width 4n
.It Fl i
This form handles system startups and shutdowns.
.Nm Adjkerntz
is invoked with this option from
The
.Nm
utility is invoked with this option from
.Pa /etc/rc
on entry to multi-user mode, before any other daemons have been started.
.Nm Adjkerntz
puts itself into the background.
The
.Nm
utility puts itself into the background.
Then, for a local time CMOS clock,
.Nm
reads the local time from it
and sets the kernel clock to the corresponding UTC time.
.Nm Adjkerntz
also stores the local time zone offset into the
The
.Nm
utility also stores the local time zone offset into the
.Pa machdep.adjkerntz
kernel variable, for use by subsequent invocations of
.Em "'adjkerntz -a'"
@ -106,8 +112,9 @@ This form is used to update the local time CMOS clock and kernel
.Pa machdep.adjkerntz
variable when time zone changes occur,
e.g., when entering or leaving daylight savings time.
.Nm Adjkerntz
uses the kernel clock's UTC time,
The
.Nm
utility uses the kernel clock's UTC time,
the previously stored
time zone offset, and the changed time zone rule to
calculate a new time zone offset.
@ -136,8 +143,9 @@ command line, or multiple
instances could conflict with each other.
.El
.Pp
.Nm Adjkerntz
clears the kernel timezone structure and makes the kernel clock run
The
.Nm
utility clears the kernel timezone structure and makes the kernel clock run
in the UTC time zone.
Super-user privileges are required for all operations.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
@ -183,5 +191,5 @@ and exits with a nonzero return code.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 1.0 .

5
sbin/atacontrol/atacontrol.8
View File

@ -73,13 +73,16 @@
.Nm
.Ic list
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a control program that provides the user access and control to the
utility is a control program that provides the user access and control to the
.Fx
.Xr ata 4
subsystem.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility
can cause severe system crashes and loss of data if used improperly. Please
exercise caution when using this command!
.Pp

3
sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@
.Op Fl d Ar path
.Op Fl f Ar objfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
downloads FORE Systems' microcode into the host ATM adapter(s).
utility downloads FORE Systems' microcode into the host ATM adapter(s).
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl i Ar intf

6
sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@
.Op Fl f
.Op Fl r
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a HARP ATM daemon that performs the ILMI ATM address registration
utility is a HARP ATM daemon that performs the ILMI ATM address registration
procedures with an ATM network switch.
It is normally invoked at boot time
from the ATM startup script.
@ -80,8 +81,9 @@ that the ATM Address table is empty.
It also does not implement any
of the ATM Forum MIB that is specified as part of ILMI.
.Pp
The
.Nm
will increment the debug level when it receives a
utility will increment the debug level when it receives a
.Dv SIGUSR1
signal and will
decrement the debug level when it receives a

22
sbin/badsect/badsect.8
View File

@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
.Nm
.Ar bbdir sector ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Badsect
makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
The
.Nm
utility makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
@ -67,8 +68,9 @@ do not support the bad-blocking standard
.Nm
may be used to good effect.
.Pp
.Nm Badsect
is used on a quiet filesystem in the following way:
The
.Nm
utility is used on a quiet filesystem in the following way:
First mount the filesystem, and change to its root directory.
Make a directory
.Li BAD
@ -97,8 +99,9 @@ This will leave the bad sectors in only the
.Li BAD
files.
.Pp
.Nm Badsect
works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
The
.Nm
utility works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
.Xr mknod 2
system call,
creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
@ -113,8 +116,9 @@ to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fsck 8
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Nm Badsect
refuses to attach a block that
The
.Nm
utility refuses to attach a block that
resides in a critical area or is out of range of the filesystem.
A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
.Sh BUGS
@ -126,5 +130,5 @@ filesystem fragment.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.1 .

18
sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8
View File

@ -94,7 +94,9 @@
.Ar disk Ar protofile
.Oo Ar disktype/auto Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Disklabel
The
.Nm
utility
installs, examines or modifies the label on a disk drive or pack. When writing
the label, it can be used to change the drive identification, the disk
partitions on the drive, or to replace a damaged label. There are several forms
@ -137,8 +139,9 @@ partition be specified. For example
You do not have to include the
.Pa /dev/
path prefix when specifying the device.
The
.Nm
will automatically prepend it.
utility will automatically prepend it.
.Ss Reading the disk label
.Pp
To examine the label on a disk drive, use
@ -510,7 +513,9 @@ auto
.It Pa /boot/boot<n>
.El
.Sh SAVED FILE FORMAT
The
.Nm
utility
uses an ASCII version of the label when examining, editing or restoring a disk
label. The format is:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
@ -643,7 +648,9 @@ represents the entire slice and should be of type
though
.Nm
does not enforce this convention.
The
.Nm
utility
also knows about a number of other partition types, none of which are in current
use.
See the definitions starting with
@ -870,8 +877,9 @@ For the i386 architecture, the primary bootstrap sector contains
an embedded
.Em fdisk
table.
.Nm Disklabel
takes care to not clobber it when installing a bootstrap only
The
.Nm
utility takes care to not clobber it when installing a bootstrap only
.Pq Fl B ,
or when editing an existing label
.Pq Fl e ,
@ -888,7 +896,9 @@ concern if the disk is fully dedicated, so that the
disklabel
starts at absolute block 0 on the disk.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility
does not perform all possible error checking. Warning *is* given if partitions
overlap; if an absolute offset does not match the expected offset; if the
.Dq c

23
sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8
View File

@ -137,18 +137,22 @@
.Nm
.Ic help
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a utility designed to provide a way for users to access and control the
utility is designed to provide a way for users to access and control the
.Fx
CAM subsystem.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility
can cause a loss of data and/or system crashes if used improperly. Even
expert users are encouraged to exercise caution when using this command.
Novice users should stay away from this utility.
.Pp
The
.Nm
has a number of primary functions, many of which support an optional
utility has a number of primary functions, many of which support an optional
device identifier. A device identifier can take one of three forms:
.Bl -tag -width 14n
.It deviceUNIT
@ -222,8 +226,9 @@ List all peripheral drivers attached to a given physical device (logical
unit).
.It Ic tur
Send the SCSI test unit ready (0x00) command to the given device.
The
.Nm
will report whether the device is ready or not.
utility will report whether the device is ready or not.
.It Ic inquiry
Send a SCSI inquiry command (0x12) to a device. By default,
.Nm
@ -283,7 +288,9 @@ required. Most drives support the physical sector format. Some drives
support the logical block format. Many drives, if they don't support the
requested format, return the data in an alternate format, along with sense
information indicating that the requested data format isn't supported.
The
.Nm
utility
attempts to detect this, and print out whatever format the drive returns.
If the drive uses a non-standard sense code to report that it doesn't
support the requested format,
@ -480,7 +487,9 @@ Show or negotiate various communication parameters. Some controllers may
not support setting or changing some of these values. For instance, the
Adaptec 174x controllers do not support changing a device's sync rate or
offset.
The
.Nm
utility
will not attempt to set the parameter if the controller indicates that it
does not support setting the parameter. To find out what the controller
supports, use the
@ -632,8 +641,9 @@ fails.
.Dl camcontrol tur da0
.Pp
Send the SCSI test unit ready command to da0.
The
.Nm
will report whether the disk is ready, but will not display sense
utility will report whether the disk is ready, but will not display sense
information if the command fails since the
.Fl v
switch was not specified.
@ -648,8 +658,9 @@ printing (with the
.Fl v
flag) if the command fails. Since error recovery is turned on, the
disk will be spun up if it is not currently spinning.
The
.Nm
will report whether the disk is ready.
utility will report whether the disk is ready.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
camcontrol cmd -n cd -u 1 -v -c "3C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0e 00" \e
-i 0xe "s1 i3 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1"
@ -716,7 +727,7 @@ Test Unit Ready command to make the settings take effect.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Pp
The mode page editing code and arbitrary SCSI command code are based upon

18
sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.8
View File

@ -63,8 +63,9 @@
.Fl g
.Op Ar ccd Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Ccdconfig
is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk
The
.Nm
utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk
devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd, see
.Xr ccd 4 .
.Pp
@ -130,8 +131,12 @@ The component devices need to name partitions of type
as shown by
.Xr disklabel 8 ) .
.Sh EXAMPLES
A number of ccdconfig examples are shown below. The arguments passed
to ccdconfig are exactly the same as you might place in the
A number of
.Nm
examples are shown below. The arguments passed
to
.Nm
are exactly the same as you might place in the
.Pa /etc/ccd.conf
configuration file. The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of
four scsi disk partitions. The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave.
@ -178,8 +183,7 @@ An error on a ccd disk is usually unrecoverable unless you are using the
mirroring option. But mirroring has its own perils: It assumes that
both copies of the data at any given sector are the same. This holds true
until a write error occurs or until you replace either side of the mirror.
.Nm Ccd
uses a poor-man's mirroring implementation. It works well enough that if
This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation. It works well enough that if
you begin to get disk errors you should be able to backup the ccd disk,
replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd disk. If you need
more than this you should look into external hardware RAID SCSI boxes,
@ -199,5 +203,5 @@ default ccd configuration file
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Nx 1.0a .

10
sbin/clri/clri.8
View File

@ -43,13 +43,15 @@
.Ar special_device inode_number ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Bf -symbolic
.Nm Clri
is obsoleted for normal filesystem repair work by
The
.Nm
utility is obsoleted for normal filesystem repair work by
.Xr fsck 8 .
.Ef
.Pp
.Nm Clri
zeros out the inodes with the specified inode number(s)
The
.Nm
utility zeros out the inodes with the specified inode number(s)
on the filesystem residing on the given
.Ar special_device .
The

5
sbin/comcontrol/comcontrol.8
View File

@ -11,8 +11,9 @@
.Op dtrwait Ar number
.Op drainwait Ar number
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Comcontrol
is used to examine and modify some of the special characteristics
The
.Nm
utility is used to examine and modify some of the special characteristics
of the specified tty device.
If no arguments other than the device (or "-" for stdin)
are specified,

2
sbin/conscontrol/conscontrol.8
View File

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ All console output is suppressed when console muting is
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Jonathan Lemon

18
sbin/disklabel/disklabel.8
View File

@ -94,7 +94,9 @@
.Ar disk Ar protofile
.Oo Ar disktype/auto Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Disklabel
The
.Nm
utility
installs, examines or modifies the label on a disk drive or pack. When writing
the label, it can be used to change the drive identification, the disk
partitions on the drive, or to replace a damaged label. There are several forms
@ -137,8 +139,9 @@ partition be specified. For example
You do not have to include the
.Pa /dev/
path prefix when specifying the device.
The
.Nm
will automatically prepend it.
utility will automatically prepend it.
.Ss Reading the disk label
.Pp
To examine the label on a disk drive, use
@ -510,7 +513,9 @@ auto
.It Pa /boot/boot<n>
.El
.Sh SAVED FILE FORMAT
The
.Nm
utility
uses an ASCII version of the label when examining, editing or restoring a disk
label. The format is:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
@ -643,7 +648,9 @@ represents the entire slice and should be of type
though
.Nm
does not enforce this convention.
The
.Nm
utility
also knows about a number of other partition types, none of which are in current
use.
See the definitions starting with
@ -870,8 +877,9 @@ For the i386 architecture, the primary bootstrap sector contains
an embedded
.Em fdisk
table.
.Nm Disklabel
takes care to not clobber it when installing a bootstrap only
The
.Nm
utility takes care to not clobber it when installing a bootstrap only
.Pq Fl B ,
or when editing an existing label
.Pq Fl e ,
@ -888,7 +896,9 @@ concern if the disk is fully dedicated, so that the
disklabel
starts at absolute block 0 on the disk.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility
does not perform all possible error checking. Warning *is* given if partitions
overlap; if an absolute offset does not match the expected offset; if the
.Dq c

7
sbin/dmesg/dmesg.8
View File

@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Dmesg
displays the contents of the system message buffer.
The
.Nm
utility displays the contents of the system message buffer.
If neither the
.Fl N
nor the
@ -86,5 +87,5 @@ at startup time
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.0 .

30
sbin/dump/dump.8
View File

@ -65,8 +65,9 @@ is an alternate name for
option syntax is implemented for backward compatibility, but
is not documented here.)
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Dump
examines files
The
.Nm
utility examines files
on a filesystem
and determines which files
need to be backed up.
@ -257,8 +258,7 @@ but the
.Fl D
option may be used to change it.
.It Fl W
.Nm Dump
tells the operator what filesystems need to be dumped.
Tell the operator what filesystems need to be dumped.
This information is gleaned from the files
.Pa dumpdates
and
@ -291,8 +291,9 @@ subject to the
.Fl h
option.
.Pp
.Nm Dump
requires operator intervention on these conditions:
The
.Nm
utility requires operator intervention on these conditions:
end of tape,
end of dump,
tape write error,
@ -329,8 +330,9 @@ restart itself from the checkpoint
after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
and a new tape has been mounted.
.Pp
.Nm Dump
tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals
The
.Nm
utility tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals
(every 5 minutes, or promptly after receiving
.Dv SIGINFO ) ,
including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
@ -422,8 +424,9 @@ impossible to use a larger output block size, so
.Nm
will prevent this from happening.
.Pp
.Nm Dump
with the
The
.Nm
utility with the
.Fl W
or
.Fl w
@ -443,8 +446,9 @@ and provided more assistance
for the operator running
.Xr restore .
.Pp
.Nm Dump
cannot do remote backups without being run as root, due to its
The
.Nm
utility cannot do remote backups without being run as root, due to its
security history. This will be fixed in a later version of
.Fx .
Presently, it works if you set it setuid (like it used to be), but this
@ -452,5 +456,5 @@ might constitute a security risk.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.At v6 .

7
sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8
View File

@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
.Nm
.Op Ar filesys No \&| Ar device
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Dumpfs
prints out the super block and cylinder group information
The
.Nm
utility prints out the super block and cylinder group information
for the filesystem or special device specified.
The listing is very long and detailed. This
command is useful mostly for finding out certain filesystem
@ -59,5 +60,5 @@ free space percentage.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

9
sbin/dumpon/dumpon.8
View File

@ -46,8 +46,9 @@
.Op Fl v
.Ar off
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Dumpon
is used to specify a device where the kernel can save a crash dump in
The
.Nm
utility is used to specify a device where the kernel can save a crash dump in
the case of a panic.
.Pp
Calls to
@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ should be used as the dump device.
.Pp
The
.Nm
program operates by setting the
utility operates by setting the
.Xr sysctl 3
MIB variable
.Dq kern.dumpdev
@ -126,5 +127,5 @@ is taken, it is not possible to send crash dumps directly to a file.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 2.1 .

17
sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8
View File

@ -37,14 +37,13 @@ you can have one or more partitions with one
.Em active .
The DOS
.Nm
program can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one
utility can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one
.Em active .
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fx
program
.Nm
serves a similar purpose to the DOS program. The first form is used to
utility serves a similar purpose to the DOS program. The first form is used to
display partition information or to interactively edit the partition
table. The second is used to write a partition table using a
.Ar configfile
@ -224,10 +223,11 @@ option is used. If the
.Fl f
option is not used, the
.Nm
program will enter a conversational mode.
utility will enter a conversational mode.
This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to.
.Nm Fdisk
selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior.
The
.Nm
utility selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior.
.Pp
It displays each partition
and ask if you want to edit it.
@ -237,8 +237,9 @@ and asking for a new one.
When you are done with a partition,
.Nm
will display it and ask if it is correct.
.Nm Fdisk
will then proceed to the next entry.
The
.Nm
utility will then proceed to the next entry.
.Pp
Getting the
.Em cyl , sector ,

2
sbin/fsck/fsck.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command invokes filesystem-specific programs to check
utility invokes filesystem-specific programs to check
the special devices listed in the
.Xr fstab 5
file or in the command line for consistency.

5
sbin/fsck_msdosfs/fsck_msdosfs.8
View File

@ -115,10 +115,11 @@ as the answer to all operator questions.
.Xr fsck_ffs 8 ,
.Xr mount_msdos 8
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
is still under construction.
utility is still under construction.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.4 .

10
sbin/fsdb/fsdb.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Op Fl r
.Ar fsname
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Fsdb
opens
The
.Nm
utility opens
.Ar fsname
(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop
allowing manipulation of the filesystem's inode data. You are prompted
@ -226,8 +227,9 @@ There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which
.Nm
doesn't implement.
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm Fsdb
uses the source code for
The
.Nm
utility uses the source code for
.Xr fsck 8
to implement most of the filesystem manipulation code. The remainder of
.Nm

14
sbin/fsirand/fsirand.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command installs random generation numbers on all the inodes for
utility installs random generation numbers on all the inodes for
each filesystem specified on the command line by
.Ar special .
This increases the security of NFS-exported filesystems by making
@ -61,13 +61,15 @@ run
by hand on a new filesystem. It is only used to
re-randomize or report on an existing filesystem.
.Pp
.Nm Fsirand
should only be used on an unmounted filesystem that
The
.Nm
utility should only be used on an unmounted filesystem that
has been checked with
.Xr fsck 8
or a filesystem that is mounted read-only.
.Nm Fsirand
may be used on the root filesystem in single-user mode
The
.Nm
utility may be used on the root filesystem in single-user mode
but the system should be rebooted via ``reboot -n'' afterwards.
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ of memory for large disks with few cylinder groups.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in SunOS 3.x.
utility appeared in SunOS 3.x.
.Pp
This version of
.Nm

11
sbin/growfs/growfs.8
View File

@ -49,8 +49,9 @@
.Op Fl s Ar size
.Ar special
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
extends the
utility extends the
.Xr newfs 8
program.
Before starting
@ -59,8 +60,9 @@ the disk must be labeled to a bigger size using
.Xr disklabel 8 .
If you are using volumes you must enlarge them by using
.Xr vinum 8 .
The
.Nm
extends the size of the filesystem on the specified special file.
utility extends the size of the filesystem on the specified special file.
Currently
.Nm
can only enlarge unmounted filesystems.
@ -110,8 +112,9 @@ will enlarge
up to 2GB if there is enough space in
.Pa /dev/vinum/testvol .
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
works starting with
utility works starting with
.Fx
3.x.
There may be cases on
@ -182,5 +185,5 @@ mode.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.4 .

17
sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8
View File

@ -72,12 +72,14 @@
.Op Fl u
.Op Fl C
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Ifconfig
is used to assign an address
The
.Nm
utility is used to assign an address
to a network interface and/or configure
network interface parameters.
.Nm Ifconfig
must be used at boot time to define the network address
The
.Nm
utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
a later time to redefine an interface's address
or other operating parameters.
@ -643,8 +645,9 @@ Included for
compatibility.
.El
.Pp
.Nm Ifconfig
displays the current configuration for a network interface
The
.Nm
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
when no optional parameters are supplied.
If a protocol family is specified,
.Nm
@ -721,5 +724,5 @@ So, such manual deletions are strongly discouraged.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

38
sbin/init/init.8
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program
utility
is the last stage of the boot process.
It normally runs the automatic reboot sequence as described in
.Xr rc 8 ,
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ commences single-user operation by giving
the super-user a shell on the console.
The
.Nm
program may be passed parameters
utility may be passed parameters
from the boot program to
prevent the system from going multi-user and to instead execute
a single-user shell without starting the normal daemons.
@ -159,8 +159,9 @@ In multi-user operation,
maintains
processes for the terminal ports found in the file
.Xr ttys 5 .
.Nm Init
reads this file and executes the command found in the second field,
The
.Nm
utility reads this file and executes the command found in the second field,
unless the first field refers to a device in
.Pa /dev
which is not configured.
@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ dies, either because the user logged out
or an abnormal termination occurred (a signal),
the
.Nm
program wakes up, deletes the user
utility wakes up, deletes the user
from the
.Xr utmp 5
file of current users and records the logout in the
@ -194,8 +195,9 @@ executing a new
.Nm getty
for the line.
.Pp
.Nm Init
can also be used to keep arbitrary daemons running,
The
.Nm
utility can also be used to keep arbitrary daemons running,
automatically restarting them if they die.
In this case, the first field in the
.Xr ttys 5
@ -247,8 +249,9 @@ file and records in the
file is out of sync,
so this practice is not recommended.
.Pp
.Nm Init
will terminate multi-user operations and resume single-user mode
The
.Nm
utility will terminate multi-user operations and resume single-user mode
if sent a terminate
.Pq Dv TERM
signal, for example,
@ -259,8 +262,9 @@ hardware or software failure),
will not wait for them all to die (which might take forever), but
will time out after 30 seconds and print a warning message.
.Pp
.Nm Init
will cease creating new processes
The
.Nm
utility will cease creating new processes
and allow the system to slowly die away, if it is sent a terminal stop
.Pq Dv TSTP
signal, i.e.\&
@ -272,8 +276,9 @@ This hook is used by
and
.Xr halt 8 .
.Pp
.Nm Init
will terminate all possible processes (again, it will not wait
The
.Nm
utility will terminate all possible processes (again, it will not wait
for deadlocked processes) and reboot the machine if sent the interrupt
.Pq Dv INT
signal, i.e.\&
@ -281,8 +286,9 @@ signal, i.e.\&
This is useful for shutting the machine down cleanly from inside the kernel
or from X when the machine appears to be hung.
.Pp
.Nm Init
will do the same, except it will halt the machine if sent
The
.Nm
utility will do the same, except it will halt the machine if sent
the user defined signal 1
.Pq Dv USR1 ,
or will halt and turn the power off (if hardware permits) if sent
@ -382,7 +388,7 @@ system shutdown commands
.Sh HISTORY
An
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.At v6 .
.Sh CAVEATS
Systems without

3
sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8
View File

@ -564,6 +564,7 @@ API based upon code written by
.An Daniel Boulet
for BSDI.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .

3
sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8
View File

@ -54,8 +54,9 @@
.Brq Cm delete | list | show
.Op Ar number ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is the user interface for controlling the
utility is the user interface for controlling the
.Xr ipfirewall 4
and the
.Xr dummynet 4

2
sbin/kldconfig/kldconfig.8
View File

@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
.Nm
.Fl r
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
displays or modifies the search path used by the kernel when loading modules
using the
.Xr kldload 8

2
sbin/kldload/kldload.8
View File

@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Modules may also be auto-loaded through their addition to
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 ,
replacing the
.Xr lkm 4

2
sbin/kldstat/kldstat.8
View File

@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ and with a nonzero status if an error occurs.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 ,
replacing the
.Xr lkm 4

2
sbin/kldunload/kldunload.8
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ and with a nonzero status if an error occurs.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 ,
replacing the
.Xr lkm 4

8
sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8
View File

@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
.Op Fl f Ar hints_file
.Op Ar directory | Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is used to prepare a set of
utility is used to prepare a set of
.Dq hints
for use by the dynamic linker
to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple
@ -89,8 +90,9 @@ equivalent of the
switch of
.Xr ld 1 .
.Pp
.Nm Ldconfig
is typically run as part of the boot sequence.
The
.Nm
utility is typically run as part of the boot sequence.
.Pp
The following options are recognized by
.Nm :

6
sbin/mdconfig/mdconfig.8
View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command configures and enables
utility configures and enables
.Xr md 4
devices.
.Pp
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ chmod 1777 /tmp
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 5.0
as a cleaner replacement for the
.Xr vn 4
@ -181,6 +181,6 @@ combo.
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
program was written by
utility was written by
.An Poul-Henning Kamp
.Aq phk@FreeBSD.org .

10
sbin/mdmfs/mdmfs.8
View File

@ -74,12 +74,13 @@ driver
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program is designed to be a work-alike and look-alike of the deprecated
utility is designed to be a work-alike and look-alike of the deprecated
.Xr mount_mfs 8 .
The end result is essentially the same,
but is accomplished in a completely different way.
The
.Nm
configures an
utility configures an
.Xr md 4
disk using
.Xr mdconfig 8 ,
@ -289,8 +290,9 @@ do not use soft-updates on it and mount it
.Pp
.Dl "mdmfs -M -S -o async -s 16m md1 /tmp"
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
.Nm ,
while designed to be fully compatible with
The
.Nm
utility, while designed to be fully compatible with
.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
can be useful by itself.
Since

4
sbin/mknod/mknod.8
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command creates device special files.
utility creates device special files.
Normally the shell script
.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV
is used to create special files for commonly known devices; it executes
@ -130,5 +130,5 @@ being mounted.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.At v6 .

5
sbin/mount/mount.8
View File

@ -53,8 +53,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command
calls the
utility calls the
.Xr mount 2
system call to prepare and graft a
.Ar "special device"
@ -401,5 +400,5 @@ directions to be possible for all users is 0111 (execute for all).
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.At v1 .

2
sbin/mount_cd9660/mount_cd9660.8
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches the ISO-9660 filesystem residing on the device
utility attaches the ISO-9660 filesystem residing on the device
.Pa special
to the global filesystem namespace at the location indicated by
.Pa node .

4
sbin/mount_ext2fs/mount_ext2fs.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches a ext2fs filesystem
utility attaches a ext2fs filesystem
.Ar special
device on to the filesystem tree at the point
.Ar node .
@ -72,5 +72,5 @@ man page for possible options and their meanings.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
function first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 2.2 .

4
sbin/mount_hpfs/mount_hpfs.8
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches the HPFS filesystem residing on the device
utility attaches the HPFS filesystem residing on the device
.Pa special
to the global filesystem namespace at the location
indicated by
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ It is strongly recomended to mount readonly!
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
first appered in
utility first appered in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
HPFS kernel implementation,

2
sbin/mount_msdosfs/mount_msdosfs.8
View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches the MS-DOS filesystem residing on
utility attaches the MS-DOS filesystem residing on
the device
.Pa special
to the global filesystem namespace at the location

3
sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8
View File

@ -56,8 +56,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command
calls the
utility calls the
.Xr mount 2
system call to prepare and graft a remote nfs filesystem
.Pq Ar rhost : Ns Ar path

4
sbin/mount_ntfs/mount_ntfs.8
View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches the NTFS filesystem residing on the device
utility attaches the NTFS filesystem residing on the device
.Pa special
to the global filesystem namespace at the location
indicated by
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ section for details about writing to an NTFS volume.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The NTFS kernel implementation,

7
sbin/mount_nullfs/mount_nullfs.8
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command creates a
utility creates a
null layer, duplicating a sub-tree of the filesystem
name space under another part of the global filesystem namespace.
This allows existing files and directories to be accessed
@ -103,8 +103,9 @@ for constructing new layers.
.Sh INSTANTIATING NEW NULL LAYERS
New null layers are created with
.Nm .
.Nm Mount_nullfs
takes two arguments, the pathname
The
.Nm
utility takes two arguments, the pathname
of the lower vfs (target-pn) and the pathname where the null
layer will appear in the namespace (mount-point-pn). After
the null layer is put into place, the contents

2
sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command allows to mount volume from a NetWare server.
utility allows to mount volume from a NetWare server.
It may use either
existing connection or create new: if no usable connection was found
it will try to establish a new one.

2
sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches an instance of the portal daemon
utility attaches an instance of the portal daemon
to the global filesystem namespace.
The conventional mount point is
.Pa /p .

22
sbin/mount_std/mount_std.8
View File

@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ filesystems
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' filesystems to
utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' filesystems to
the filesystem. The
.Nm
command currently supports the following filesystems:
utility currently supports the following filesystems:
.Nm devfs ,
.Nm fdescfs ,
.Nm linprocfs
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ has a kernel filesystem module name the same as its user-visible name.
.It
requires no other special processing on the part of the
.Nm
command.
utility.
.El
.Pp
The options are as follows:
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ man page for possible options and their meanings.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command examines its zeroth command-line argument (the name by which
utility examines its zeroth command-line argument (the name by which
it was called) to determine the type of filesystem to be mounted. If
it is called by a name which does not end in
.Dq Li _ Ns Ar fsname ,
@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ with
that the zeroth argument contains only the name of the filesystem type.
The
.Nm
command is normally installed with appropriate links to commands for
utility is normally installed with appropriate links to commands for
the distributed filesystems which can be mounted in this way;
for information on the function of each filesystem, see the manual page
for that specific
.Nm mount_ Ns Ar fsname
command.
utility.
.Pp
Refer to the following manual pages for detailed information
on these filesystem:
@ -128,12 +128,14 @@ and
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It argv[0] must end in _fsname
.Nm Mount_std
was called with a zeroth argument of
The
.Nm
utility was called with a zeroth argument of
.Dq Li mount_std .
.It vfsload(%s)
.Nm Mount_std
was unable to load a kernel module implementing the %s filesystem
The
.Nm
utility was unable to load a kernel module implementing the %s filesystem
type.
.It %s filesystem not available
The specified filesystem type was not present in the kernel and no

13
sbin/mount_umapfs/mount_umapfs.8
View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to mount a sub-tree of an existing filesystem
utility is used to mount a sub-tree of an existing filesystem
that uses a different set of uids and gids than the local system.
Such a filesystem could be mounted from a remote site via NFS or
it could be a filesystem on removable media brought from some
@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ foreign location that uses a different password file.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command uses a set of files provided by the user to make correspondences
utility uses a set of files provided by the user to make correspondences
between uids and gids in the sub-tree's original environment and
some other set of ids in the local environment. For instance, user
smith might have uid 1000 in the original environment, while having
uid 2000 in the local environment. The
.Nm
command allows the subtree from smith's original environment to be
utility allows the subtree from smith's original environment to be
mapped in such a way that all files with owning uid 1000 look like
they are actually owned by uid 2000.
.Pp
@ -110,14 +110,15 @@ at most 16 groups can be mapped by a given subtree.
.Pp
The mapfiles can be located anywhere in the file hierarchy, but they
must be owned by root, and they must be writable only by root.
.Nm Mount_umapfs
will refuse to map the sub-tree if the ownership or permissions on
The
.Nm
utility will refuse to map the sub-tree if the ownership or permissions on
these files are improper. It will also balk if the count of mappings
in the first line of the map files is not correct.
.Pp
The layer created by the
.Nm
command is meant to serve as a simple example of filesystem layering.
utility is meant to serve as a simple example of filesystem layering.
It is not meant for production use. The implementation is not very
sophisticated.
.Sh SEE ALSO

5
sbin/mount_unionfs/mount_unionfs.8
View File

@ -50,8 +50,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command
attaches
utility attaches
.Ar directory
above
.Ar uniondir
@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ a tree of shadow directories in the upper layer.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .
It first worked in
.Fx Ns -(fill this in) .

5
sbin/mountd/mountd.8
View File

@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ mount requests
.Op Fl 2dlnr
.Op Ar exportsfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Mountd
is the server for
The
.Nm
utility is the server for
.Tn NFS
mount requests from other client machines.
It listens for service requests at the port indicated in the

6
sbin/natd/natd.8
View File

@ -34,7 +34,9 @@
.Op Fl log_ipfw_denied
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This program provides a Network Address Translation facility for use
The
.Nm
utility provides a Network Address Translation facility for use
with
.Xr divert 4
sockets under
@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ switch to
.Pp
The
.Nm
normally runs in the background as a daemon.
utility normally runs in the background as a daemon.
It is passed raw IP packets as they travel into and out of the machine,
and will possibly change these before re-injecting them back into the
IP packet stream.

15
sbin/newfs/newfs.8
View File

@ -58,14 +58,16 @@
.Op Fl s Ar size
.Ar special
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Newfs
is used to initialize and clear filesystems before first use.
The
.Nm
utility is used to initialize and clear filesystems before first use.
Before running
.Nm
the disk must be labeled using
.Xr disklabel 8 .
.Nm Newfs
builds a filesystem on the specified special file.
The
.Nm
utility builds a filesystem on the specified special file.
(We often refer to the
.Dq special file
as the
@ -194,8 +196,9 @@ The size of a sector in bytes (almost never anything but 512).
.Pp
Creates a new ufs filesystem on
.Pa ad3s1a .
The
.Nm
will use a block size of 16384 bytes, a fragment size of 2048 bytes
utility will use a block size of 16384 bytes, a fragment size of 2048 bytes
and the largest possible number of blocks per cylinders group.
These values tend to produce better performance for most applications
than the historical defaults
@ -229,5 +232,5 @@ on filesystems that contain many small files.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

2
sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8
View File

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Robert Nordier Aq rnordier@FreeBSD.org .

20
sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8
View File

@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ server
.Op Fl n Ar num_servers
.Op Fl h Ar bindip
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nfsd
runs on a server machine to service
The
.Nm
utility runs on a server machine to service
.Tn NFS
requests from client machines.
At least one
@ -115,8 +116,9 @@ A server should run enough daemons to handle
the maximum level of concurrency from its clients,
typically four to six.
.Pp
.Nm Nfsd
listens for service requests at the port indicated in the
The
.Nm
utility listens for service requests at the port indicated in the
.Tn NFS
server specification; see
.%T "Network File System Protocol Specification" ,
@ -149,19 +151,23 @@ option is recommended. If you do not use the option NFS may not respond to
UDP packets from the same IP address they were sent to. Use of this option
is also recommended when securing NFS exports on a firewalling machine such
that the NFS sockets can only be accessed by the inside interface.
.Nm Ipfw
The
.Nm ipfw
utility
would then be used to block nfs-related packets that come in on the outside
interface.
.Pp
The
.Nm
has to be terminated with
utility has to be terminated with
.Dv SIGUSR1
and cannot be killed with
.Dv SIGTERM
or
.Dv SIGQUIT .
The
.Nm
needs to ignore these signals in order to stay alive as long
utility needs to ignore these signals in order to stay alive as long
as possible during a shutdown, otherwise loopback mounts will
not be able to unmount.
If you have to kill

5
sbin/nfsiod/nfsiod.8
View File

@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ asynchronous I/O server
.Nm
.Op Fl n Ar num_servers
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nfsiod
kernel processes run on an
The
.Nm
utility is a kernel process which run on an
.Tn NFS
client machine to service asynchronous I/O requests to its server.
It improves performance but is not required for correct operation.

7
sbin/nologin/nologin.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nologin
displays a message that an account is not available and
The
.Nm
utility displays a message that an account is not available and
exits non-zero.
It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that
have been disabled.
@ -56,5 +57,5 @@ investigate
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .

5
sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8
View File

@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
.Ar protocol_number
.Ar target
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nos-tun
is used to establish an
The
.Nm
utility is used to establish an
.Em nos
style tunnel, (also known as
.Em ka9q

16
sbin/ping/ping.8
View File

@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ packets to network hosts
.Ar mcast-group
.Bc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Ping
uses the
The
.Nm
utility uses the
.Tn ICMP
.No protocol Ap s mandatory
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
@ -313,8 +314,9 @@ it uses in the computation of round trip times.
If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are
given.
.Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
.Nm Ping
will report duplicate and damaged packets.
The
.Nm
utility will report duplicate and damaged packets.
Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address,
and seem to be caused by
inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ Others may use completely wild values.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Nm
command returns an exit status of zero if at least one response was
utility returns an exit status of zero if at least one response was
heard from the specified
.Ar host ;
a status of two if the transmission was successful but no responses
@ -456,12 +458,12 @@ if an error occurred.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The original
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Mike Muuss
while at the US Army Ballistics
Research Laboratory.

13
sbin/ping6/ping6.8
View File

@ -84,8 +84,9 @@ packets to network hosts
.Ar host
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
uses the
utility uses the
.Tn ICMPv6
protocol's mandatory
.Tn ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
Specifies to try reverse-lookup of IPv6 addresses.
The
.Nm
command does not try reverse-lookup unless the option is specified.
utility does not try reverse-lookup unless the option is specified.
.It Fl h Ar hoplimit
Set the IPv6 hoplimit.
.It Fl I Ar interface
@ -350,8 +351,9 @@ during normal operations or from automated scripts.
.\" If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are
.\" given.
.Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
The
.Nm
will report duplicate and damaged packets.
utility will report duplicate and damaged packets.
Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address,
and seem to be caused by
inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
@ -398,8 +400,9 @@ using the
option of
.Nm .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Nm
returns 0 on success (the host is alive),
utility returns 0 on success (the host is alive),
and non-zero if the arguments are incorrect or the host is not responding.
.Sh EXAMPLES
Normally,
@ -488,7 +491,7 @@ command appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
The
.Nm
command with IPv6 support first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
utility with IPv6 support first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
kit.
.Pp
IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project (http://www.kame.net/) stack

25
sbin/quotacheck/quotacheck.8
View File

@ -54,8 +54,9 @@
.Op Fl v
.Fl a
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Quotacheck
examines each filesystem,
The
.Nm
utility examines each filesystem,
builds a table of current disk usage,
and compares this table against that recorded
in the disk quota file for the filesystem.
@ -85,8 +86,7 @@ Only user quotas listed in
.Pa /etc/fstab
are to be checked.
.It Fl v
.Nm Quotacheck
reports discrepancies between the
Report discrepancies between the
calculated and recorded disk quotas and other additional diagnostic messages.
.El
.Pp
@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ Normally,
.Nm
operates silently.
.Pp
.Nm Quotacheck
expects each filesystem to be checked to have a
The
.Nm
utility expects each filesystem to be checked to have a
quota files named
.Pa quota.user
and
@ -121,8 +122,9 @@ These files should be edited with the
.Xr edquota 8
utility.
.Pp
.Nm Quotacheck
is normally run at boot time from the
The
.Nm
utility is normally run at boot time from the
.Pa /etc/rc
file.
The rc startup procedure is controlled by the
@ -137,8 +139,9 @@ with the variable
in
.Pa /etc/rc.conf .
.Pp
.Nm Quotacheck
accesses the raw device in calculating the actual
The
.Nm
utility accesses the raw device in calculating the actual
disk usage for each user.
Thus, the filesystems
checked should be quiescent while
@ -164,5 +167,5 @@ default filesystems
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

2
usr.sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command allows to mount volume from a NetWare server.
utility allows to mount volume from a NetWare server.
It may use either
existing connection or create new: if no usable connection was found
it will try to establish a new one.

2
usr.sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command attaches an instance of the portal daemon
utility attaches an instance of the portal daemon
to the global filesystem namespace.
The conventional mount point is
.Pa /p .

5
usr.sbin/mountd/mountd.8
View File

@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ mount requests
.Op Fl 2dlnr
.Op Ar exportsfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Mountd
is the server for
The
.Nm
utility is the server for
.Tn NFS
mount requests from other client machines.
It listens for service requests at the port indicated in the

20
usr.sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8
View File

@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ server
.Op Fl n Ar num_servers
.Op Fl h Ar bindip
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nfsd
runs on a server machine to service
The
.Nm
utility runs on a server machine to service
.Tn NFS
requests from client machines.
At least one
@ -115,8 +116,9 @@ A server should run enough daemons to handle
the maximum level of concurrency from its clients,
typically four to six.
.Pp
.Nm Nfsd
listens for service requests at the port indicated in the
The
.Nm
utility listens for service requests at the port indicated in the
.Tn NFS
server specification; see
.%T "Network File System Protocol Specification" ,
@ -149,19 +151,23 @@ option is recommended. If you do not use the option NFS may not respond to
UDP packets from the same IP address they were sent to. Use of this option
is also recommended when securing NFS exports on a firewalling machine such
that the NFS sockets can only be accessed by the inside interface.
.Nm Ipfw
The
.Nm ipfw
utility
would then be used to block nfs-related packets that come in on the outside
interface.
.Pp
The
.Nm
has to be terminated with
utility has to be terminated with
.Dv SIGUSR1
and cannot be killed with
.Dv SIGTERM
or
.Dv SIGQUIT .
The
.Nm
needs to ignore these signals in order to stay alive as long
utility needs to ignore these signals in order to stay alive as long
as possible during a shutdown, otherwise loopback mounts will
not be able to unmount.
If you have to kill

7
usr.sbin/nologin/nologin.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Nologin
displays a message that an account is not available and
The
.Nm
utility displays a message that an account is not available and
exits non-zero.
It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that
have been disabled.
@ -56,5 +57,5 @@ investigate
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .