311 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
311 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)sort.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/4/95
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.\"
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.Dd May 4, 1995
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.Dt SORT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm sort
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.Nd sort or merge text files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm sort
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.Op Fl mubdfinrtx
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.Oo
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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.Op Fl Ns Ar pos2
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.Oc
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.Ar ...
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.Op Fl o Ar output
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.Op Fl T Ar directory
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.Op Ar file
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.Ar ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm sort
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utility
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sorts text files by lines.
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Comparisons are based on one or more sort keys (or fields) extracted
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from each line of input, and are performed
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lexicographically. By default, if keys are not given,
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.Nm sort
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regards each input line as a single field.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c
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Check that the single input file is sorted lexicographically.
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If the file is not sorted,
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.Nm sort
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sorts it and writes the sorted output to the standard output or the
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filename specified by the
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.Fl o
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option.
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.It Fl m
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Merge only; the input files are assumed to be pre-sorted.
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.It Fl o Ar output
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The argument given is the name of an
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.Ar output
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file to
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be used instead of the standard output.
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This file
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can be the same as one of the input files.
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.It Fl T Ar directory
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The argument
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.Ar directory
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is used for creating temporary files.
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.It Fl u
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Unique: suppress all but one in each set of lines
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having equal keys.
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If used with the
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.Fl c
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option,
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check that there are no lines with duplicate keys.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following options override the default ordering rules.
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When ordering options appear independent of key field
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specifications, the requested field ordering rules are
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applied globally to all sort keys.
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.\" When attached to a
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.\" specific key
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.\" (see
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.\" .Fl k ) ,
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.\" the specified ordering options override
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.\" all global ordering options for that key.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl d
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Only blank space and alphanumeric characters
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.\" according
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.\" to the current setting of LC_CTYPE
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are used
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in making comparisons.
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.It Fl f
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Considers all lowercase characters that have uppercase
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equivalents to be the same for purposes of
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comparison.
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.It Fl i
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Ignore all non-printable characters.
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.It Fl n
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An initial numeric string, consisting of optional
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blank space, optional minus sign, and zero or more
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digits (including decimal point)
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.\" with
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.\" optional radix character and thousands
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.\" separator
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.\" (as defined in the current locale),
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is sorted by arithmetic value.
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The
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.Fl n
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option implies
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the
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.Fl b
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option. (See below.)
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Note that the
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.Fl b
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option
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is only effective when key fields have been specified
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and that
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.Fl \&0
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is considered equal to zero.
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.It Fl r
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Reverse the sense of comparisons.
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.El
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.Pp
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The treatment of field separators can be altered using the
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options:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b
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Leading blank spaces are ignored when determining the starting
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ending positions of a restricted sort key.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option is specified before the first
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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argument, it shall be applied to all
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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arguments.
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Otherwise, the
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.Fl b
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option can be
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attached independently to each
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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or
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.Fl Ar pos2
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argument (see below).
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.It Fl t Ar char
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.Ar Char
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is used as the field separator character;
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.Ar char
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is not considered to be part of a field (although it
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can be included in a sort key).
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Each occurrence of
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.Ar char
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is significant (for example,
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.Dq Ar charchar
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delimits an empty field).
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If
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.Fl t
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is not specified,
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blank space characters are used as default field
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separators.
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.It Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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Designates the start position of a key field.
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.It Fl Ns Ar pos1
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Designates the end position of a key field.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following operands are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.Ar file
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The pathname of a file to be sorted, merged, or checked.
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If no file
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operands are specified, or if
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a file operand is
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.Fl ,
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the standard input is used.
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.Pp
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A field is
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defined as a minimal sequence of characters followed by a
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field separator or a newline character.
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By default, the first
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blank space of a sequence of blank spaces acts as the field separator.
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All blank spaces in a sequence of blank spaces are considered
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to be part of the next field; for example, all blank spaces at
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the beginning of a line are considered to be part of the
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first field.
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.Pp
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Fields are specified
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by the
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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and
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.Fl Ar pos2
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arguments. A missing
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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argument defaults to the beginning of a line.
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A missing
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.Fl Ar pos2
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argument defaults to the end of a line.
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.Pp
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The arguments
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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and
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.Fl Ar pos2
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have the form
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.Em m.n
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followed by one or more of the options
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.Fl b , d , f , i ,
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.Fl n , r .
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A
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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position specified by
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.Em m.n
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is interpreted to
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mean the
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.Em n Ns th
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character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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A missing
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.Em \&.n
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means
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.Ql \&.0 ,
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indicating the first character of the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option is in effect,
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.Em n
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is counted from the first
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non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field;
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.Em m Ns \&.0b
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refers to the first
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non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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.Pp
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A
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.Fl Ar pos2
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position specified by
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.Em m.n
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is interpreted to mean
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the
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.Em n Ns th
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character (including separators) after the last
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character of the
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.Em m Ns th
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field.
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A missing
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.Em \&.n
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means
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.Ql \&.0 ,
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indicating
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the last character of the
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.Em m Ns th
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field.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option
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is in effect,
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.Em n
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is counted from the last leading blank character in
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the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field;
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.Em m Ns \&.1b
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refers to the first non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /var/tmp/stm*, /tmp/*
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Default temporary directories (in order of search).
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr comm 1 ,
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.Xr uniq 1 ,
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.Xr join 1
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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.Sh BUGS
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Lines which are longer than 4096 are discarded and processing continues.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v6 .
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