c44252b6e8
pascal and vmstat.sparc. All changed files on the vendor branch should already have been imported.
311 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
311 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)sort.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/4/95
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.\"
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.Dd May 4, 1995
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.Dt SORT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm sort
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.Nd sort or merge text files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm sort
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.Op Fl mubdfinrtx
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.Oo
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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.Op Fl Ns Ar pos2
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.Oc
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.Ar ...
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.Op Fl o Ar output
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.Op Fl T Ar directory
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.Op Ar file
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.Ar ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm sort
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utility
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sorts text files by lines.
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Comparisons are based on one or more sort keys (or fields) extracted
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from each line of input, and are performed
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lexicographically. By default, if keys are not given,
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.Nm sort
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regards each input line as a single field.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c
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Check that the single input file is sorted lexicographically.
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If the file is not sorted,
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.Nm sort
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sorts it and writes the sorted output to the standard output or the
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filename specified by the
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.Fl o
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option.
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.It Fl m
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Merge only; the input files are assumed to be pre-sorted.
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.It Fl o Ar output
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The argument given is the name of an
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.Ar output
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file to
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be used instead of the standard output.
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This file
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can be the same as one of the input files.
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.It Fl T Ar directory
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The argument
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.Ar directory
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is used for creating temporary files.
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.It Fl u
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Unique: suppress all but one in each set of lines
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having equal keys.
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If used with the
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.Fl c
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option,
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check that there are no lines with duplicate keys.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following options override the default ordering rules.
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When ordering options appear independent of key field
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specifications, the requested field ordering rules are
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applied globally to all sort keys.
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.\" When attached to a
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.\" specific key
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.\" (see
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.\" .Fl k ) ,
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.\" the specified ordering options override
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.\" all global ordering options for that key.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl d
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Only blank space and alphanumeric characters
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.\" according
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.\" to the current setting of LC_CTYPE
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are used
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in making comparisons.
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.It Fl f
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Considers all lowercase characters that have uppercase
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equivalents to be the same for purposes of
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comparison.
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.It Fl i
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Ignore all non-printable characters.
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.It Fl n
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An initial numeric string, consisting of optional
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blank space, optional minus sign, and zero or more
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digits (including decimal point)
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.\" with
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.\" optional radix character and thousands
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.\" separator
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.\" (as defined in the current locale),
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is sorted by arithmetic value.
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The
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.Fl n
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option implies
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the
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.Fl b
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option. (See below.)
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Note that the
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.Fl b
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option
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is only effective when key fields have been specified
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and that
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.Fl \&0
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is considered equal to zero.
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.It Fl r
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Reverse the sense of comparisons.
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.El
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.Pp
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The treatment of field separators can be altered using the
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options:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b
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Leading blank spaces are ignored when determining the starting
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ending positions of a restricted sort key.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option is specified before the first
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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argument, it shall be applied to all
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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arguments.
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Otherwise, the
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.Fl b
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option can be
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attached independently to each
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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or
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.Fl Ar pos2
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argument (see below).
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.It Fl t Ar char
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.Ar Char
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is used as the field separator character;
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.Ar char
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is not considered to be part of a field (although it
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can be included in a sort key).
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Each occurrence of
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.Ar char
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is significant (for example,
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.Dq Ar charchar
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delimits an empty field).
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If
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.Fl t
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is not specified,
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blank space characters are used as default field
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separators.
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.It Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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Designates the start position of a key field.
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.It Fl Ns Ar pos1
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Designates the end position of a key field.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following operands are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.Ar file
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The pathname of a file to be sorted, merged, or checked.
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If no file
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operands are specified, or if
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a file operand is
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.Fl ,
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the standard input is used.
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.Pp
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A field is
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defined as a minimal sequence of characters followed by a
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field separator or a newline character.
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By default, the first
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blank space of a sequence of blank spaces acts as the field separator.
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All blank spaces in a sequence of blank spaces are considered
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to be part of the next field; for example, all blank spaces at
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the beginning of a line are considered to be part of the
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first field.
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.Pp
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Fields are specified
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by the
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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and
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.Fl Ar pos2
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arguments. A missing
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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argument defaults to the beginning of a line.
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A missing
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.Fl Ar pos2
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argument defaults to the end of a line.
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.Pp
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The arguments
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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and
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.Fl Ar pos2
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have the form
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.Em m.n
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followed by one or more of the options
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.Fl b , d , f , i ,
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.Fl n , r .
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A
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.Cm \(pl Ns Ar pos1
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position specified by
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.Em m.n
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is interpreted to
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mean the
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.Em n Ns th
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character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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A missing
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.Em \&.n
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means
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.Ql \&.0 ,
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indicating the first character of the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option is in effect,
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.Em n
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is counted from the first
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non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field;
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.Em m Ns \&.0b
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refers to the first
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non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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.Pp
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A
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.Fl Ar pos2
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position specified by
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.Em m.n
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is interpreted to mean
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the
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.Em n Ns th
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character (including separators) after the last
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character of the
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.Em m Ns th
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field.
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A missing
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.Em \&.n
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means
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.Ql \&.0 ,
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indicating
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the last character of the
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.Em m Ns th
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field.
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If the
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.Fl b
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option
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is in effect,
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.Em n
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is counted from the last leading blank character in
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the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field;
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.Em m Ns \&.1b
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refers to the first non-blank character in the
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.Em m Ns \(pl1th
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field.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /var/tmp/stm*, /tmp/*
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Default temporary directories (in order of search).
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr comm 1 ,
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.Xr uniq 1 ,
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.Xr join 1
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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.Sh BUGS
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Lines which are longer than 4096 are discarded and processing continues.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v6 .
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