1996-10-18 20:22:31 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1996
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2000-10-26 15:30:44 +00:00
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.\" Julian Elischer <julian@FreeBSD.org>. All rights reserved.
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1996-10-18 20:22:31 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\"
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1996-12-26 16:16:37 +00:00
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.\"
|
Move dynamic sysctl(8) variable creation for the cd(4) and da(4) drivers
out of cdregister() and daregister(), which are run from interrupt context.
The sysctl code does blocking mallocs (M_WAITOK), which causes problems
if malloc(9) actually needs to sleep.
The eventual fix for this issue will involve moving the CAM probe process
inside a kernel thread. For now, though, I have fixed the issue by moving
dynamic sysctl variable creation for these two drivers to a task queue
running in a kernel thread.
The existing task queues (taskqueue_swi and taskqueue_swi_giant) run in
software interrupt handlers, which wouldn't fix the problem at hand. So I
have created a new task queue, taskqueue_thread, that runs inside a kernel
thread. (It also runs outside of Giant -- clients must explicitly acquire
and release Giant in their taskqueue functions.)
scsi_cd.c: Remove sysctl variable creation code from cdregister(), and
move it to a new function, cdsysctlinit(). Queue
cdsysctlinit() to the taskqueue_thread taskqueue once we
have fully registered the cd(4) driver instance.
scsi_da.c: Remove sysctl variable creation code from daregister(), and
move it to move it to a new function, dasysctlinit().
Queue dasysctlinit() to the taskqueue_thread taskqueue once
we have fully registered the da(4) instance.
taskqueue.h: Declare the new taskqueue_thread taskqueue, update some
comments.
subr_taskqueue.c:
Create the new kernel thread taskqueue. This taskqueue
runs outside of Giant, so any functions queued to it would
need to explicitly acquire/release Giant if they need it.
cd.4: Update the cd(4) man page to talk about the minimum command
size sysctl/loader tunable. Also note that the changer
variables are available as loader tunables as well.
da.4: Update the da(4) man page to cover the retry_count,
default_timeout and minimum_cmd_size sysctl variables/loader
tunables. Remove references to /dev/r???, they aren't used
any longer.
cd.9: Update the cd(9) man page to describe the CD_Q_10_BYTE_ONLY
quirk.
taskqueue.9: Update the taskqueue(9) man page to describe the new thread
task queue, and the taskqueue_swi_giant queue.
MFC after: 3 days
2003-09-03 04:46:28 +00:00
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|
|
.Dd September 2, 2003
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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.Dt DA 4
|
2001-07-10 15:31:11 +00:00
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.Os
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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.Nm da
|
2001-04-18 15:54:10 +00:00
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.Nd SCSI Direct Access device driver
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
2000-01-23 15:04:20 +00:00
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.Cd device da
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
|
2000-11-20 18:41:33 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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driver provides support for all
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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.Tn SCSI
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
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devices of the direct access class that are attached to the system
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through a supported
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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.Tn SCSI
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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Host Adapter.
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The direct access class includes disk, magneto-optical,
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and solid-state devices.
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.Pp
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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A
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.Tn SCSI
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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Host
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
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|
adapter must also be separately configured into the system
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before a
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.Tn SCSI
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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direct access device can be configured.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Sh PARTITIONING
|
1999-08-09 14:31:04 +00:00
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The
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Nm
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driver allows the disk to have two levels of partitioning.
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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One layer, called the
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.Dq slice layer ,
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is used to separate the
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
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.Fx
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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areas of the disk from areas used by other operating systems.
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The second layer is the native
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.Bx 4.4
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partitioning scheme,
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.Xr disklabel 5 ,
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which is used to subdivide the
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
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.Fx
|
2002-12-12 17:26:04 +00:00
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|
|
slices into areas for individual file systems and swap spaces.
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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For more information, see
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|
.Xr fdisk 8
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and
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|
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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respectively.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Pp
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
If an uninitialized disk is opened, the slice table will be
|
1999-04-30 06:37:16 +00:00
|
|
|
initialized with a fictitious
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fx
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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slice spanning the entire disk.
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Similarly, if an uninitialized
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
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(or
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.No non- Ns Fx )
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
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|
slice is opened, its disklabel will be initialized with parameters returned
|
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by the drive and a single
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|
.Sq Li c
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|
partition encompassing the entire slice.
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
.Sh CACHE EFFECTS
|
1999-04-30 06:37:16 +00:00
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|
Many direct access devices are equipped with read and/or write caches.
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
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Parameters affecting the device's cache are stored in mode page 8,
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
|
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|
the caching control page.
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|
Mode pages can be examined and modified via the
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr camcontrol 8
|
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|
|
utility.
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1999-04-30 06:37:16 +00:00
|
|
|
The read cache is used to store data from device-initiated read ahead
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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|
|
operations as well as frequently used data.
|
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The read cache is transparent
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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to the user and can be enabled without any adverse effect. Most devices
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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with a read cache come from the factory with it enabled.
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The read cache can be disabled by setting the
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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.Tn RCD
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(Read Cache Disable) bit in the caching control mode page.
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
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|
.Pp
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
The write cache can greatly decrease the latency of write operations
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|
and allows the device to reorganize writes to increase efficiency and
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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performance.
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This performance gain comes at a price.
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Should the device
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
|
lose power while its cache contains uncommitted write operations, these
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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writes will be lost.
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The effect of a loss of write transactions on
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|
a file system is non-deterministic and can cause corruption.
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Most
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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devices age write transactions to limit vulnerability to a few transactions
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recently reported as complete, but it is none-the-less recommended that
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systems with write cache enabled devices reside on an Uninterruptible
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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Power Supply (UPS).
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The
|
2000-11-20 18:41:33 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
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device driver ensures that the cache and media are synchronized upon
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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final close of the device or an unexpected shutdown (panic) event.
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This ensures that it is safe to disconnect power once the operating system
|
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has reported that it has halted.
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The write cache can be enabled by setting the
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
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.Tn WCE
|
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(Write Cache Enable) bit in the caching control mode page.
|
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|
.Sh TAGGED QUEUING
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The
|
2000-11-20 18:41:33 +00:00
|
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.Nm
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
device driver will take full advantage of the SCSI feature known as tagged
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
|
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|
queueing.
|
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|
Tagged queueing allows the device to process multiple transactions
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
concurrently, often re-ordering them to reduce the number and length of
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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seeks.
|
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|
To ensure that transactions to distant portions of the media,
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
which may be deferred indefinitely by servicing requests nearer the current
|
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head position, are completed in a timely fashion, an ordered tagged
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transaction is sent every 15 seconds during continuous device operation.
|
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.Sh BAD BLOCK RECOVERY
|
|
|
|
Direct Access devices have the capability of mapping out portions of
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
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|
|
defective media.
|
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|
Media recovery parameters are located in mode page 1,
|
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|
the Read-Write Error Recovery mode page.
|
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|
The most important media
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
remapping features are 'Auto Write Reallocation' and 'Auto Read
|
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|
Reallocation' which can be enabled via the AWRE and ARRE bits,
|
1999-04-30 06:37:16 +00:00
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|
respectively, of the Read-Write Error Recovery page.
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
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|
|
Many devices do not ship from the factory with these feature enabled.
|
2002-01-21 12:09:13 +00:00
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|
|
Mode pages can be examined and modified
|
1999-08-09 14:31:04 +00:00
|
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|
via the
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
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.Xr camcontrol 8
|
|
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|
utility.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh KERNEL CONFIGURATION
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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|
It is only necessary to explicitly configure one
|
2000-11-20 18:41:33 +00:00
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.Nm
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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|
|
device; data structures are dynamically allocated as disks are found
|
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on the
|
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.Tn SCSI
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bus.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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.Sh IOCTLS
|
1999-08-09 14:31:04 +00:00
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The following
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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|
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.Xr ioctl 2
|
1999-08-09 14:31:04 +00:00
|
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|
calls apply to
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
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.Tn SCSI
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
|
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|
disks as well as to other disks.
|
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|
They are defined in the header file
|
1997-04-01 04:04:09 +00:00
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|
.Aq Pa sys/disklabel.h .
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
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.Pp
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
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|
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.Bl -tag -width DIOCSDINFO
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.It Dv DIOCSBAD
|
1999-08-09 14:31:04 +00:00
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|
Usually used to set up a bad-block mapping system on the disk.
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
drives incorporate their own bad-block mapping so this command is not
|
1996-01-30 13:52:50 +00:00
|
|
|
implemented.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Dv DIOCGDINFO
|
|
|
|
Read, from the kernel, the in-core copy of the disklabel for the
|
2000-03-01 14:50:24 +00:00
|
|
|
drive.
|
|
|
|
This may be a fictitious disklabel if the drive has never
|
1996-01-30 13:52:50 +00:00
|
|
|
been initialized, in which case it will contain information read
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
from the
|
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
|
|
|
inquiry commands.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Dv DIOCSDINFO
|
2000-03-01 14:50:24 +00:00
|
|
|
Give the driver a new disklabel to use.
|
|
|
|
The driver
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em will not
|
|
|
|
write the new
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
disklabel to the disk.
|
|
|
|
.It Dv DIOCWLABEL
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
Enable or disable the driver's software
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
write protect of the disklabel on the disk.
|
|
|
|
.It Dv DIOCWDINFO
|
2000-03-01 14:50:24 +00:00
|
|
|
Give the driver a new disklabel to use.
|
|
|
|
The driver
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Em will
|
|
|
|
write the new disklabel to the disk.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
Move dynamic sysctl(8) variable creation for the cd(4) and da(4) drivers
out of cdregister() and daregister(), which are run from interrupt context.
The sysctl code does blocking mallocs (M_WAITOK), which causes problems
if malloc(9) actually needs to sleep.
The eventual fix for this issue will involve moving the CAM probe process
inside a kernel thread. For now, though, I have fixed the issue by moving
dynamic sysctl variable creation for these two drivers to a task queue
running in a kernel thread.
The existing task queues (taskqueue_swi and taskqueue_swi_giant) run in
software interrupt handlers, which wouldn't fix the problem at hand. So I
have created a new task queue, taskqueue_thread, that runs inside a kernel
thread. (It also runs outside of Giant -- clients must explicitly acquire
and release Giant in their taskqueue functions.)
scsi_cd.c: Remove sysctl variable creation code from cdregister(), and
move it to a new function, cdsysctlinit(). Queue
cdsysctlinit() to the taskqueue_thread taskqueue once we
have fully registered the cd(4) driver instance.
scsi_da.c: Remove sysctl variable creation code from daregister(), and
move it to move it to a new function, dasysctlinit().
Queue dasysctlinit() to the taskqueue_thread taskqueue once
we have fully registered the da(4) instance.
taskqueue.h: Declare the new taskqueue_thread taskqueue, update some
comments.
subr_taskqueue.c:
Create the new kernel thread taskqueue. This taskqueue
runs outside of Giant, so any functions queued to it would
need to explicitly acquire/release Giant if they need it.
cd.4: Update the cd(4) man page to talk about the minimum command
size sysctl/loader tunable. Also note that the changer
variables are available as loader tunables as well.
da.4: Update the da(4) man page to cover the retry_count,
default_timeout and minimum_cmd_size sysctl variables/loader
tunables. Remove references to /dev/r???, they aren't used
any longer.
cd.9: Update the cd(9) man page to describe the CD_Q_10_BYTE_ONLY
quirk.
taskqueue.9: Update the taskqueue(9) man page to describe the new thread
task queue, and the taskqueue_swi_giant queue.
MFC after: 3 days
2003-09-03 04:46:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh SYSCTL VARIABLES
|
|
|
|
The following variables are available as both
|
|
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
|
|
variables and
|
|
|
|
.Xr loader 8
|
|
|
|
tunables:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 12
|
|
|
|
.It kern.cam.da.retry_count
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
This variable determines how many times the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver will retry a READ or WRITE command.
|
|
|
|
This does not affect the number of retries used during probe time or for
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver dump routine.
|
|
|
|
This value currently defaults to 4.
|
|
|
|
.It kern.cam.da.default_timeout
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
This variable determines how long the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver will wait before timing out an outstanding command.
|
|
|
|
The units for this value are seconds, and the default is currently 60
|
|
|
|
seconds.
|
|
|
|
.It kern.cam.da.%d.minimum_cmd_size
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
This variable determines what the minimum READ/WRITE CDB size is for a
|
|
|
|
given
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
unit.
|
|
|
|
(The %d above denotes the unit number of the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver instance, e.g. 1, 2, 4, 8, etc.)
|
|
|
|
Valid minimum command size values are 6, 10, 12 and 16 bytes.
|
|
|
|
The default is 6 bytes.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver issues a CAM Path Inquiry CCB at probe time to determine whether the
|
|
|
|
protocol the device in question speaks (e.g. ATAPI) typically doesn't allow
|
|
|
|
6 byte commands.
|
|
|
|
If it doesn't, the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver will default to using at least 10 byte CDBs.
|
|
|
|
If a 6 byte READ or WRITE fails with an ILLEGAL REQUEST error, the
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
|
|
driver will then increase the default CDB size for the device to 10 bytes and
|
|
|
|
retry the command.
|
|
|
|
CDB size is always
|
|
|
|
chosen as the smallest READ/WRITE CDB that will satisfy the specified minimum
|
|
|
|
command size, and the LBA and length of the READ or WRITE in question.
|
|
|
|
(e.g., a write to an LBA larger than 2^32 will require a 16 byte CDB.)
|
|
|
|
.El
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
1999-04-30 06:37:16 +00:00
|
|
|
If a device becomes invalidated (media is removed, device becomes unresponsive)
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
the disklabel and information held within the kernel about the device will
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
|
|
|
be invalidated.
|
|
|
|
To avoid corruption of a newly inserted piece of media or
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
a replacement device, all accesses to the device will be discarded until
|
2003-06-28 23:53:39 +00:00
|
|
|
the last file descriptor referencing the old device is closed.
|
|
|
|
During this period, all new open attempts will be rejected.
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /dev/rsdXXXXX -compact
|
|
|
|
.Sm off
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pa /dev/da Ar u Pa s Ar n
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
|
|
raw mode
|
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
|
|
|
disk unit
|
|
|
|
.Ar u ,
|
|
|
|
slice
|
2000-11-06 15:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
accessed as an unpartitioned device
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.It Pa /dev/da Ns Ar u Ns Ar p
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
raw mode
|
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
|
|
|
disk unit
|
|
|
|
.Ar u ,
|
|
|
|
first
|
2000-11-14 11:20:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fx
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
slice, partition
|
|
|
|
.Ar p
|
|
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pa /dev/da
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar u
|
|
|
|
.Pa s
|
|
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
|
|
.Ar p
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
|
|
raw mode
|
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
|
|
|
disk unit
|
|
|
|
.Ar u ,
|
2001-02-28 17:38:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.Ar n Ns th
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
slice, partition
|
|
|
|
.Ar p
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
2000-07-04 16:32:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr ad 4 ,
|
1996-12-26 16:16:37 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr disklabel 5 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
|
1999-08-09 02:35:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.Xr fdisk 8
|
1995-01-25 09:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
driver was written for the
|
|
|
|
.Tn CAM
|
|
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
2000-05-12 08:32:56 +00:00
|
|
|
subsystem by
|
2000-05-12 09:10:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.An Justin T. Gibbs .
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
Many ideas were gleaned from the
|
|
|
|
.Nm sd
|
|
|
|
device driver written and ported from
|
1996-01-18 21:36:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.Tn Mach
|
1998-10-16 03:28:12 +00:00
|
|
|
2.5
|
2000-05-12 09:10:40 +00:00
|
|
|
by
|
|
|
|
.An Julian Elischer .
|
|
|
|
Support for slices was written by
|
|
|
|
.An Bruce Evans .
|