Effectively all i386 kernels now have two pmaps compiled in: one
managing PAE pagetables, and another non-PAE. The implementation is
selected at cold time depending on the CPU features. The vm_paddr_t is
always 64bit now. As result, nx bit can be used on all capable CPUs.
Option PAE only affects the bus_addr_t: it is still 32bit for non-PAE
configs, for drivers compatibility. Kernel layout, esp. max kernel
address, low memory PDEs and max user address (same as trampoline
start) are now same for PAE and for non-PAE regardless of the type of
page tables used.
Non-PAE kernel (when using PAE pagetables) can handle physical memory
up to 24G now, larger memory requires re-tuning the KVA consumers and
instead the code caps the maximum at 24G. Unfortunately, a lot of
drivers do not use busdma(9) properly so by default even 4G barrier is
not easy. There are two tunables added: hw.above4g_allow and
hw.above24g_allow, the first one is kept enabled for now to evaluate
the status on HEAD, second is only for dev use.
i386 now creates three freelists if there is any memory above 4G, to
allow proper bounce pages allocation. Also, VM_KMEM_SIZE_SCALE changed
from 3 to 1.
The PAE_TABLES kernel config option is retired.
In collaboarion with: pho
Discussed with: emaste
Reviewed by: markj
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18894
It seems that libkern/mcount.c is the only consumer of vm/pmap.h that
does not include machine/atomic.h. Make it work by bringing
machine/atomic.h when pmap.h is used for kernel non-asm .c file.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
pmap_kextract().
pmap_kextract() can race with promotion/demotion on the kernel page
table, in which case current non-atomic 64bit read would see torn
value, breaking pmap_kextract(). pmap_kextract() would correctly
handle either promoted or demoted PDE, but not a mix where one word
is from a different state.
It requires PAE and > 4G memory to reproduce. We observed this in
real loads, both for intensive use of malloc(9)/free(9) where
vtoslab() returned invalid pointer to the slab, and with the use of
busdma_bounce, where incorrect page was bounced.
In collaboration with: pho
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18714
It is useful for inspecting tlb shootdown hangs. The smp_tlb_generation value
is available using regular ddb data inspection commands.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 3 days
This KPI may in principle be used to create kernel mappings, in which
case we certainly should not be setting PG_U. In any case, PG_U must be
set on all layers in the page tables to grant user mode access, and we
were only setting it on leaf entries. Thus, this change should have no
functional impact.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Due to the typo, it shared the frame with the CMAP1 transient mapping.
In collaboration with: pho
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation (kib)
With the introduction of M_EXEC support for kmem_malloc(), some kernel
mappings start having NX bit set in the paging structures early, for
PAE kernels on machines with NX support, i.e. practically on all
machines. In particular, AP trampoline and initialization needs to
access pages which translations has NX bit set, before initializecpu()
is called.
Check for CPUID NX feature and enable EFER.NXE before we enable paging
in mp boot trampoline. This allows the CPU to use the kernel page
table instead of generating page fault due to reserved bit set.
PR: 233819
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
On some architectures, the structures returned by PT_GET*REGS were not
fully populated and could contain uninitialized stack memory. The same
issue existed with the register files in procfs.
Reported by: Thomas Barabosch, Fraunhofer FKIE
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 3 days
Security: kernel stack memory disclosure
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18421
We zero the whole structure; we don't need to zero the __spare__ field again.
Remove trailing whitespace.
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Include evdev support and drivers in the amd64 and i386 GENERIC and MINIMAL
kernels. Evdev is used by X and wayland to handle input devices, and this
change, together with upcomming changes in ports will make us handle input
devices better in graphical UIs.
Reviewed by: wulf, bapt, imp
Approved by: imp
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17912
Avoid using DELAY() since it can try to use spin locks on CPUs without
a P-state invariant TSC. For cpu_lock_delay(), always use the TSC if
it exists (even if it is not P-state invariant) to delay for a
microsecond. If the TSC does not exist, read from I/O port 0x84 to
delay instead.
PR: 228768
Reported by: Roger Hammerstein <cheeky.m@live.com>
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17851
Replace a call to DELAY(1) with a new cpu_lock_delay() KPI. Currently
cpu_lock_delay() is defined to DELAY(1) on all platforms. However,
platforms with a DELAY() implementation that uses spin locks should
implement a custom cpu_lock_delay() doesn't use locks.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 3 days
Add a new 'debugger_on_trap' knob separate from 'debugger_on_panic'
and make the calls to kdb_trap() in MD fatal trap handlers prior to
calling panic() conditional on this new knob instead of
'debugger_on_panic'. Disable the new knob by default. Developers who
wish to recover from a fatal fault by adjusting saved register state
and retrying the faulting instruction can still do so by enabling the
new knob. However, for the more common case this makes the user
experience for panics due to a fatal fault match the user experience
for other panics, e.g. 'c' in DDB will generate a crash dump and
reboot the system rather than being stuck in an infinite loop of fatal
fault messages and DDB prompts.
Reviewed by: kib, avg
MFC after: 2 months
Sponsored by: Chelsio Communications
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17768
The loader tunable 'debug.verbose_sysinit' may be used to toggle verbosity.
This is added to the debugging section of these kernconfs to be turned off
in stable branches for clarity of intent.
MFC after: never
Remove malloc_domain(9) and most other _domain KPIs added in r327900.
The new functions allow the caller to specify a general NUMA domain
selection policy, rather than specifically requesting an allocation from
a specific domain. The latter policy tends to interact poorly with
M_WAITOK, resulting in situations where a caller is blocked indefinitely
because the specified domain is depleted. Most existing consumers of
the _domain KPIs are converted to instead use a DOMAINSET_PREF() policy,
in which we fall back to other domains to satisfy the allocation
request.
This change also defines a set of DOMAINSET_FIXED() policies, which
only permit allocations from the specified domain.
Discussed with: gallatin, jeff
Reported and tested by: pho (previous version)
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17418
This driver has been obsolete since the FreeBSD 4.x. It should have
been removed then since the sym(4) driver had subsumed it. The driver
was commented out of GENERIC in 2000.
RelNotes: Yes
stg(4) is marked as gone in 12. Remove it. There are no sightings of
it in the nycbug dmesg database. It was for an obscure SCSI card that
sold mostly in Japan, and was especially popilar among pc98 hackers in
the 4.x time frame. It was also only enabled on i386.
Relnote: Yes
nsp(4) is marked as gone in 12. Remove it. There are no sightings of
it in the nycbug dmesg database. It was for an obscure SCSI card that
sold mostly in Japan, and was especially popilar among pc98 hackers in
the 4.x time frame. It was also only enabled on i386.
Relnote: Yes
ncv(4) is marked as gone in 12. Remove it. There are no sightings of
it in the nycbug dmesg database. It was for an obscure SCSI card that
sold mostly in Japan, and was especially popilar among pc98 hackers in
the 4.x time frame..
Relnote: Yes
Remove mse and all support for bus and inport devices from the tree.
Data from nycbug's dmesg database shows the last sighting of this
driver was in 4.10 on only one machine.
Relnotes: yes
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17628
We're planning on removing adv, adw, aha, aic, bt, ncv, nsp, and stg
soon. They have been tagged for removal in 12. At least get them out
of GENERIC.
MFC after: 3 days
Relnotes: yes
When modifying an existing managed mapping, we should find a PV entry
for the old mapping. Verify this.
Before r335784 this would have been implicitly tested by the fact that
we always freed the PV entry for the old mapping.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17626
With lld 7.0.0, a rather nasty problem in our kernel linker script came
to light. We use quite a lot of so-called "orphan" sections, e.g.
sections which are not explicitly named in the linker script. Mainly,
these are the linker sets (such as set_sysinit_set).
Note that the placement of these orphan sections is not very well
defined. Usually, any read-only orphan sections get placed after the
last read-only section from the linker script, and similarly for the
read/write variants.
In our linker scripts, there are also symbol assignments like _etext,
_edata, and __bss_start, which are used in various places to refer to
the start or end addresses of sections.
However, some of these symbol assignments are interspersed with output
section descriptions. While the linker will guarantee that a symbol
assignment after some section will stay after that section, there is no
guarantee that an orphan section cannot be inserted just before it.
Take for example the following script:
SECTIONS
{
.data : { *(.data) }
__bss_start = .;
.bss : { *(.bss) }
}
If an orphan section (like set_sysinit_set) is now inserted just after
the __bss_start assignment, __bss_start will actually point to the start
of that orphan section, *not* to the start of the .bss section.
Unfortunately, something like this happened with our i386 kernel linker
script, and since sys/i386/i386/locore.s tries to zero .bss, it ended up
zeroing all the linker sets too, leading to a crash very soon after the
<--BOOT--> message.
To fix this, move the __bss_start symbol assignment *into* the .bss
section description, so there is no way a linker can then insert orphan
sections at that point. Also add a corresponding __bss_end symbol.
In addition, change sys/i386/i386/locore.s, so it clears from
__bss_start to __bss_end, instead of assuming that _edata is just
before .bss (which may not be true), and that _end is just after _bss
(which also may not be true).
This allows an i386 kernel linked with lld 7.0.0 to boot successfully.
configuring kernels for i386, amd64, and arm64.
The 'GEOM_PART_GPT' option was added to the DEFAULTS configuration
in r337967.
Approved by: re (kib@)
Reviewed by: ler@
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17458
Sponsored by: Netflix, Inc.
Belatedly add a comment to the amd64 pmap explaining why we initialize
the kernel pmap's resident page count.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
Approved by: re (gjb)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17377
This reverts part of r333368. The attempt to clear DR6 was occuring
too soon as trapsignal() does not pause to let the debugger notice the
SIGTRAP and query DR6. The signal exchange does not occur until much
later during ast(). As a result, GDB was no longer recognizing
hardware breakpoints and watchpoints on x86.
In addition, any userland programs that want to inspect DR6 in a
SIGTRAP handler don't have a way to do this if we clear DR6 in the
exception handler.
Instead of relying on the kernel to clear DR6, debuggers will have to
explicitly clear it after a trace trap (which they needed to do on
older kernels anyway).
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: re (delphij)
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17319
This simplifies the runtime logic and reduces the number of
runtime-constant branches.
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Approved by: re (gjb)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16736
Since ifunc-capable linker is now required on i386, bring this code in
line with the amd64 counterpart.
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Approved by: re (gjb)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16736
Exposing max_offset and min_offset defines in public headers is
causing clashes with variable names, for example when building QEMU.
Based on the submission by: royger
Reviewed by: alc, markj (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation (kib)
MFC after: 1 week
Approved by: re (marius)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16881
Curpmap must be already valid when cpu_throw() is called, even for early
AP startup.
Suggested by: alc
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Approved by: re (marius)
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16893
Add pmap_activate_boot() for i386, move the invocation on APs from MD
init_secondary() to x86 init_secondary_tail().
Suggested by: alc
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Approved by: re (marius)
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16893
Revert r338177, r338176, r338175, r338174, r338172
After long consultations with re@, core members and mmacy, revert
these changes. Followup changes will be made to mark them as
deprecated and prent a message about where to find the up-to-date
driver. Followup commits will be made to make this clear in the
installer. Followup commits to reduce POLA in ways we're still
exploring.
It's anticipated that after the freeze, this will be removed in
13-current (with the residual of the drm2 code copied to
sys/arm/dev/drm2 for the TEGRA port's use w/o the intel or
radeon drivers).
Due to the impending freeze, there was no formal core vote for
this. I've been talking to different core members all day, as well as
Matt Macey and Glen Barber. Nobody is completely happy, all are
grudgingly going along with this. Work is in progress to mitigate
the negative effects as much as possible.
Requested by: re@ (gjb, rgrimes)
The boot-time ifunc resolver assumes that it only needs to apply
IRELATIVE relocations to PLT entries. With an upcoming optimization,
this assumption no longer holds, so add the support required to handle
PC-relative relocations targeting GNU_IFUNC symbols.
- Provide a custom symbol lookup routine that can be used in early boot.
The default lookup routine uses kobj, which is not functional at that
point.
- Apply all existing relocations during boot rather than filtering
IRELATIVE relocations.
- Ensure that we continue to apply ifunc relocations in a second pass
when loading a kernel module.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16749
As discussed on the MLs drm2 conflicts with the ports' version and there
is no upstream for most if not all of drm. Both have been merged in to
a single port.
Users on powerpc, 32-bit hardware, or with GPUs predating Radeon
and i915 will need to install the graphics/drm-legacy-kmod. All
other users should be able to use one of the LinuxKPI-based ports:
graphics/drm-stable-kmod, graphics/drm-next-kmod, graphics/drm-devel-kmod.
MFC: never
Approved by: core@
became unused in FreeBSD 12.x as a side-effect of the NUMA-related
changes.)
Reviewed by: kib, markj
Discussed with: jeff, re@
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16825
The support for lazy pmap invalidations on i386 was removed in r281707.
This removes the constant for the IPI and stops accounting for it when
sizing the interrupt count arrays.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16801
- In configurations with a pseudo devices section, move 'device crypto'
into that section.
- Use a consistent comment. Note that other things common in kernel
configs such as GELI also require 'device crypto', not just IPSEC.
Reviewed by: rgrimes, cem, imp
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16775
Updates in the format described in section 9.11 of the Intel SDM can
now be applied as one of the first steps in booting the kernel. Updates
that are loaded this way are automatically re-applied upon exit from
ACPI sleep states, in contrast with the existing cpucontrol(8)-based
method. For the time being only Intel updates are supported.
Microcode update files are passed to the kernel via loader(8). The
file type must be "cpu_microcode" in order for the file to be recognized
as a candidate microcode update. Updates for multiple CPU types may be
concatenated together into a single file, in which case the kernel
will select and apply a matching update. Memory used to store the
update file will be freed back to the system once the update is applied,
so this approach will not consume more memory than required.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 6 weeks
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16370
There's no differene between VM_FREELIST_ISADMA and VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM
except for the default boundary (16MB on x86 and 256MB on MIPS, but
they are otherwise the same). We don't need both for any system we
support (there were some really old ARC systems that did have ISA/EISA
bus, but we never ran on them and they are too old to ever grow
support for).
Differential Review: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16290
Do not use vm_map_remove() to release KVA back to the system. Because
kernel map entries do not have an associated VM object, with r336030
the vm_map_remove() call will not update the kernel page tables. Avoid
relying on the vm_map layer and instead update the pmap and release KVA
to the kernel arena directly in kmem_bootstrap_free().
Because the pmap updates will generally result in superpage demotions,
modify pmap_init() to insert PTPs shadowed by superpage mappings into
the kernel pmap's radix tree.
While here, port r329171 to i386.
Reported by: alc
Reviewed by: alc, kib
X-MFC with: r336505
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16426
code never sees FPU pcb flags not consistent with the hardware state.
This is uncovered by the eager FPU switch mode.
Analyzed, reviewed and tested by: gleb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
On i386 and amd64, add a vm_phys segment for physical memory used to
store the kernel binary and other preloaded data. This makes it
possible to free such memory back to the system once it is no longer
needed, e.g., when a preloaded kernel module is unloaded. Previously,
it would have remained unused.
Reviewed by: kib, royger
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16330
Without this, the support for transparent superpage promotion on i386
was left disabled.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16279
add support for explicitly requesting that pmap_enter() create a 2 or 4 MB
page mapping. (Essentially, this feature allows the machine-independent
layer to create superpage mappings preemptively, and not wait for automatic
promotion to occur.)
Export pmap_ps_enabled() to the machine-independent layer.
Add a flag to pmap_pv_insert_pde() that specifies whether it should fail or
reclaim a PV entry when one is not available.
Refactor pmap_enter_pde() into two functions, one by the same name, that is
a general-purpose function for creating PDE PG_PS mappings, and another,
pmap_enter_4mpage(), that is used to prefault 2 or 4 MB read- and/or
execute-only mappings for execve(2), mmap(2), and shmat(2).
Reviewed by: kib
Tested by: pho
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16246
For example, fully construct the new PTE before entering the critical
section. This change is a stepping stone to psind == 1 support on i386.
Reviewed by: kib, markj
Tested by: pho
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16188
Doing so ensures that all threads sharing the pmap have a consistent
view of the mapping. This fixes the problem described in the commit
log messages for r329254 without the overhead of an extra fault in the
common case. Once other pmap_enter() implementations are similarly
modified, the workaround added in r329254 can be removed, reducing the
overhead of CoW faults.
See also r335784 for amd64. The i386 implementation of pmap_enter()
already reused the PV entry from the old mapping.
Reviewed by: kib, markj
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 3 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16133
This restores counters(9) operation.
Revert r336024. Improve assert of pcpu size on x86.
Reviewed by: mmacy
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16163
Due to the way rtld creates mappings for the shared objects, each dso
causes unmap of at least three guard map entries. For instance, in
the buildworld load, this change reduces the amount of pmap_remove()
calls by 1/5.
Profiled by: alc
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16148
SMP systems by extending defined(SMP) to include defined(KLD_MODULE).
This is a regression issue after r335873 .
Discussed with: mmacy@
Sponsored by: Mellanox Technologies
- Change pcpu zone consumers to use a stride size of PAGE_SIZE.
(defined as UMA_PCPU_ALLOC_SIZE to make future identification easier)
- Allocate page from the correct domain for a given cpu.
- Don't initialize pc_domain to non-zero value if NUMA is not defined
There are some misconceptions surrounding this field. It is the
_VM_ NUMA domain and should only ever correspond to valid domain
values as understood by the VM.
The former slab size of sizeof(struct pcpu) was somewhat arbitrary.
The new value is PAGE_SIZE because that's the smallest granularity
which the VM can allocate a slab for a given domain. If you have
fewer than PAGE_SIZE/8 counters on your system there will be some
memory wasted, but this is obviously something where you want the
cache line to be coming from the correct domain.
Reviewed by: jeff
Sponsored by: Limelight Networks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15933
It is possible that a fictitious unmanaged userspace mapping of
superpage is created on x86, e.g. by pmap_object_init_pt(), with the
physical address outside the vm_page_array[] coverage.
Noted and reviewed by: alc
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16085
physical address, which is readily available after sucessfull
vm_page_pa_tryrelock().
Noted and reviewed by: alc
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16085
physical address, which is readily available after sucessfull
vm_page_pa_tryrelock().
Noted and reviewed by: alc
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16085
returning NULL.
vm_fault_quick_hold_pages() can be legitimately called on userspace
mappings backed by fictitious pages created by unmanaged device and sg
pagers.
Note that other architectures pmap_extract_and_hold() might need
similar fix, but I postponed the examination.
Reported by: bde
Discussed with: alc
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16085
- inline atomics in modules on i386 and amd64 (they were always
inline on other arches)
- allow modules to opt in to inlining locks by specifying
MODULE_TIED=1 in the makefile
Reviewed by: kib
Sponsored by: Limelight Networks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16079
The Linux compatibility code was converting the version number (e.g.
2.6.32) in two different ways and then comparing the results.
The linux_map_osrel() function converted MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH similar to
what FreeBSD does natively. I.e. where major=v0, minor=v1, and patch=v2
v = v0 * 1000000 + v1 * 1000 + v2;
The LINUX_KERNVER() macro, on the other hand, converted the value with
bit shifts. I.e. where major=a, minor=b, and patch=c
v = (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
The Linux kernel uses the later format via the KERNEL_VERSION() macro in
include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
Fix is to use the LINUX_KERNVER() macro in linux_map_osrel() as well as
in the .trans_osrel functions.
PR: 229209
Reviewed by: emaste, cem, imp (mentor)
Approved by: imp (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15952
Existing linuxulator platforms (i386, amd64) support legacy syscalls,
such as non-*at ones like open, but arm64 and other new platforms do
not.
Wrap these in #ifdef LINUX_LEGACY_SYSCALLS, #defined in the MD linux.h
files. We may need finer grained control in the future but this is
sufficient for now.
Reviewed by: andrew
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15237
The break() system call was renamed (several times) starting in v3
AT&T UNIX when C was invented and break was a language keyword. The
last vestage of a need for it to be called something else (eg obreak)
was removed in r225617 which consistantly prefixed all syscall
implementations.
Reviewed by: emaste, kib (older version)
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15638
Give up and remove the almost useless informational message reporting
that device not available exception occured while our state tracking
indicates the current CPU has FPU context loaded for the current
thread.
It seems that this is recurring bug with some VM monitors.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Most kernel memory that is allocated after boot does not need to be
executable. There are a few exceptions. For example, kernel modules
do need executable memory, but they don't use UMA or malloc(9). The
BPF JIT compiler also needs executable memory and did use malloc(9)
until r317072.
(Note that a side effect of r316767 was that the "small allocation"
path in UMA on amd64 already returned non-executable memory. This
meant that some calls to malloc(9) or the UMA zone(9) allocator could
return executable memory, while others could return non-executable
memory. This change makes the behavior consistent.)
This change makes malloc(9) return non-executable memory unless the new
M_EXEC flag is specified. After this change, the UMA zone(9) allocator
will always return non-executable memory, and a KASSERT will catch
attempts to use the M_EXEC flag to allocate executable memory using
uma_zalloc() or its variants.
Allocations that do need executable memory have various choices. They
may use the M_EXEC flag to malloc(9), or they may use a different VM
interfact to obtain executable pages.
Now that malloc(9) again allows executable allocations, this change also
reverts most of r317072.
PR: 228927
Reviewed by: alc, kib, markj, jhb (previous version)
Sponsored by: Netflix
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15691
A call to npxsave() in the exception trampolines was not relocated.
This call to a garbage address usually paniced when made, but it is only
made when the thread has used an FPU recently, and this is not the usual
case.
PR: 228755
Reviewed by: kib
pmc_process_interrupt takes 5 arguments when only 3 are needed.
cpu is always available in curcpu and inuserspace can always be
derived from the passed trapframe.
While facially a reasonable cleanup this change was motivated
by the need to workaround a compiler bug.
core2_intr(cpu, tf) ->
pmc_process_interrupt(cpu, ring, pmc, tf, inuserspace) ->
pmc_add_sample(cpu, ring, pm, tf, inuserspace)
In the process of optimizing the tail call the tf pointer was getting
clobbered:
(kgdb) up
at /storage/mmacy/devel/freebsd/sys/dev/hwpmc/hwpmc_mod.c:4709
4709 pmc_save_kernel_callchain(ps->ps_pc,
(kgdb) up
1205 error = pmc_process_interrupt(cpu, PMC_HR, pm, tf,
resulting in a crash in pmc_save_kernel_callchain.
- increase pmc cpuid field from 8 to 12 bits
- add cpuid version string to initialize entry in the log
so that filter can identify which counter index an
event name maps to
- GC unused config flags
- make fixed counter assignment more robust as well as the
changes needed to be properly identified for filter
file in /sys/conf, so was unavailable in configurations that don't use
modules, and was not testable or notable in NOTES. Its normal
configuration (not using a module) is still silently deprecated in
aout(4) by not mentioning it there.
Update i386 NOTES for COMPAT_AOUT. It is not i386-only, or even very MD.
Sort its entry better.
Finish gzip configuration (but not support) for amd64. gzip is really
gzipped aout. It is currently broken even for i386 (a call to vm fails).
amd64 has always attempted to configure and test it, but it depends on
COMPAT_AOUT (as noted). The bug that it depends on unconfigured files
was not detected since it is configured as a device. All other optional
image activators are configured properly using an option.
time, especially for SMP. If configured, it turns itself on at boot
time for calibration, so is fragile even if never otherwise used.
Both types of kernel profiling were supposed to use a global spinlock
in the SMP case. If hi-res profiling is configured (but not necessarily
used), this was supposed to be optimized by only using it when
necessary, and slightly more efficiently, in asm. But it was not done
at all for mcount entry where it is necessary. This caused crashes
in the SMP case when either type of profiling was enabled. For mcount
exit, it only caused wrong times. The times were wrongest with an
i8254 timer since using that requires exclusive access to the hardware.
The i8254 timer was too slow to use here 20 years ago and is much less
usable now, but it is the default for the SMP case since TSCs weren't
invariant when SMP was new. Do the locking in all hi-res SMP cases for
simplicity.
Calibration uses special asms, and the clobber lists in these were sort
of inverted. They contained the arg and return registers which are not
clobbered, but on amd64 they didn't contain the residue of the call-used
registers which may be clobbered (%r10 and %r11). This usually caused
hangs at boot time. This usually affected even the UP case.
kernel profiling remains broken).
memmove() was broken using ALTENTRY(). ALTENTRY() is only different from
ENTRY() in the profiling case, and its use in that case was sort of
backwards. The backwardness magically turned memmove() into memcpy()
instead of completely breaking it. Only the high resolution parts of
profiling itself were broken. Use ordinary ENTRY() for memmove().
Turn bcopy() into a tail call to memmove() to reduce complications.
This gives slightly different pessimizations and profiling lossage.
The pessimizations are minimized by not using a frame pointer() for
bcopy().
Calls to profiling functions from exception trampolines were not
relocated. This caused crashes on the first exception. Fix this using
function pointers.
Addresses of exception handlers in trampolines were not relocated. This
caused unknown offsets in the profiling data. Relocate by abusing
setidt_disp as for pmc although this is slower than necessary and
requires namespace pollution. pmc seems to be missing some relocations.
Stack traces and lots of other things in debuggers need similar relocations.
Most user addresses were misclassified as unknown kernel addresses and
then ignored. Treat all unknown addresses as user. Now only user
addresses in the kernel text range are significantly misclassified (as
known kernel addresses).
The ibrs functions didn't preserve enough registers. This is the only
recent breakage on amd64. Although these functions are written in
asm, in the profiling case they call profiling functions which are
mostly for the C ABI, so they only have to save call-used registers.
They also have to save arg and return registers in some cases and
actually save them in all cases to reduce complications. They end up
saving all registers except %ecx on i386 and %r10 and %r11 on amd64.
Saving these is only needed for 1 caller on each of amd64 and i386.
Save them there. This is slightly simpler.
Remove saving %ecx in handle_ibrs_exit on i386. Both handle_ibrs_entry
and handle_ibrs_exit use %ecx, but only the latter needed to or did
save it. But saving it there doesn't work for the profiling case.
amd64 has more automatic saving of the most common scratch registers
%rax, %rcx and %rdx (its complications for %r10 are from unusual use
of %r10 by SYSCALL). Thus profiling of handle_ibrs_exit_rs() was not
broken, and I didn't simplify the saving by moving the saving of these
registers from it to the caller.
Intel now provides comprehensive tables for all performance counters
and the various valid configuration permutations as text .json files.
Libpmc has been converted to use these and hwpmc_core has been greatly
simplified by moving to passthrough of the table values.
The one gotcha is that said tables don't support pentium pro and and pentium
IV. There's very few users of hwpmc on _amd64_ kernels on new hardware. It is
unlikely that anyone is doing low level optimization on 15 year old Intel
hardware. Nonetheless, if someone feels strongly enough to populate the
corresponding tables for p4 and ppro I will reinstate the files in to the
build.
Code for the K8 counters and !x86 architectures remains unchanged.
This is a follow-up to r321483, which disabled -Wmacro-redefined for
some lib/msun tests.
If an application included both fenv.h and ieeefp.h, several macros such
as __fldcw(), __fldenv() were defined in both headers, with slightly
different arguments, leading to conflicts.
Fix this by putting all the common macros in the machine-specific
versions of ieeefp.h. Where needed, update the arguments in places
where the macros are invoked.
This also slightly reduces the differences between the amd64 and i386
versions of ieeefp.h.
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15633
pmap_is_prefaultable() and pmap_incore(), pushing the number of
shootdown IPIs back to the 3/1 kernel.
Benchmarked by: bde
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Create yet another temporal pte mapping routine pmap_pte_quick3(),
which is the copy of the pmap_pte_quick() and relies on the
pvh_global_lock to protect the frame. It accounts into the same
counters as pmap_pte_quick(). It is needed since pmap_copy() uses
pmap_pte_quick() already, and since a user pmap is no longer current
pmap.
pmap_copy() still provides the advantage for real-world workloads
involving lot of forks where processes do not exec immediately.
Benchmarked by: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
While at it add missing _acq_ and _rel_ variants for 64-bit atomic
operations under i386.
Reviewed by: kib @
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: Mellanox Technologies
In particular, stop using pmap_pte() to read non-promoted pte while
walking the page table. pmap_pte() needs to shoot down the kernel
mapping globally which causes IPI broadcast. Since
pmap_extract_and_hold() is used for slow copyin(9), it is very
significant hit for the 4/4 kernels.
Instead, create single purpose per-processor page frame and use it to
locally map page table page inside the critical section, to avoid
reuse of the frame by other thread if context switched.
Measurement demostrated very significant improvements in any load that
utilizes copyin/copyout.
Found and benchmarked by: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
The TSC-s are checked and synchronized only if they were good
originally. That is, invariant, synchronized, etc.
This is necessary on an AMD-based system where after a wakeup from STR I
see that BSP clock differs from AP clocks by a count that roughly
corresponds to one second. The APs are in sync with each other. Not
sure if this is a hardware quirk or a firmware bug.
This is what I see after a resume with this change:
SMP: passed TSC synchronization test after adjustment
acpi_timer0: restoring timecounter, ACPI-fast -> TSC-low
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 3 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15551
Make memmove the primary interface, but have bcopy be an alternative
entry point that jumps into memmove. This will slightly pessimize
bcopy calls, but those are about to get much rarer. Return dst always,
but it will be ignored by bcopy callers. We can remove just the alt
entry point if we ever remove bcopy entirely.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15374
Instead, construct an auxargs array and copy it out all at once.
Use an array of Elf_Auxinfo rather than pairs of Elf_Addr * to represent
the array. This is the correct type where pairs of words just happend
to work. To reduce the size of the diff, AUXARGS_ENTRY is altered to act
on this array rather than introducing a new macro.
Return errors on copyout() and suword() failures and handle them in the
caller.
Incidentally fixes AT_RANDOM and AT_EXECFN in 32-bit linux on amd64
which incorrectly used AUXARG_ENTRY instead of AUXARGS_ENTRY_32
(now removed due to the use of proper types).
Reviewed by: kib
Comments from: emaste, jhb
Obtained from: CheriBSD
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15485
We certainly should clear PSL_T when calling the SIGTRAP signal
handler, which is already done by all x86 sendsig(9) ABI code. On the
other hand, there is no obvious reason why PSL_T needs to be cleared
when returning from the signal handler. For instance, Linux allows
userspace to set PSL_T and keep tracing enabled for the desired
period. There are userspace programs which would use PSL_T if we make
it possible, for instance sbcl.
Remember if PSL_T was set by PT_STEP or PT_SETSTEP by mean of TDB_STEP
flag, and only clear it when the flag is set.
Discussed with: Ali Mashtizadeh
Reviewed by: jhb (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15054
r334005: add pc_ibpb_set as it is now referenced by common code
(although presumably not needed on i386 since it has been there
since the first spectre mitigation work on amd64)
r334009: there is no amd64 rflags -> i386 eflags
- Add constants for fields in DR6 and the reserved fields in DR7. Use
these constants instead of magic numbers in most places that use DR6
and DR7.
- Refer to T_TRCTRAP as "debug exception" rather than a "trace trap"
as it is not just for trace exceptions.
- Always read DR6 for debug exceptions and only clear TF in the flags
register for user exceptions where DR6.BS is set.
- Clear DR6 before returning from a debug exception handler as
recommended by the SDM dating all the way back to the 386. This
allows debuggers to determine the cause of each exception. For
kernel traps, clear DR6 in the T_TRCTRAP case and pass DR6 by value
to other parts of the handler (namely, user_dbreg_trap()). For user
traps, wait until after trapsignal to clear DR6 so that userland
debuggers can read DR6 via PT_GETDBREGS while the thread is stopped
in trapsignal().
Reviewed by: kib, rgrimes
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15189
This turns on support for kernel dump encryption and compression, and
netdump. arm and mips platforms are omitted for now, since they are more
constrained and don't benefit as much from these features.
Reviewed by: cem, manu, rgrimes
Tested by: manu (arm64)
Relnotes: yes
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15465
is executed on the right stack already. No copy from the entry stack
to the kstack must be performed for vm86 bios call code to function.
To access the pcb flags on kernel entry, unconditionally switch to
kernel address space if vm86 mode is detected.
This fixes very early vm86 bios calls, typically done when boot is
performed by boot2 without loader, and kernel falls back to BIOS calls
to get SMAP.
Reported by: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
PCB_VM86CALL pcb flag not set should be treated same as return to
userspace.
Most important, the address space must be switched. This fixes
usermode vm86 operations after the 4/4 split.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
exception code is copied to the trampoline.
The correct value is then copied to trampoline automatically, so
tramp_idleptd_reloced can be eliminated.
This will allow to use the same exception entry code to handle traps
from vm86 bios calls on early boot stage, as after the trampoline is
configured.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Record common_tssd, the descriptor to be written in GDT to point to
the common TSS, before LTR is executed. The LTR instruction sets the
loaded descriptor type to 386 TSS busy, which traps on reloads.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Since pop %ss/mov %ss instructions defer all interrupts and exceptions
for the next instruction, it is possible that the userspace watchpoint
trap executes on the first instruction of the kernel entry for
syscall/bpt.
In this case, DB# should be treated similarly to NMI: on amd64 we must
always load GSBASE even if the trap comes from kernel mode, and load
the kernel page table root into %cr3. Moreover, the trap must
use the dedicated stack, because we are still on the user stack when
trapped on syscall entry.
For i386, we must reload %cr3. The syscall instruction is not configured,
so there is no issue with executing on user stack when trapping.
Due to some CPU erratas it is not always possible to detect that the
userspace watchpoint triggered by inspecting %dr6. In trap(), compare the
trap %rip with the known unsafe entry points and if matched pretend that
the watchpoint did not fire at all.
Thank you to the MSRC Incident Response Team, and in particular Greg
Lenti and Nate Warfield, for coordinating the response to this issue
across multiple vendors.
Thanks to Computer Recycling at The Working Center of Kitchener for
making hardware available to allow us to test the patch on additional
CPU families.
Reviewed by: jhb
Discussed with: Matthew Dillon
Tested by: emaste
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Security: CVE-2018-8897
Security: FreeBSD-SA-18:06.debugreg
Required MD bits are only provided for x86.
Reviewed by: jhb (previous version, as part of the larger patch)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13838
This driver was for an early and uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single
ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.
Submitted by: kbowling
Reviewed by: brooks imp jeffrey.e.pieper@intel.com
Relnotes: yes
Sponsored by: Limelight Networks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15234
Dumpers may wish to print messages from an initialization hook; this
change ensures that such messages aren't mixed with output from the
generic dump code.
MFC after: 1 week
Use proper method to access userspace. For now, only the slow copyout
path is implemented.
Reported and tested by: tijl (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Remove auxarg_size as it was only used once right after a confusing
assignment in each of the variants of exec_copyout_strings().
Reviewed by: emaste
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15123
This will allow to hook a ddb script to "kdb.enter.trap" event.
Previously there was no specific name for this event, so it could only
be handled by either "kdb.enter.unknown" or "kdb.enter.default" hooks.
Both are very unspecific.
Having a specific event is useful because the fatal trap condition is
very similar to panic but it has an additional property that the current
stack frame is the frame where the trap occurred. So, both a register
dump and a stack bottom dump have additional information that can help
analyze the problem.
I have added the event only on architectures that have trap_fatal()
function defined. I haven't looked at other architectures. Their
maintainers can add support for the event later.
Sample script:
kdb.enter.trap=bt; show reg; x/aS $rsp,20; x/agx $rsp,20
Reviewed by: kib, jhb, markj
MFC after: 11 days
Sponsored by: Panzura
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15093
Half of implementations always failed (returned (-1)) and they were
previously used in only one place.
Reviewed by: kib, andrew
Obtained from: CheriBSD
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15102
'bool' is preferred to 'boolean_t'. We only get the boolean_t
definition by header pollution (though the same is true for
bool). Since we use both, switch entirely to bool.
Note: We still have TRUE/FALSE instead of true/false in heavy use in
the rest of the file. These are with ints of various flavors, so
that's appropriate, even though we should eventually migrate to bool
and true/false (though the tables they are in are nicely packed with
short and wouldn't be so nicely packed with bool, another reason
to leave it alone for now).
The change makes the user and kernel address spaces on i386
independent, giving each almost the full 4G of usable virtual addresses
except for one PDE at top used for trampoline and per-CPU trampoline
stacks, and system structures that must be always mapped, namely IDT,
GDT, common TSS and LDT, and process-private TSS and LDT if allocated.
By using 1:1 mapping for the kernel text and data, it appeared
possible to eliminate assembler part of the locore.S which bootstraps
initial page table and KPTmap. The code is rewritten in C and moved
into the pmap_cold(). The comment in vmparam.h explains the KVA
layout.
There is no PCID mechanism available in protected mode, so each
kernel/user switch forth and back completely flushes the TLB, except
for the trampoline PTD region. The TLB invalidations for userspace
becomes trivial, because IPI handlers switch page tables. On the other
hand, context switches no longer need to reload %cr3.
copyout(9) was rewritten to use vm_fault_quick_hold(). An issue for
new copyout(9) is compatibility with wiring user buffers around sysctl
handlers. This explains two kind of locks for copyout ptes and
accounting of the vslock() calls. The vm_fault_quick_hold() AKA slow
path, is only tried after the 'fast path' failed, which temporary
changes mapping to the userspace and copies the data to/from small
per-cpu buffer in the trampoline. If a page fault occurs during the
copy, it is short-circuit by exception.s to not even reach C code.
The change was motivated by the need to implement the Meltdown
mitigation, but instead of KPTI the full split is done. The i386
architecture already shows the sizing problems, in particular, it is
impossible to link clang and lld with debugging. I expect that the
issues due to the virtual address space limits would only exaggerate
and the split gives more liveness to the platform.
Tested by: pho
Discussed with: bde
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 month
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14633
The miscellaneous x86 sysent->sv_setregs() implementations tried to
migrate PSL_T from the previous program to the new executed one, but
they evaluated regs->tf_eflags after the whole regs structure was
bzeroed. Make this functional by saving PSL_T value before zeroing.
Note that if the debugger is not attached, executing the first
instruction in the new program with PSL_T set results in SIGTRAP, and
since all intercepted signals are reset to default dispostion on
exec(2), this means that non-debugged process gets killed immediately
if PSL_T is inherited. In particular, since suid images drop
P_TRACED, attempt to set PSL_T for execution of such program would
kill the process.
Another issue with userspace PSL_T handling is that it is reset by
trap(). It is reasonable to clear PSL_T when entering SIGTRAP
handler, to allow the signal to be handled without recursion or
delivery of blocked fault. But it is not reasonable to return back to
the normal flow with PSL_T cleared. This is too late to change, I
think.
Discussed with: bde, Ali Mashtizadeh
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 3 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14995
Previously linuxulator had three identical copies of
linux_exec_imgact_try. Deduplicate before adding another arch to
linuxulator.
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14856
opt_compat.h is mentioned in nearly 180 files. In-progress network
driver compabibility improvements may add over 100 more so this is
closer to "just about everywhere" than "only some files" per the
guidance in sys/conf/options.
Keep COMPAT_LINUX32 in opt_compat.h as it is confined to a subset of
sys/compat/linux/*.c. A fake _COMPAT_LINUX option ensure opt_compat.h
is created on all architectures.
Move COMPAT_LINUXKPI to opt_dontuse.h as it is only used to control the
set of compiled files.
Reviewed by: kib, cem, jhb, jtl
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14941
So that it doesn't rely on physmap[1] containing an address below
1MiB. Instead scan the full physmap and search for a suitable address
to place the trampoline code (below 1MiB) and the initial memory pages
(below 4GiB).
Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D
Reviewed by: kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14878
x86/cpu_machdep.c now needs to include elan_mmcr.h when CPU_ELAN is set.
While here, also remove the now unneeded inclusion of isareg.h in i386
and amd64 vm_machdep.c.
Reported by: lwhsu
MFC after: 14 days
X-MFC with: r331878
Because I didn't see any reason not too.
I've been making some changes to the code and couldn't help but notice
that the i386 and am64 code was nearly identical.
MFC after: 17 days
If cpu_reset() is called on an AP and if it somehow fails to wake the
BSP, then it's better to attempt the reset on the AP than just sit there
spinning on an unusable and undebuggable system.
MFC after: 16 days
The processor is "parked" in a spin-loop already and that's sufficient
for the reset. There is nothing that stop_cpus() would add here, only
extra complexity and fragility.
The original processor does not need to enable interrupts now, in fact,
it must not do that.
MFC after: 2 weeks
platforms. Original commit message as follows:
Only use CPUs in the domain the device is attached to for default
assignment. Device drivers are able to override the default assignment
if they bind directly. There are severe performance penalties for
handling interrupts on remote CPUs and this should only be done in
very controlled circumstances.
Reviewed by: jhb, kib
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14838
These have been supplanted by the MI signal information codes in
<sys/signal.h> since 7.0. The FPE_*_TRAP ones were deprecated even
earlier in 1999.
PR: 226579 (exp-run)
Reviewed by: kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14637
assignment. Device drivers are able to override the default assignment
if they bind directly. There are severe performance penalties for
handling interrupts on remote CPUs and this should only be done in
very controlled circumstances.
Reviewed by: jhb, kib
Tested by: pho (earlier version)
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14838
Bring #includes closer to style(9) and reduce differences between the
(three) MD versions of linux_machdep.c and linux_sysvec.c.
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
i386 was changed to only require critical section around the thread
FPU state manipulations, and vm86_bioscall callers already enter
critical section for other reasons.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
ibcs2_getdents() copies a dirent structure to userland. The ibcs2
dirent structure contains a 2 byte pad element. This element is never
initialized, but copied to userland none-the-less.
Note that ibcs2 has not built on HEAD since r302095.
Submitted by: Domagoj Stolfa <ds815@cam.ac.uk>
Reported by: Ilja Van Sprundel <ivansprundel@ioactive.com>
MFC after: 3 days
Security: Kernel memory disclosure (803)
assym is only to be included by other .s files, and should never
actually be assembled by itself.
Reviewed by: imp, bdrewery (earlier)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14180
It's preferable to have a consistent prefix. This also reduces
differences between the three linux*_sysvec.c files.
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
There's a fair amount of duplication between MD linuxulator files.
Make indentation and comments consistent between the three versions of
linux_sysvec.c to reduce diffs when comparing them.
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
Three copies of the linuxulator linux_sysvec.c contained identical
BSD to Linux errno translation tables, and future work to support other
architectures will also use the same table. Move the table to a common
file to be used by all. Make it 'const int' to place it in .rodata.
(Some existing Linux architectures use MD errno values, but x86 and Arm
share the generic set.)
This change should introduce no functional change; a followup will add
missing errno values.
MFC after: 3 weeks
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14665
Migrate to modern types before creating MD Linuxolator bits for new
architectures.
Reviewed by: cem
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14676
Nothing uses the #define's values or the types. (Some NTP code does use
an audio_info_t, but it is in #ifdef'd support for Solaris and is not
this audio_info_t).
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
While there is no immediate leak, if the structure changes underneath
us, there might be in the future.
Submitted by: Domagoj Stolfa <domagoj.stolfa@gmail.com>
MFC After: 1 month
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
correctly for the data contained on each memory page.
There are several components to this change:
* Add a variable to indicate the start of the R/W portion of the
initial memory.
* Stop detecting NX bit support for each AP. Instead, use the value
from the BSP and, if supported, activate the feature on the other
APs just before loading the correct page table. (Functionally, we
already assume that the BSP and all APs had the same support or
lack of support for the NX bit.)
* Set the RW and NX bits correctly for the kernel text, data, and
BSS (subject to some caveats below).
* Ensure DDB can write to memory when necessary (such as to set a
breakpoint).
* Ensure GDB can write to memory when necessary (such as to set a
breakpoint). For this purpose, add new MD functions gdb_begin_write()
and gdb_end_write() which the GDB support code can call before and
after writing to memory.
This change is not comprehensive:
* It doesn't do anything to protect modules.
* It doesn't do anything for kernel memory allocated after the kernel
starts running.
* In order to avoid excessive memory inefficiency, it may let multiple
types of data share a 2M page, and assigns the most permissions
needed for data on that page.
Reviewed by: jhb, kib
Discussed with: emaste
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Netflix
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14282
imcsmb(4) provides smbus(4) support for the SMBus controller functionality
in the integrated Memory Controllers (iMCs) embedded in Intel Sandybridge-
Xeon, Ivybridge-Xeon, Haswell-Xeon, and Broadwell-Xeon CPUs. Each CPU
implements one or more iMCs, depending on the number of cores; each iMC
implements two SMBus controllers (iMC-SMBs).
*** IMPORTANT NOTE ***
Because motherboard firmware or the BMC might try to use the iMC-SMBs for
monitoring DIMM temperatures and/or managing an NVDIMM, the driver might
need to temporarily disable those functions, or take a hardware interlock,
before using the iMC-SMBs. Details on how to do this may vary from board to
board, and the procedure may be proprietary. It is strongly suggested that
anyone wishing to use this driver contact their motherboard vendor, and
modify the driver as described in the manual page and in the driver itself.
(For what it's worth, the driver as-is has been tested on various SuperMicro
motherboards.)
Reviewed by: avg, jhb
MFC after: 1 week
Relnotes: yes
Sponsored by: Panasas
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14447
Discussed with: avg, ian, jhb
Tested by: allanjude (previous version), Panasas
This deliberately breaks the API in preperation for future syscall
revisions which will remove these nonstandard members.
In an exp-run a single port (devel/qemu-user-static) was found to
use them which it did becuase it emulates system calls. This has
been fixed in the ports tree.
PR: 224443 (exp-run)
Reviewed by: kib, jhb (previous version)
Exp-run by: antoine
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRP
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14490
No implementation of fpu_kern_enter() can fail, and it was causing needless
error checking boilerplate and confusion. Change the return code to void to
match reality.
(This trivial change took nine days to land because of the commit hook on
sys/dev/random. Please consider removing the hook or otherwise lowering the
bar -- secteam never seems to have free time to review patches.)
Reported by: Lachlan McIlroy <Lachlan.McIlroy AT isilon.com>
Reviewed by: delphij
Approved by: secteam (delphij)
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14380
Make vm_wait() take the vm_object argument which specifies the domain
set to wait for the min condition pass. If there is no object
associated with the wait, use curthread' policy domainset. The
mechanics of the wait in vm_wait() and vm_wait_domain() is supplied by
the new helper vm_wait_doms(), which directly takes the bitmask of the
domains to wait for passing min condition.
Eliminate pagedaemon_wait(). vm_domain_clear() handles the same
operations.
Eliminate VM_WAIT and VM_WAITPFAULT macros, the direct functions calls
are enough.
Eliminate several control state variables from vm_domain, unneeded
after the vm_wait() conversion.
Scetched and reviewed by: jeff
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation, Mellanox Technologies
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14384
Many licenses on Linuxolator files contained small variations from the
standard FreeBSD license text. To avoid license proliferation switch to
the standard 2-clause FreeBSD license for those files where I have
permission from each of the listed copyright holders. Additional files
waiting on permission from others are listed in review D14210.
Approved by: kan, marcel, sos, rdivacky
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
The idea is, the pmap_qenter() API is now defined to not produce executable
mappings. If you need executable mappings, use another API.
Add pg_nx flag in pmap_qenter on x86 to make kernel pages non-executable.
Other architectures that support execute-specific permissons on page table
entries should subsequently be updated to match.
Submitted by: Darrick Lew <darrick.freebsd AT gmail.com>
Reviewed by: markj
Discussed with: alc, jhb, kib
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14062
compilation under FreeBSD. The mthca driver was temporarily removed as
part of the Linux 4.9 RoCE/infinband upgrade.
Top commit in Linux source tree:
69973b830859bc6529a7a0468ba0d80ee5117826
Sponsored by: Mellanox Technologies
significant source of cache line contention from vm_page_alloc(). Use
accessors and vm_page_unwire_noq() so that the mechanism can be easily
changed in the future.
Reviewed by: markj
Discussed with: kib, glebius
Tested by: pho (earlier version)
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14273
global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock
from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more
of a first class object.
Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
A version of each of the MD files by necessity exists for each CPU
architecture supported by the Linuxolator. Clean these up so that new
architectures do not inherit whitespace issues.
Clean up shared Linuxolator files while here.
Sponsored by: Turing Robotic Industries Inc.
It is coded according to the Intel document 336996-001, reading of the
patches posted on lkml, and some additional consultations with Intel.
For existing processors, you need a microcode update which adds IBRS
CPU features, and to manually enable it by setting the tunable/sysctl
hw.ibrs_disable to 0. Current status can be checked in sysctl
hw.ibrs_active. The mitigation might be inactive if the CPU feature
is not patched in, or if CPU reports that IBRS use is not required, by
IA32_ARCH_CAP_IBRS_ALL bit.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14029
Use PCID to avoid complete TLB shootdown when switching between user
and kernel mode with PTI enabled.
I use the model close to what I read about KAISER, user-mode PCID has
1:1 correspondence to the kernel-mode PCID, by setting bit 11 in PCID.
Full kernel-mode TLB shootdown is performed on context switches, since
KVA TLB invalidation only works in the current pmap. User-mode part of
TLB is flushed on the pmap activations as well.
Similarly, IPI TLB shootdowns must handle both kernel and user address
spaces for each address. Note that machines which implement PCID but
do not have INVPCID instructions, cause the usual complications in the
IPI handlers, due to the need to switch to the target PCID temporary.
This is racy, but because for PCID/no-INVPCID we disable the
interrupts in pmap_activate_sw(), IPI handler cannot see inconsistent
state of CPU PCID vs PCPU pmap/kcr3/ucr3 pointers.
On the other hand, on kernel/user switches, CR3_PCID_SAVE bit is set
and we do not clear TLB.
I can imagine alternative use of PCID, where there is only one PCID
allocated for the kernel pmap. Then, there is no need to shootdown
kernel TLB entries on context switch. But copyout(3) would need to
either use method similar to proc_rwmem() to access the userspace
data, or (in reverse) provide a temporal mapping for the kernel buffer
into user mode PCID and use trampoline for copy.
Reviewed by: markj (previous version)
Tested by: pho
Discussed with: alc (some aspects)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 3 weeks
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13985
These files previously had a 3-clause license and 'THE REGENTS' text.
Switch to standard 2-clause text with kib's approval, and add the SPDX
tag.
Approved by: kib
Uses of mallocarray(9).
The use of mallocarray(9) has rocketed the required swap to build FreeBSD.
This is likely caused by the allocation size attributes which put extra pressure
on the compiler.
Given that most of these checks are superfluous we have to choose better
where to use mallocarray(9). We still have more uses of mallocarray(9) but
hopefully this is enough to bring swap usage to a reasonable level.
Reported by: wosch
PR: 225197
(i386 and arm) that never implement them. This allows the removal of
#ifdef PHYS_TO_DMAP on code otherwise protected by a runtime check on
PMAP_HAS_DMAP. It also fixes the build on ARM and i386 after I forgot an
#ifdef in r328168.
Reported by: Milan Obuch
Pointy hat to: me
kernel by PHYS_TO_DMAP() as previously present on amd64, arm64, riscv, and
powerpc64. This introduces a new MI macro (PMAP_HAS_DMAP) that can be
evaluated at runtime to determine if the architecture has a direct map;
if it does not (or does) unconditionally and PMAP_HAS_DMAP is either 0 or
1, the compiler can remove the conditional logic.
As part of this, implement PHYS_TO_DMAP() on sparc64 and mips64, which had
similar things but spelled differently. 32-bit MIPS has a partial direct-map
that maps poorly to this concept and is unchanged.
Reviewed by: kib
Suggestions from: marius, alc, kib
Runtime tested on: amd64, powerpc64, powerpc, mips64
pathconf(2) and fpathconf(2) both return a long. The kern_[f]pathconf()
functions now accept a pointer to a long value rather than modifying
td_retval directly. Instead, the system calls explicitly store the
returned long value in td_retval[0].
Requested by: bde
Reviewed by: kib
Sponsored by: Chelsio Communications
The implementation of the Kernel Page Table Isolation (KPTI) for
amd64, first version. It provides a workaround for the 'meltdown'
vulnerability. PTI is turned off by default for now, enable with the
loader tunable vm.pmap.pti=1.
The pmap page table is split into kernel-mode table and user-mode
table. Kernel-mode table is identical to the non-PTI table, while
usermode table is obtained from kernel table by leaving userspace
mappings intact, but only leaving the following parts of the kernel
mapped:
kernel text (but not modules text)
PCPU
GDT/IDT/user LDT/task structures
IST stacks for NMI and doublefault handlers.
Kernel switches to user page table before returning to usermode, and
restores full kernel page table on the entry. Initial kernel-mode
stack for PTI trampoline is allocated in PCPU, it is only 16
qwords. Kernel entry trampoline switches page tables. then the
hardware trap frame is copied to the normal kstack, and execution
continues.
IST stacks are kept mapped and no trampoline is needed for
NMI/doublefault, but of course page table switch is performed.
On return to usermode, the trampoline is used again, iret frame is
copied to the trampoline stack, page tables are switched and iretq is
executed. The case of iretq faulting due to the invalid usermode
context is tricky, since the frame for fault is appended to the
trampoline frame. Besides copying the fault frame and original
(corrupted) frame to kstack, the fault frame must be patched to make
it look as if the fault occured on the kstack, see the comment in
doret_iret detection code in trap().
Currently kernel pages which are mapped during trampoline operation
are identical for all pmaps. They are registered using
pmap_pti_add_kva(). Besides initial registrations done during boot,
LDT and non-common TSS segments are registered if user requested their
use. In principle, they can be installed into kernel page table per
pmap with some work. Similarly, PCPU can be hidden from userspace
mapping using trampoline PCPU page, but again I do not see much
benefits besides complexity.
PDPE pages for the kernel half of the user page tables are
pre-allocated during boot because we need to know pml4 entries which
are copied to the top-level paging structure page, in advance on a new
pmap creation. I enforce this to avoid iterating over the all
existing pmaps if a new PDPE page is needed for PTI kernel mappings.
The iteration is a known problematic operation on i386.
The need to flush hidden kernel translations on the switch to user
mode make global tables (PG_G) meaningless and even harming, so PG_G
use is disabled for PTI case. Our existing use of PCID is
incompatible with PTI and is automatically disabled if PTI is
enabled. PCID can be forced on only for developer's benefit.
MCE is known to be broken, it requires IST stack to operate completely
correctly even for non-PTI case, and absolutely needs dedicated IST
stack because MCE delivery while trampoline did not switched from PTI
stack is fatal. The fix is pending.
Reviewed by: markj (partially)
Tested by: pho (previous version)
Discussed with: jeff, jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Focus on code where we are doing multiplications within malloc(9). None of
these ire likely to overflow, however the change is still useful as some
static checkers can benefit from the allocation attributes we use for
mallocarray.
This initial sweep only covers malloc(9) calls with M_NOWAIT. No good
reason but I started doing the changes before r327796 and at that time it
was convenient to make sure the sorrounding code could handle NULL values.
X-Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13837
domains can be done by the _domain() API variants. UMA also supports a
first-touch policy via the NUMA zone flag.
The slab layer is now segregated by VM domains and is precise. It handles
iteration for round-robin directly. The per-cpu cache layer remains
a mix of domains according to where memory is allocated and freed. Well
behaved clients can achieve perfect locality with no performance penalty.
The direct domain allocation functions have to visit the slab layer and
so require per-zone locks which come at some expense.
Reviewed by: Attilio (a slightly older version)
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
An lld-linked i386 kernel hangs on boot, after em(4) starts. This seems
similar to the issue that prompted us to disable VIMAGE on arm64 in
r326179. Disable VIMAGE on i386 for now while we investigate.
PR: 225077
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
We already clear %RFLAGS.DF on the kernel entry due to the compiler's
ABI requirements.
Suggested by: jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
Iwasaki-san's copyright over. Remove FIXME code that couldn't possibly
work. Call tc_settime() with our estimate of the delta we've been
alseep (the one we print) to adjust the time. Not sure what to do
about callouts, so keep the small #ifdef in place there.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13823
inline ccbque.h into scsi_low.h. The file isn't MD, so shouldn't live
in i386/isa. It's only used by scsi_low, so move it there so no new
clients accidentally grow. scsi_low may not even still work, and the
locking here is still SPL based. CAM should do the right thing, but
I've received no reports of these cards still working. At least it
compiles still and there's one fewer files in sys/i386/isa. While I'm
here, ansify and de-splize. CCB_MWANTED appears to be a clear-only
flag, but I've not changed that.
Differential Review: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13672
It does not change anything in the behavior of trap_pfault(), while
eliminating obfuscation of jumping to the code which checks for the
condition reversed of the goto cause. Also avoid force initialize the
rv variable, since it is now only accessed after storing vm_fault()
return value.
Reviewed by: alc
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13725
The ep(4) driver is the only consumer of the two functions from
elink.c. I removed the standalone module as well, and most likely,
the module metadata is not needed anywhere, but this is for later
cleanup.
Discussed with: imp, jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
The i386 FPU (AKA npx) code does not depend on ISA devices at all,
after the support for IRQ13 FPU exceptions was removed. Put the file
into the expected place in the kernel source tree.
Discussed with: jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Make it easier to identify the point where we started diverging from
NetBSD. Newer versions of these files have been updated to a new license
so this information may become useful some day.
Obtained from: NetBSD
They provide relaxed-ordered atomic access semantic. Due to the
FreeBSD memory model, the operations are syntaxical wrappers around
the volatile accesses. The volatile qualifier is used to ensure that
the access not optimized out and in turn depends on the volatile
semantic as implemented by supported compilers.
The motivation for adding the operation is to help people coming from
other systems or knowing the C11/C++ standards where atomics have
special type and require use of the special access operations. It is
still the case that FreeBSD requires plain load and stores of aligned
integer types to be atomic.
Suggested by: jhb
Reviewed by: alc, jhb
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13534
of low physical memory:
Update the comment about leaving the permanent mapping in place. This
also improves the wording of the comment. PTD 0 is still left alone
because it is fairly important that it was unmapped earlier, and the
comment now describes the unmapping of the other low PTDs that the code
actually does.
Reviewed by: kib
it by a transient double mapping for the one instruction in ACPI wakeup
where it is needed (and for many surrounding instructions in ACPI resume).
Invalidate the TLB as soon as convenient after undoing the transient
mapping. ACPI resume already has the strict ordering needed for this.
This fixes the non-trapping of null pointers and other garbage pointers
below NBPDR (except transiently). NBPDR is quite large (4MB, or 2MB for
PAE).
This fixes spurious traps at the first instruction in VM86 bioscalls.
The traps are for transiently missing read permission in the first
VM86 page (physical page 0) which was just written to at KERNBASE in
the kernel. The mechanism is unknown (it is not simply PG_G).
locore uses a similar but larger transient double mapping and needs
it for 2 instructions instead of 1. Unmap the first PDE in it after
the 2 instructions to detect most garbage pointers while bootstrapping.
pmap_bootstrap() finishes the unmapping.
Remove the avoidance of the double mapping for a recently fixed special
case. ACPI resume could use this avoidance (made non-special) to avoid
any problems with the transient double mapping, but no such problems
are known.
Update comments in locore. Many were for old versions of FreeBSD which
tried to map low memory r/o except for special cases, or might have
allowed access to low memory via physical offsets. Now all kernel
maps are r/w, and removal of of the double map disallows use of physical
offsets again.
when KERNLOAD is smaller than NBPDR (not the default) and PG_G is
enabled (the default if the CPU supports it). This case has relatively
minor problems with coherency of the permanent double mapping, but the
fix in r167869 to improve coherency creates page tables with 3 different
errors so never worked.
The permanent double mapping is fundamentally broken and will be removed
soon. It fundamentally breaks trapping for null pointers and requires
complications to avoid cache coherency bugs. It is currently used for
only a single instruction in ACPI resume,
Many fixes VM86 and/or ACPI and/or the double map were attempted near
r1200000. r167869 attempted to fix cache coherency bugs in an unusual
case, but the bugs were unreachable because older errors in page tables
caused a crash first.
This commit just makes r167869 work as intended. Part 1 of these fixes
fixed the other errors, but also stopped mapping the PDE for KERNBASE
as a large page, so double mapping of this PDE only causes the same
problems as when KERNLOAD is the default. Except for the problem of
trapping null pointers, r167869 could be used to fix these problems,
but it is inactive in usual cases. The only known other problem is
that incoherent permissions for page 0 cause spurious traps in VM86
BIOS calls.
Reviewed by: kib
when KERNLOAD is not a multiple of NBPDR (not the default) and PSE is
enabled (the default if the CPU supports it). Addresses in PDEs must
be a multiple of NBPDR in the PSE case, but were not so in the crashing
case.
KERNLOAD defaults to NBPDR. NBPDR is 4 MB for !PAE and 2 MB for PAE.
The default can be changed by editing i386/include/vmparam.h or using
makeoptions. It can be changed to less than NBPDR to save real and
virtual memory at a small cost in time, or to more than NBPDR to waste
real and virtual memory. It must be larger than 1 MB and a multiple of
PAGE_SIZE. When it is less than NBPDR, it is necessarily not a multiple
of NBPDR. This case has much larger bugs which will be fixed in part 2.
The fix is to only use PSE for physical addresses above <KERNLOAD
rounded _up_ to an NBPDR boundary>. When the rounding is non-null,
this leaves part of the kernel not using large pages. Rounding down
would avoid this pessimization, but would break setting of PAT bits
on i/o pages if it goes below 1MB. Since rounding down always goes
below 1MB when KERNLOAD < NBPDR and the KERNLOAD > NBPDR case is not
useful, never round down.
Fix related style bugs (e.g., wrong literal values for NBPDR in comments).
Reviewed by: kib
memory:
Load the kernel eflags less magically, as in locore. The magic increased
when I removed eflags from the pcb in r305899.
Remove a jump to low memory that became garbage when the i386 version was
mostly replaced by the amd64 version in r235622.
The amd64 version is very similar. It still loads the flags magically,
but is not missing comments about using the special page table.
Reviewed by: kib
The DTrace fasttrap entry points expect a struct reg containing the
register values of the calling thread. Perform the conversion in
fasttrap rather than in the trap handler: this reduces the number of
ifdefs and avoids wasting stack space for traps that don't involve
DTrace.
MFC after: 2 weeks
Logically, extend r286288 to cover all threads, by default.
The world has largely moved on from i386. Most FreeBSD users and developers
test on amd64 hardware. For better or worse, we have written a non-trivial
amount of kernel code that relies on stacks larger than 8 kB, and it "just
works" on amd64, so there has been little incentive to shrink it.
amd64 had its KSTACK_PAGES bumped to 4 back in Peter's initial AMD64 commit,
r114349, in 2003. Since that time, i386 has limped along on a stack half
the size. We've even observed the stack overflows years ago, but neglected
to fix the issue; see the 20121223 and 20150728 entries in UPDATING.
If anyone is concerned with this change, I suggest they configure their
AMD64 kernels with KSTACK_PAGES 2 and fix the fallout there first. Eugene
has identified a list of high stack usage functions in the first PR below.
PR: 219476, 224218
Reported by: eugen@, Shreesh Holla <hshreesh AT yahoo.com>
Relnotes: maybe
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon
This variable should be pure MI except possibly for reading it in MD
dump routines. Its initialization was pure MD in 4.4BSD, but FreeBSD
changed this in r36441 in 1998. There were many imperfections in
r36441. This commit fixes only a small one, to simplify fixing the
others 1 arch at a time. (r47678 added support for
special/early/multiple message buffer initialization which I want in
a more general form, but this was too fragile to use because hacking
on the msgbufp global corrupted it, and was only used for 5 hours in
-current...)
In the linux ENOADATA is frequently #defined as ENOATTR.
The change is required for an xattrs support implementation.
MFC after: 1 week
Discussed with: netchild
Approved by: pfg
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13221
